Applying genesis model in researching nha trang coastline evolution

DECLARATION I hereby declare that is the research work by myself under the supervisions of Assoc Prof Dr Tran Thanh Tung and Dr Nguyen Quang Chien The results and conclusions of the thesis are fidelity, which are not copied from any sources and any forms The reference documents relevant sources, the thesis has cited and recorded as prescribed The results of my thesis have not been published by me to any courses or any awards HaNoi, January2016 Vu Duy Toan ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank to my daily supervisors Dr Nguyen Quang Chien and Assoc.prof.Dr Tran Thanh Tung for sharing their knowledge, providing their useful feedback, guidance, the time invested in me, advice and discussion we had during my thesis work Furthermore, I would like to thank to my family, showing their interest and unconditional support TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii TABLE OFCONTENTS iii LISTOFFIGURES .v LISTOFTABLES .vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS viii INTRODUCTION ix Motivation x ResearchScope .x Researchobjective x Researchcontent .x Literaturereview xi Research methods xii CHAPTER I OVERVIEW OF SHORELINE EVOLUTIONANDSIMULATION USINGONE-LINEMODELS .1 1.1 Some issues worth considering in coastlineevolutionstudy 1.2 Process study shoreline changes in the world and currentresearchtrends 1.3 Numerical modeling ofcoastlineevolution 1.3.1 Basic Assumption of shorelinechange modeling 1.3.2 Litpack model .5 1.3.3 Unibest model 1.3.4 Genesis model 1.3.6.Conclusion 13 CHAPTER II ANALYSIS NHA TRANGCOASTLINEEVOLUTION 14 2.1 Overview of the studyarea .14 2.2 Data for shoreline andbeachmonitoring 15 2.2.1 Climatology 15 2.2.2 Hydrodynamics 18 2.2.3 GeologyandGeomorphology 19 2.2.4 Wavecharacteristics .19 2.2.5 Sediment Transport Regime inNhaTrang 20 2.3 Analysis Nha Trangcoastlineevolution 22 2.4 Conclusion 24 CHAPTER APPLY OF ONE-LINE MODEL TO STUDY NHA TRANGCOASTLINE EVOLUTION 25 3.1 SWAN MODEL 25 3.1.1 Basic theory ofSWANmodel 25 3.1.2 SWANmodelsetup 30 3.2 GENESISMODEL 42 3.2.1 Basic theory ofGenesismodel 42 3.2.2 SetupGenesismodel 47 CHAPTER PROPOSE ORIENTED SOLUTIONS TO STABILIZE NHATRANG BEACH 56 4.1 Scenarios simulated withprotectivestructure 56 4.1.1 Scenarios Nha Trang coastline evolution without protective structure for 1year, years,10years 56 4.1.2 Scenarios Nha Trang coastline evolution with protective structure for 1year, years,10years 58 4.2 Scenarios simulated withbeachnourishment 61 CONCLUSION 63 REFERENCES 65 APPENDICES 68 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Nha Trang coast (Source:Googleearth) .ix Figure 1.2 Conceptual framework of Nha Trang Coastlineevolutionstudy xiii Figure 1.3 Input and output file structureofGENESIS Figure 1.4 Calculation diagram ofGenesismodel 10 Figure 2.1 The discharge from Cai River in the year of 2013 as well as the meanrainfall in Nha Trang in the years 1995–2014 16 Figure 2.2 The variation of the wind magnitude and direction for September duringthe years of 2002 – 2011, i.e during thesouthwestmonsoon 17 Figure 2.3 The variation of the wind magnitude and direction for November duringthe years of 2002 – 2011, i.e during thenortheastmonsoon 17 Figure2.4.ThetidallevelvariationinthesouthofNhaTrangbayintheyearof2013 measured at Institute of Oceanography Tide Station inNhaTrang 18 Figure 2.5 Wave rose offshoreNhaTrang 20 Figure 2.6 Nha Trang shoreline over years from 2003–2015 23 Figure 3.1 Computational domain ofSwan model .31 Figure 3.2 Wave height boundary condition forSwanmodel .33 Figure 3.3 Wave period boundary condition forSwanmodel .33 Figure 3.4 Wave direction boundary condition forSwanmodel 33 Figure 3.5 The location of two points use for calibration inSwanmodel 35 Figure 3.6 Wave height of Swan model & Wavewatch III data at Continental shelf1(109.5, 12.5) (From January toDecember,2013) 37 Figure 3.7 Wave Period of Swan model & Wavewatch III data at Continental shelf1(109.5, 12.5) (From January toDecember,2013) 37 Figure 3.8 Wave Period of Swan model & Wavewatch III data at Continental shelf1(109.5, 12.5) (From January toDecember,2013) 38 Figure 3.9 Wave height of Swan model & Wavewatch III data at Continental shelf 2(109.5, 12.0) (From January toDecember,2013) 38 Figure 10 Wave period of Swan model & Wavewatch III data at Continental shelf2 (109.5, 12.0) (From January toDecember,2013) 39 Figure 3.11 Wave Direction of Swan model & Wavewatch III data at Continentalshelf (109.5, 12.0) (From January toDecember,2013) .39 Figure 12 Wave height of Swan model & Wavewatch III data at Continental shelf1 (109.5, 12.5) (June toAugust,2014) 40 Figure 13 Wave period of Swan model & Wavewatch III data at Continental shelf1 (109.5, 12.5) (From June toAugust,2014) 40 Figure 14 Wave height of Swan model & Wavewatch III data at Continental shelf2 (109.5, 12.0) (From June toAugust,2014) 41 Figure 15 Wave height of Swan model & Wavewatch III data at Continental shelf2 (109.5, 12.0) (From June toAugust,2014) 41 Figure 3.19 Extract wave data points as boundary conditions forGenesismodel 48 Figure 3.21 Wave height for genesisboundarycondition 50 Figure 3.22 Wave Period for Genesisboundarycondition 51 Figure 3.23 Wave Direction for Genesisboundarycondition 51 Figure 3.24 Measured and predicted shoreline positions using different transportparameters(12/2013) 53 Figure 3.25 Comparison of shoreline in model and measured datafor27/06/2014 .55 Figure 4.1 Nha Trang coastline evolution without protective structureoveryears 56 Figure 4.2 Nha Trang shoreline position overtenyears 58 Figure 4.4 Result of Scenario with three Breakwaters over10years 59 Figure 4.4 Nha Trang coastline evolution after nourishmentoveryears .62 LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Statistic storms directly influence to KhanhHoaProvince 15 Table 3.1 The default setting in SWAN and selection formodelsetting .32 Table 3.2: Parameters used formodelcalibration 36 Table 3.3 Root mean square percentage error with different cases for Nha Trangshoreline 54 Table 4.1 Shoreline change after year withoutprotectivestructure 57 Table 4.2 Shoreline change after years withoutprotectivestructure 57 Table 4.3 Shoreline change after 10 years withoutprotectivestructure .57 Table 4.4 Shoreline change after year after buildingthreebreakwaters 60 Table 4.5 Shoreline change after years after buildingthreebreakwaters 60 Table 4.6 Shoreline change after 10 years after buildingthreebreakwaters 61 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank to my daily supervisors Dr Nguyen Quang Chien and Assoc.prof.Dr Tran Thanh Tung for sharing their knowledge, providing their useful feedback, guidance, the time invested in me, advice and discussion we had during my thesis work Furthermore, I would like to thank to my family, showing their interest and unconditional support INTRODUCTION Study area Nha Trang is a coastal city and capital of Khanh Hoa province The study area is located at the vicinity of Cai River, the north is Cai River and at the south of study area is a breakwater of militaryport Nha Trang is one of the most beautiful bays in the world, one of tourist centers, famous resort in the country and the world with many beautiful landscapes, blue sea, many of the most typical ecosystems the coral reefs, many beautiful sandy beaches With marine tourism criteria at present the world is: Sun, Sea, Sand (3S), the Nha Trang Bay meets these criteria above Nha Trang has many beautiful beaches, the beach along Tran Phu Street with a length of about kilometers is the most famous beach Nowadays the city experiences new possibilities to earn capital as tourists are drawn to the area Many people come for the appealing weather, but the long and central located sandy beach is also making it an attractive place for leisure Figure 1.1 Nha Trang coast (Source: Google earth) Motivation Viet Nam has 3260 km coastline, 89 river mouths and more than 3000 islands Along the coastline are 29 provinces and cities A number of seaports, oil refinery plants, fishing areas and aquaculture zones greatly contributes to the economic development of the coastal and estuarineareas Beside advantages and huge potential, annually we have to deal with beach erosion, estuarine deposition and the Government had to invest thousands of billions VND to consolidate, upgrade sea dykes and to build coastal structure protection Coastline evolution process is very complicated, which varies in space and time The process is strongly related to nearshore hydrodynamic condition including tidal circulation, wind wave, wave-induced currents combined with storm surge Especially it becomes more and more complicated and stronger due to climate change and sea level rise On the other hand, due to the continuity of the longshore sediment transport, the coastal protection in this region will again cause erosion in other regions Therefore, it is necessary to perform coastline evolution prediction based on the bathymetry, meteorology, nearshore hydrodynamic for coastal zone planning with the aims of sustainable development and national defense ResearchScope Nha Trang beach section (300 m at the vicinity of Cai River) Researchobjective - The study aims to estimate Nha Trang coastline evolution using Genesismodel - Propose alternative solutions to protect Nha TrangCoast Researchcontent - Analysis on the coastline evolution of Nha Trangcoast - Modelling wave propagation from deep water to shallow water using Swanmodel