Doanh nhân thành công nhờ thiên bẩm hay nhờ luyện tập? Đó là một câu hỏi hiện nay vẫn chưa có lời giải đáp. Mặc dù một số người tin rằng doanh nhân thành công là do khả năng thiên bẩm của họ. Bài tiểu luận này cho thấy rằng các doanh nhân được tạo ra chứ không phải được sinh ra để thành công trong việc liên doanh kinh doanh.
ENTREPRENEUR: BORN OR MADE ENTREPRENEUR: BORN OR MADE This essay shows that entrepreneurs are made rather than born to be successful in taking business venture Firstly, knowledge is the basis all entrepreneurs need to build, maintain and thrive in their businesses Secondly, past experiences incentivize entrepreneurs to improve themselves and obtain new ideas for future projects Finally, entrepreneurs make the megahit in their careers through continual innovation, which is formed by cumulative knowledge and experiences The opposing view suggests that innate abilities and characteristics determine how flourishing an entrepreneur's career is However, personality traits are likely to contribute to the success of entrepreneurs when they grow in environments that boost their inborn characteristics The entrepreneur is an individual or a team who recognizes potential opportunities to start and organize their own business (Carton, Hofer, & Meeks, 1998) While entrepreneurship may include financial risks and encounter fierce competition, entrepreneurs are likely to take business ventures because they can reap considerable profits from their successful careers According to research from Audretsch et al (2015), the overall economic development of the small, medium, and large cities may be contributed to long-term entrepreneurship As a result, it is implied that economic growth and prosperity result from the entrepreneurs' success The first and foremost element that contributes to the success of entrepreneurs is knowledge This element enables entrepreneurs to make better decisions for their businesses since it shapes the business activities, drives entrepreneurs to innovate, and overtakes entrepreneurs’ competitors In the research from Jusoh et al (2011), market analysis/segmentation, human resources management, business law, selling skills, and leadership skills are the entrepreneurial skills that people who would like to start businesses need to corporate and organize their ENTREPRENEUR: BORN OR MADE enterprises As for entrepreneurs entering specific markets such as cosmetics or technology information (IT), specialized knowledge is as crucial as general business knowledge Additionally, education does not necessarily mean formal since many of today's people such as Steve Jobs, Bill Gates, and Mark Zuckerberg, who have succeeded in business, have not obtained formal education It is speculated that the knowledge from self-education may exceed the lessons at school Recent research showed that the proportion of entrepreneurs is higher among dropouts (2.41%) than among graduates (1.52%) (Buenstorf et al., 2016) As a result, knowledge is vital to entrepreneurs' careers, whether it is formal or not The second element that makes entrepreneurs thrive is the experience, which is acquired from long-term education and diligent practice Experience may be the achievement or the failure in the start-up progress, and be viewed as the self-lesson that motivates entrepreneurs to generate new ideas and get better performance the next time Research from Boso et al (2019) suggests that the increasing degrees of learning and better levels of attention to new entrepreneurial chances are two factors that affect how well new ventures function when learning from business failure experiences Moreover, entrepreneurs with more experience typically have the capacity to handle more information at once and grasp the overall picture, which beginners typically overlook (Zhan et al., 2020) As a result, extensive expertise will help entrepreneurs comprehend the broad view of the economy, and then forecast the upcoming trend in business to reduce risks as well as seize opportunities Innovation is the last key element determining good entrepreneurs In an era where technology and the economy change at an unprecedented rate, individuals who would like to maintain in this dynamic business environment should be able to identify a problem and provide ENTREPRENEUR: BORN OR MADE creative solutions in order to succeed It is believed that problem-solving is an innate ability; however, entrepreneurs have to apply cumulative knowledge and past experiences, in reality, to innovate the optimal solutions for existing problems A high correlation has been observed between innovation and entrepreneurship because any improvements in products, services, and production procedures will impact the productivity and efficiency of an organization (Johnson, 2001) Innovation also reflects the creativity of an individual and how that person makes extraordinary thoughts come true Without new ideas and methods of production, enterprises may face business failure by virtue of the alternation in customer interest and demand For instance, with Research and Development department, Apple Inc has met consumer expectations and satisfaction by investigating the current market and releasing new products every year (Heyward, 2022) Notwithstanding the aforementioned pieces of evidence which prove that good entrepreneurs are nurtured, there would be some innate characteristics contributing to the entrepreneurs' decision-making process and leading to the success of the entrepreneurs It can be speculated that genes are likely to influence an individual’s traits, especially extraversion and neuroticism According to research from Zhang et al (2009), Genetic factors affect women's inclination to become entrepreneurs, with extraversion and neuroticism playing a mediating role Moreover, the Big Five model, which evaluates the level of extraversion, conscientiousness, openness, agreeableness, and neuroticism, has a connection to entrepreneurial success (LópezNúđez et al., 2020) Therefore, it can be implied that inherited genes play a vital role in shaping personality traits and influencing individual behaviors ENTREPRENEUR: BORN OR MADE However, a response to this may be that only when the right environment is present the intrinsic abilities increase and come into full expression It can be explained that there are numerous factors that impact an individual's growth toward entrepreneurship such as family members, educators, and coaches in hobbies Social values are fostered in the context of the family, education, and studies provide the framework for the development of entrepreneurship, and hobbies foster the self-esteem and enthusiasm needed for pursuit of a passion (Römer-Paakkanen, 2009) Some people have divine traits such as a high intelligence quotient or leadership skills, but they cannot be entrepreneurs because they have not been educated by their family or educational environment from a very young age Genetic predispositions may have some influence on entrepreneurial and occupational decisions, but this is likely to be less than the impact of environmental factors (Nicolaou & Shane, 2010) Thus, if shared-environmental factors not support the available traits, the abilities are only partially expressed but not exceeded and they have not been the entrepreneurs This essay has clearly shown that entrepreneurs are nurtured to thrive in the business environment The main arguments given are that knowledge, experiences, and the ability to innovate result in the flourishing careers of entrepreneurs A counter-argument is that some inborn characteristics related to entrepreneurial skills would lead to the tendency to become entrepreneurs However, innate abilities tend to be expressed and fostered in certain environments Therefore, entrepreneurs are believed to be made by the aforementioned elements rather than to be born with innate abilities ENTREPRENEUR: BORN OR MADE References Audretsch, D B., Belitski, M., & Desai, S (2015) Entrepreneurship and economic development in cities The Annals of Regional Science, 55(1), 33–60 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168015-0685-x Boso, N., Adeleye, I., Donbesuur, F., & Gyensare, M (2019) Do entrepreneurs always benefit from business failure experience? Journal of Business Research, 98, 370–379 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.01.063 Buenstorf, G., Nielsen, K., & Timmermans, B (2016) Steve Jobs or No Jobs? Entrepreneurial activity and performance among Danish college dropouts and graduates Small Business Economics, 48(1), 179–197 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-016-9774-1 Carton, R B., Hofer, C W., & Meeks, M D (1998, June) The entrepreneur and entrepreneurship: operational definitions of their role in society In Annual International Council for Small Business Conference, Singapore (pp 1-12) Experience, Role Identity, and Entrepreneurial Creativity Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 46(6), 1469–1499 https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258720952291 Johnson, D (2001) What is innovation and entrepreneurship? Lessons for larger organisations Industrial and Commercial Training, 33(4), 135–140 https://doi.org/10.1108/00197850110395245 Heyward, C (n.d.) Council Post: Are Successful Entrepreneurs Born Or Made? Retrieved January 13, 2023, from Forbes website: https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesbusinesscouncil/2022/02/02/are-successfulentrepreneurs-born-or-made/?sh=7c3baaa34b44 ENTREPRENEUR: BORN OR MADE López-Núđez, M., Rubio-Valdehita, S., Aparicio-García, M., & Díaz-Ramiro, E (2020) Are entrepreneurs born or made? The influence of personality Personality and Individual Differences, 154, 109699 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109699 Nicolaou, N., & Shane, S (2010) Entrepreneurship and occupational choice: Genetic and environmental influences Journal of Economic Behavior &Amp; Organization, 76(1), 3– 14 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2010.02.009 Römer-Paakkanen, T (2009) The role of family background, education and hobbies in student processes of becoming entrepreneurs Jusoh, R., Ziyae, B., Asimiran, S., & Kadir, S A (2011) Etrepreneur Training Needs Analysis: Implications On The Entrepreneurial Skills Needed For Successful Entrepreneurs International Business &Amp; Economics Research Journal (IBER), 10(1) https://doi.org/10.19030/iber.v10i1.933 Zhang, Z., Zyphur, M J., Narayanan, J., Arvey, R D., Chaturvedi, S., Avolio, B J., Lichtenstein, P., & Larsson, G (2009) The genetic basis of entrepreneurship: Effects of gender and personality Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 110(2), 93–107 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2009.07.002 ENTREPRENEUR: BORN OR MADE