Math Concept Reader
Fundraising Fair Math Concept Reader ca52xs_lay_070106af_kb.indd 3 1/9/07 2:24:29 AM DIGITAL FINAL PROOF Expedition: Antarctica by Aenea Mickelsen ca62xs_lay_061207ad_am.indd 4 1/9/07 9:09:15 AM DIGITAL FINAL PROOF Fundraising Fair by Ilse Ortabasi Math Concept Reader Copyright © Gareth Stevens, Inc. All rights reserved. Developed for Harcourt, Inc., by Gareth Stevens, Inc. This edition published by Harcourt, Inc., by agreement with Gareth Stevens, Inc. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright holder. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be addressed to Permissions Department, Gareth Stevens, Inc., 330 West Olive Street, Suite 100, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212. Fax: 414-332-3567. HARCOURT and the Harcourt Logo are trademarks of Harcourt, Inc., registered in the United States of America and/or other jurisdictions. Printed in the United States of America ISBN 13: 978-0-15-360196-5 ISBN 10: 0-15-360196-5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 179 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 ca52xs_lay_070106af_kb.indd 1 1/9/07 2:24:29 AM DIGITAL FINAL PROOF Chapter 1: Donations Wanted Like most afternoons, students stream from the schoolyard to the after-school recreation program. They enter the building and drop their bags in the assigned spot. Friends get together to decide what activities they want to do this afternoon. Some students are already playing ball out on the sports eld. Other students sit in the study hall quietly reading or doing homework. It is not long before students gradually leave their activities and gather near the bleachers in the eld. Some of the older students are already sitting on the bleachers. Students begin to talk excitedly about what the program coordinator might announce today. They are waiting for TJ to join them. He runs the after-school program. TJ’s name is really Thomas Johansen, but all the kids just call him TJ. ca52xs_lay_070106af_kb.indd 2 1/9/07 2:24:32 AM DIGITAL FINAL PROOF ( After-school recreation program students listen to TJ’s fundraising announcement. When TJ arrives, he greets the students and asks them to sit down. Everyone quiets down right away. No one wants to miss TJʼs announcement. He begins by saying that the after- school program needs new sports equipment. The equipment they use now is wearing out because the students use it so much. They also need new games and computers. Students stay indoors during rainy days and most of the winter. They like to play games or use the computers inside. TJ would like to buy more books, too, since many students enjoy reading after school. TJ ends his announcement by asking the students if they will help raise funds for the after-school program. All hands go up! Kelly and Dalia volunteer to organize a bake sale with the help of their mothers. Jason has an idea for a raffle. Charlene suggests a toy fair. After some discussion though, everyone agrees. They think the best way to get the items the after-school program needs is to have one fundraising event. DIGITAL FINAL PROOF 1. African Safari 2. Space 3. Hollywood 4. Around the World 5. Tropical Paradise Ideas for Fundraising Fair Themes Maya makes a list of student ideas for fundraising fair themes. The students decide to have a street fair. They will hold the fair on a Saturday. The students plan to have many booths, food stands, music, games, and more. TJ reminds them that they should rst choose a theme for the event! Charlene and Kristen love animals. They want the theme to be an African safari. Kendra and her friends like the idea of a space theme. Ben and his friends think it would be fun to have a Hollywood theme. Jason suggests an event with an Around the World theme. Jason shares his ideas about costumes, food, games, and ags from different countries. Maya adds one more thought. She would like the theme to be a tropical paradise! Devin says, “If we want to know what most people like, we could take a survey from a representative sample.” The students think this is a great idea. Maya makes a list of all the themes people mentioned. ca52xs_lay_070106af_kb.indd 4 1/9/07 2:24:37 AM DIGITAL FINAL PROOF Chapter 2: Taking Samples Kelly has several questions about the survey. Her rst question is, what is a representative sample? TJ explains that it is a group of people that is actually asked the survey questions. This smaller group represents the whole population. Then he adds, “The whole population in our case is everyone who would come to the street fair.” He explains, “It would be very difcult to ask everyone to select a theme. We can choose some people who would most likely come to the street fair. They are a smaller group who represent the entire population. We ask them which theme they like best and that is a representative sample.” Kelly understands the idea of a representative sample better now. Surveying a representative sample will help the students get accurate survey results. She says, “You want the sample to give the same types of answers you would get if you surveyed the entire population. If the sample gives you the same type of answers, then the sample is a representative sample.” ca52xs_lay_070106af_kb.indd 5 1/9/07 2:24:39 AM DIGITAL FINAL PROOF Ms. Zee and Kelly talk about surveys and samples. + Other students ask more questions. How do you select a sample randomly? Who would you ask? Do you ask 20 students in the after-school program or do you ask 100 students at the school? How do you include parents and other family members who would like to come? TJ listens to all the questions, but he doesnʼt answer them. Instead he encourages the students to find someone who can help them conduct a survey. The next morning in math class, Kelly explains things to her teacher, Ms. Zee. Kelly tells her about the questions that people asked TJ yesterday. Ms. Zee explains, “A random sample gives everyone in the population an equal chance of being surveyed.” She tells her class, “Each member of the sample is chosen by chance. A sample that is not chosen at random is more likely to be biased.” “So,” says Devin, “a biased sample does not represent the population accurately.” DIGITAL FINAL PROOF , Students gather random, representative, and reliable data. Meanwhile, Maya has made copies of the list of themes. She wants to give the list to students who will collect survey data. Maya says, “We need to collect enough data to be sure our conclusions are as reliable as possible.” Ari says, “What do you mean?” “We have to know how many people are surveyed,” Ben answers. “If two-thirds of the people we survey prefer the tropical paradise theme, I want to know the sample size. A sample size of 30 or 300 makes me trust the survey results much more than a sample size of only 3 people. Two of the three students surveyed could be Mayaʼs friends who like her idea!” Ms. Zee helps the survey team decide how to go about getting a sample that is as representative, random, and reliable as possible. The students decide to survey a sample of 80 people from the community. Each of the data collectors will ask two adults and eight youths which one of the fair themes they like best. Students need to conduct their sample survey in the next two days. Thereʼs a lot to do to plan for the fair. DIGITAL FINAL PROOF Votes for Fundraising Fair Themes Fundraising Fair Themes Number of People Who Prefer This Theme African Safari 10 Space 5 Hollywood 15 Around the World 40 Tropical Paradise 10 Students organize survey data in a frequency table. After conducting the surveys, the data collectors bring their completed surveys to Ms. Zee’s math class. They tally their counts and give the data to Maya. She adds a column for the survey information to the data table. She updates the table to show all the information collected from the surveys. Ms. Zee looks at the table. She says, “A frequency table is one way to show the data. This frequency table tells us how many people voted for each of the ve themes. Sometimes it is easier to understand what the survey data mean if you make a circle graph. Determine what fraction of the circle graph represents each theme. Then color the wedges of the graph a different color for each group that likes a different theme.” ca52xs_lay_070106af_kb.indd 8 1/9/07 2:24:42 AM DIGITAL FINAL PROOF [...]... the fundraising fair will be—Around the World! 12 ca52xs_lay_070106af_kb.indd 12 1/9/07 2:24:49 AM DIGITAL FINAL PROOF Around the World is the fundraising fair theme, but the fair will include each of the other themes, too TJ studies the graph again and smiles He has an idea TJ says, “The Around the World theme can include ideas from all the other themes.” Charlene says, “Great, one part of the fair. .. liked the fair and the themes for the decorations,” he tells them “Thanks to the whole community, the fundraising fair was a huge success.” DIGITAL FINAL PROOF After-school recreation program students use a new parachute, purchased with money raised at their fundraising fair The students return to the after-school recreation program on Monday TJ reports that they raised enough money at the street fair to... friends adds, “We can decorate another part of the fair in the space theme with satellites.” Ben is really glad that part of the fair will have a Hollywood movie set theme Maya is happy that all the ideas will be used for the fair She thinks that her favorite theme, the tropical paradise, will make the fair very festive The students begin to plan the fair They break into teams to share the planning TJ... cook and bake food to sell at the fair Some adults even plan to bring favorite food made from recipes from other countries A few days before the fair, parents and students set up booths and put the finishing touches on the theme decorations DIGITAL FINAL PROOF Devin estimates that at least 400 people attended the fundraising street fair The Saturday of the street fair is a clear, sunny day Many people... circle that will be blue DIGITAL FINAL PROOF Fundraising Fair Themes Circle Graph Table Fundraising Fair Themes Part of Circle Graph for Each Theme African Safari Space Hollywood Around the World Tropical Paradise Maya writes fractions with a common denominator on the frequency table Ms Zee helps the students construct their circle graph during the next math class She says, “First, find a common denominator... equipment, computers, games, and books Working to raise the money this year was hard work, but it was also enjoyable The fundraising fair turned out to be a fun-raising fair! DIGITAL FINAL PROOF Glossary biased sample a sample that is not representative of the population fair a fundraising sale frequency table a table that uses numbers to record data about how often something happens fundraiser an... even a computer The students agree that the survey they conducted helped make the fair a huge success The survey helped them plan so that there was something interesting for everyone who attended This helped to obtain interest and support from the whole community TJ and the students think they might make the fundraising fair an annual event The after-school program will always need more equipment, computers,... street fair is a clear, sunny day Many people from the community attend the fair They enjoy the music and the games They also enjoy the food and many activities At the end of the day, the students help clean up Maya says, “I wonder how many people came today.” Devin tells her, “I estimate that at least 400 people came to the fair. ” “If that is true, it means that the population we surveyed with the... people liked the tropical paradise theme as did the African safari theme ca52xs_lay_070106af_kb.indd 9 1/9/07 2:24:46 AM DIGITAL FINAL PROOF African safari and tropical paradise are just two of the fundraising fair themes that people selected during the student survey The students continue to review the tally marks on the data table It looks like the least number of people surveyed chose the space theme . Tropical Paradise Ideas for Fundraising Fair Themes Maya makes a list of student ideas for fundraising fair themes. The students decide to have a street fair. They will hold the fair on a Saturday of the fundraising fair will be—Around the World! ca52xs_lay_070106af_kb.indd 12 1/9/07 2:24:49 AM DIGITAL FINAL PROOF &( Around the World is the fundraising fair theme, but the fair will. blue. 1 16 5 80 = 15 80 = 3 16 3 16 DIGITAL FINAL PROOF && Fundraising Fair Themes Circle Graph Table Fundraising Fair Themes Part of Circle Graph for Each Theme African Safari Space