Một giáo trình tiếng Anh tương đối nâng cao, phù hợp cho các bạn ôn luyện thi các chứng chỉ C1, C2, IELTS (từ 6.5 trở lên), học sinh giỏi các cấp. Giáo trình sẽ cung cấp cho các bạn nguồn từ vựng, cấu trúc vô cùng đa dạng và khá khó nhai bởi giáo trình sẽ không có hình ảnh minh họa, chỉ chữ và chữ, nên bị khô khan. Tuy nhiên nguồn kiến thức của giáo trình này là vô cùng chi tiết, bài tập nhiều vô kể, mặc dù khó nhưng sẽ giúp các bạn cải thiện đáng kể về kĩ năng tiếng Anh của mình. Xin cảm ơn
RICHARD SIDE ann GUY WELLMAN GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY for CAMBRIDGE AND PROFICIENCY WITH Longman ADVANCED KEY # : RICHARD # SIDE ann GUY WELLMAN GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY for CAMBRIDGE AND ADVANCED PROFICIENCY Xà Longman eae Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies throughout the world www longman-elt.com © Pearson Education Limited 1999 The right of Richard Side and Guy Wellman to be identified as authors of this Work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the Publishers First published 1999 Second impression 2000 ISBN 582 41963 Acknowledgements Designed by First Edition Ilustrations by Noel Ford Cover design by Andrew Oliver Project managed by Christina Ruse The publishers would like to thank the following for their kind permission to adapt excerpts from original texts: Oxford Today (passage, page 29); The Independent, from article by William Hartson, 13.12.97 (passage on global warming, page 133); Newsweek 23.11.1987 (passage on twins, page 151); Quartet Books, from Sudan by N Worral (1980) (passage, page 153); Secker and Warburg, from Neither Here Nor There by Bill Bryson (1991) (passage on travelling in Europe, page 155); Penguin, from Citizens by Simon Schama, p.21 (passage, page 194) Set in Monotype Dante Printed in Spain by Graficas Estella Contents Syllabus map Introduction |_| Unit one Vocabulary 11 SECTION Possibility, probability and 56 16 SECTION Obligations 58 Exam Problem tenses Entry test 16 OVERVIEW 17 MB unit certainty practice 60 four 62 Present Perfect 18 Modal verbs SECTION Other Perfect forms 20 Entry test 62 SECTION Continuous forms 22 OVERVIEW + Meanings of modals 63 SECTION The future 24 SECTION I Intention, willingness, frequency, 68 SECTION Ability, permission 70 SECTION Special uses of should; modals in 72 SECTION I Vocabulary SECTION Stative verbs 26 SECTION Collocation: an introduction 28 Exam unit practice two 30 32 Passives 32 OVERVIEW 33 the past Vocabulary SECTION Frequency 74 SECTION Ability, quality and achievement 76 Exam Entry test habit HB unit practice 78 five 80 SECTION I SECTION Agents and objects with the passive Infinitives and -ing form passives 34 36 SECTION Structures with get and have 38 Subjunctives and Unreal Past; Conditionals SECTION Not using the passive: transitive to intransitive 40 Entry test 80 OVERVIEW 81 SECTION I Subjunctives and Unreal Past 82 Likely conditionals in the past, 84 SECTION Unlikely conditionals in the present and future 86 46 SECTION 4_ Past conditionals 88 48 Vocabulary Vocabulary SECTION Verbs we commonly use in 42 SECTION Phrasal verbs; verb + preposition 44 Exam practice the passive WB unit three Modal verbs Entry test 48 OVERVIEW 49 SECTION I_ SECTION SECTION Predicting True, untrue, possible: present and past Necessity, duty and advice 50 52 54 SECTION 2_ present and future SECTION SECTION Exam Metaphor Word formation: prefixes and suffixes practice Progress test 90 92 94 (testing contents of Units 1-5) %6 @ CONTENTS ME unit six 100 oa Linking clauses 100 —_ SECTION I ; Time and Reason SECTION Result and Purpose SECTION Concession 101 102 clauses T SECTIONS = Exam BB unit i Breeing or not 114 adverbs 115 SECTION I Adjective structures; adjective SECTION Inversion after negative adverbs or adverb? 144 Making comparisons Vocabulary SECTION _ Differences and similarities Sentence adverbs 120 122 124 126 unit eight 128 veseseessseesusbtesesenrssvasescensesssssecesssssaseuasesssessnsuecessssununeeesenesnanenenssononeee articles PB BỘ BỘ Bóng 0006 600010 9000 0000010 00-009 09 09 09 9080 6v and pronouns Entry test OVERVIEW 144 145 SECTION 1_ All, both, the whole, neither, either, SECTION Each and every 146 148 Ones, another, other(s), one 150 Quantifiers: much, many, a lot of, 152 no, none SECTION3 another, each other (a) few, (a) little, most SECTION Any, some, somewhere, anywhere, 116 118 142 00 0000 40 000 0 0000145045190 SECTION OVERVIEW and nh 112 114 Nouns practice nine 11 practice Exam II Ki K BI Bi Entry test Exam 140 OL e A Adj ectives and SECTION Compounds HB Unit 108 TT” SECTION 106 ; Expressing purpose and effect —————— SECTION 138 common phrases Determiners practice ; Singular, plural uncountable: 104 Vocabulary SECTION SECTION ~~ Entry test OVERVIEW Vocabulary 154 etc Vocabulary SECTION —— SECTION Exam HB unit Noun Amount and extent 156 Groups of and parts of 158 practice 160 ten 162 clauses Entry test 162 - OVERVIEW 163 SECTION I That-clauses 164 Entry test 128 SECTION Wh-clauses 166 OVERVIEW 129 SECTION To-infinitive and -ing clauses 168 SECTION Reference: this, that, these, those; 170 SECTION I Using the or no article 130 SECTION Singular, plural, uncountable 132 SECTION Adjectives and verbs as nouns 136 such; so SECTION Nouns from phrasal verbs 172 SECTION Lack, shortage and excess 174 Exam practice Progress 10 test 176 (testing contents of Units 1-10) CONTENTS MM unit eleven 182 Relative clauses WM unit fourteen 224 Verb complementation Entry test 182 Entry test 224 OVERVIEW SECTION I 183 184 OVERVIEW SECTION I SECTION 225 226 228 SECTION Words used with relative pronouns Omitting relative pronouns SECTION Nominal relative clauses 186 188 SECTION Vocabulary Reflexive and reciprocal verbs Verbs followed by that-clauses and adjectives Verbs used with prepositional and adverbial phrases 230 SECTION Reference words 190 Vocabulary SECTION Problems and solutions 192 SECTION4 Dependent prepositions and prepositional phrases 232 194 SECTION Expressing knowledge and belief 234 196 Exam practice 14 Exam practice 11 BB unit twelve Emphasis Entry BB unit fifteen test 196 OVERVIEW 197 y Fronting 198 Entry test SECTION Introductory There and It 200 OVERVIEW Emphasis using What, All and It malisadi 202 SECTION T Nominalisadon 204 SECHON4 Vocabulary SECTION Substituting one phrase for another SECTION ———— Intensifying and emphasising Exam practice 12 MM unit thirteen Reported speech Entry test OVERVIEW Ver © fomowed infinitive 239 OY nS and 240 SECTION 2_ Verbs followed by infinitive 242 SECTION Verbs followed by as 244 208 SECTION4 Competition, opposition, disagreement 246 210 SECTION5 Starting and ending: creating and destroying 248 mmm 212 212 213 214 SECTION Report structures 216 Vocabulary SECTION Quoting, reporting and 218 SECTION Communicating 220 practice 13 bs followed by Vocabul ary Tenses in reported speech Exam 238 206 SECTION I interpreting 238 Verb complementation SECTION I SECTION ————— 236 222 Exam practice 15 Progress test (testing contents of Units 1-15) Key 250 252 257 Syllabus a Unit map one Grammar Present Perfect Present Perfect with other tenses; idiomatic phrases Problem tenses Other OVERVIEW Perfect tenses; continuous > Vocabulary Perfect; future Future forms; will in time and if-clauses; common phrases to refer to the future verbs Uses in Continuous Collocation Meaning; and non-Continuous tenses fixed and open; grammatical forms two Grammar Agents and objects Mention of agents; verbs with two objects; limitations of passive Passives OVERVIEW Form, The Stative |œ Unit tenses Dast Derfect / Future Continuous Perfect Continuous; Past Continuous for plans, polite requests; Continuous infinitives; Perfect Continuous passive tenses; the future a Perfect Perfect infinitives and -ing forms Passive and reasons for using, infinitive Infinitives after certain passive verbs; K» Transitive to intransitive Changing subject without using passive; meanings of ergative verbs I ¬ Get and HS the passive Vocabulary and passive infinitives; report verbs have Causatives; Get + -ed; I’ve had my car stolen, etc Verbs common in the passive Verbs with no agent; -ed adjective or passive?; prepositions with passives; phrasal verbs Phrasal verbs Prepositions and particles; position of object; prepositions after passives a Unit three Grammar Predicting Certainty; possibility; expressing opinions Truth and possibility True / untrue; expressing opinions; giving reasons; expressing annoyance Modal verbs OVERVIEW Basic grammar, main uses Necessity, 1; alphabetical list fu Vocabulary~ duty, advice Must, have to, should, needn’t, don’t have to etc.; other verbs for necessity and advice iS of modals of modals Possibility, probability, certainty Likelihood: bound to, etc.; improbability Obligations Legal / institutional, moral, personal obligations; freedom of choice BB unit four Grammar Intention, frequency, habit Intention / refusal; offers / requests; frequency Modal verbs Ability, permission Can / Could v was / were able to; theoretical possibility; OVERVIEW permission; register Main uses of modals 2; key difficulties with meanings ‘ Should; modals in the past Special uses of should; modals in the past; | Frequency Adverbs and phrases; adjectives; habits and trends modal Perfects Ability, quality and achievement Dependent prepositions; collocation; connotation; metaphor SYLLABUS MAP HB unit five Grammar Subjunctives and Subjunctives Unreal Past; Conditionals Likely and Unreal conditionals Past Present and Past subjunctive; Unreal Past Verb forms; will / won’t in if-clauses; mixing time references; false conditionals Unlikely conditionals Verb forms; would in if-clauses; If are to / were to Past conditionals Verb forms; would have would have; omitting if, etc OVERVIEW Subjunctives; Unreal Past; conditionals; when and if, In alternatives to if Metaphor Compound adjectives and nouns; single words; idiomatic phrases Prefixes and suffixes Changing meaning; prefixes in non-existent words; suffixes and part of speech; suffixes changing meaning HB unit six Grammar Linking clauses Time Result OVERVIEW Types of clause; reasons for Unit and Time Purpose clauses: Ever since, etc.; Reason clauses: because, etc Result clauses: so, etc.; Purpose clauses: in order to, etc unexpected contrast |» Purpose or Vocabulary Reason Concession clauses Position of linking words; background information; use; position || and and effect Purpose / intention; result, cause and effect Agreeing or not Not giving in; weighing things up; giving in seven Grammar adverbs page 114 Adjective structures Adjectives after nouns; structures after adjectives; Adjectives and late, lately, etc Inversion After negative adverbs; uses Making comparisons Comparatives; similarities; double comparatives; OVERVIEW Position of adjectives and adverbs; preferences; as / like; adverbs from as if / though adjectives; adverbial phrases > Vocabulary Differences and similarities Collocation; synonyms; linking phrases; idiomatic phrases Sentence adverbs modifiers; Definition; uses HB unit eight The Nouns and OVERVIEW Singular, plural, uncountable Always plural; uncountable with -s; collectives; There is / are; uncountable / countable [ve Vocabulary without articles; Classifying Referring to groups: plural, the, a/an; special groups | other determiners always singular; nouns Adjectives and verbs as nouns The unemployed, the supernatural, etc.; gerunds with / without the Singular, plural and uncountable Common phrases: on foot, in all weathers, etc |® the, or no article; article The with nouns [wn Countable / uncountable: a/an, or no general or specific: adding the | Grammar articles Compounds Noun + noun; adjective + noun; adjective + adjective; other combinations aa SYLLABUS MAP || Unit nine Grammar and pronouns Determiners OVERVIEW Pronoun v determiner; using determiners together; singular, plural, uncountable; common phrases a Unit page 144 I all, both, the whole, neither, either, no, none Uses; common phrases Each and every Differences in meaning / use; singular / plural; Any, some, somewhere, Amount and extent Extent and degree; words expressing quantity Groups of and parts of Describing groups; informal phrases; collocation common phrases One and another, other(s), one another, each other Uses; common phrases = im : ; Quantifiers: much, many, (a) few, etc Articles; use in negatives / questions; anywhere, etc Uses; common phrases page Noun clauses OVERVIEW Definition; types; position Unit phrases ten Grammar To-infinitive and -ing clauses Sentence position; differences; adding subjects; common phrases Reference: this, that, these, those; such; so Time / distance; referring back; common phrases Nouns from phrasal noun v phrasal verb Lack, shortage and verbs Position of particle; transitive / intransitive; excess The haves; The have nots eleven Grammar page 182 Relative clauses Words used with relative pronouns Prepositions; relatives after pronouns / determiners / wh- words OVERVIEW Defining / non-defining; Omitting of pronouns Nominal relative pronouns Definition; uses; followed by to-infinitive; what before a noun; contact clauses relative descriptive clauses pronouns When to omit; replacing clauses; je relative pronouns; position Vocabulary 162 That-clauses After nouns / adjectives / report verbs; as subject; omitting that; comparison with relative clauses Wh-clauses Uses; with prepositions; with infinitives; whether and if, exclamations Reference words Types of reference: specifying, arranging, focusing, etc Ju || formality; common Problems and solutions Facing problems, collocation; idiomatic phrases finding solutions, etc.; SYLLABUS mg Unit MAP twelve Grammar Emphasis Fronting Definition; uses; fronting noun clauses; introduction phrases Introductory OVERVIEW There and It Dummy subjects; it + clause / + report verb; referring forward Emphasis using What, All and It What / All I am going to is etc.; It was Tim who ran into the office Stress / intonation; stronger words; repetition; sentence adverbs; passives; other Nominalisation |® | grammatical changes Definition; uses; have a talk, make a comment, etc Substituting one phrase for another Using adverbs / nouns / adjectives/ phrases; multiple changes Intensifying and emphasising Adjectives; collocation; adverbs of degree; exaggeration; adverbials, etc Unit thirteen Grammar Reported speech | a changes; in reported IN Report structures Types of clause; infinitive and -ing; impersonal reports; summarising; personal comments orders / questions; te WekNe flexible changes Joo Vocabulary speech Tenses of report verb; reporting past / present tenses; reporting modal verbs OVERVIEW Grammar / vocabulary Tenses Quoting, reporting and interpreting Referring directly; doubting; interpreting Communicating Ways of speaking; phrasal verbs; idiomatic phrases page 224 Grammar Reflexive and reciprocal verbs Use; verbs always / commonly reflexive; meaning changes Verb complementation Verbs OVERVIEW ju H> Transitive / intransitive; structures after verbs; link verbs adjectives Verb + that-clause; Dependent prepositions Verb / adjective / noun + preposition; prepositional phrases Expressing knowledge and belief Collocation; common phrases fifteen Verb OVERVIEW Ịm Grammar complementation page 238 In Unit [ps R» Using two verbs; preposition + -ing Verbs followed by ing or infinitive Differences; perfect -ing; verb + -ing or bare infinitive Verbs followed by infinitive Verb + to-infinitive / to be / Perfect Infinitive/ bare infinitive; for + object I | + that-clauses and verb + describing noun / adjective Verbs + prepositional / adverbial phrases Verbs of movement / position; verb + phrase / + adverb / + way Verbs followed by as Defining a role or function; as + noun / adjective; defining objects; similar structures Competition, prepositions opposition, disagreement Collocation; word formation; Starting / ending; creating / destroying Common phrases; phrasal verbs ANSWER d Once the reasons for his resignation are out in the open, we'll be able to judge for ourselves e | have high hopes of my son being a hugely successful businessman f You have to learn to take the rough with the smooth (or: You can’t expect to have a smooth run all the time.) a four-storey building the price of gas gas prices the water’s edge a stone’s throw a/the car door a/the shirt button a ten-year sentence the end of the world a frying pan an apple core the heart of the matter a moment’s hesitation the seabed a coat of paint (at) arm’s length (by) a hair’s breadth the film’s popularity the story of the film the corner of the room a steel bar the car industry a 200-page book a book-club a university degree the sea-shore (underline:) 1c 7b 8c 2a 9a © (1) change (1) 1the 7a 13% 24% 3¢% 14 the (circle)1C 7B 8A 2A b (2) (1) a 3b 4c 4a 10% 3B every one none (2) few (4) who c once in (3) something (3) most (4) fair / good 5d 6a 16 neither SECTION (4) layer check a is/are (13) drain Sthe 11 The 12 in (20) the 4A 5C 68 a | think my elder sister has designs on taking over the family home when my mother dies b | think it would be in your interests in the long run to negotiate a lower price c The current national team is by no means as good as the one five years ago c are d are/is e is a All chocolate comes from cocoa beans b Both ordinary and white chocolate are made from cocoa butter c There are very few people who like neither of them d I have no particular preference: I'll eat either e Yesterday, in fact, I ate (the whole of) a 400 gm bar f My friends bet me I couldn’t eat all of it g None of them believed I could it and not be sick h Chocolate is eaten all over America/ over the whole of America i All people love (or: Everybody loves) chocolate j For all we know, chocolate may be the elixir of life (1) whole (5) all (2) all (6) none (9) neither (12) either (15) Neither (18) neither (3) both (7) all (10) none (13) both (4) both (8) all (11) Both (14) whole (16) either (17) All (19) both (20) no a every other b each e every f each g each i bit j now a Each e Every © b every f Every c each (2) all (3) every (6) whole (9) every (13) Each (17) every I b have c Each/ Every d every a every D cach — c-eaeh d e Every cack f-eteh g cách h — — (5) All Practice 6of a every b Each e every/ each (1) every a seem to be getting b by any c tosome_ d arriving (at) any SECTION (3) away 10A (3) whole (19) ban 9D 4both 5W 9either 10w 14 whole 15 oO (1) its (2) The (3)a (4a (5) its (6) the (7) species (8) good (9) of (10) extreme (11) the (12) animals/ bears (13) habitat (14) natural (15) a (16) record (17) signs (18) evidence either Practice (2) they (1) other (4) one No (12) rock 9to BẢO 0A0 0000000 000094002200 0000 000606 practice 8a DU Đ Ho Đ a bit as good d right to (14) flower (15) cleaner (16) line/ worker (17) alarm (18) machine (19) dryer (20) freezer Exam ĐO Entry test (5) effect (6)CD_ (7) phones (8) satellite (9) service (10) control (11) computer 2the @ check >9 10a (2) day lof 6of 7all neither llal 12w _ 13 both KEY (10) no (14) all (18) no chas d ofen h every (7) each (11) none (15) none (19) each d Every (4) all (8) every (12) every (16) All (20) No (1) every (2) bit (3) each/ every (4) each/every (5)so (6) of (7) every (8) every/each (9) just (10) while SECTION check (tick:) a pronoun b determiner ¢ pronoun d determiner / pronoun e pronoun Practice a ones b another e the other f one h another c others d another g one another (1) other (2) other (3) other (4) another (5) other’s (6) others (7) another (8) others (9) other (10) another (1) one (2) one (3) the (4) another (5) others (6) each (7) other (8) another (9) one (10) none lone 2the 3the 6one 7The 8w ll other 12w other another 9of 10W 273 Answrn kry SECTION a all b some/about c any d any eis f other g anyone /someone check d SECTION Practice Pre-practice a Much of Holland is below sea level b Not many people know much about him ¢ Don’t hurry: we have a little time left before we have to leave d Most people complain about the weather here e Quite a few people came to his party f He’s had a lot of good luck in his life g I’ve been to visit him many times/ many a time h We've put in a good many hours to get this work finished (1) much (5) little (8) Most (2)many (3)lot (4) most (6) much/most (7) make (9) plenty (10) little /no as (before ‘again’) 4much littl 9many 10few 137 14all of the 6less 15W 7% 11 the the 12 quite Practice a the proportion of men to women b a substantial/ fair / enormous amount of (or: volume of) c the high /light volume of traffic (or: amount of) SECTION 7b d ( by any chance?) 0® a an b some c any d some e nowhere f any g anything else / something else h any/some i Any j any (1) some/about/around (10) most / many / some 6anyone 14 some llelse 3d 4c 5a 2any 7else 3some 8more 12nearly nobody 94 13 any 7c 8b 9d 3d 4c dsize hv ev 5b 6c Pre-practice 3a 4d 5a 6d lanything 2too 3much 4so 5W 6bit 7% 8other 9lot/bit 10w 11W 12the 13% 14many/some/ most 15 much 16 Neither 17 few/ many (circle) 1C 2C 3A 4B 6B 7A 8D 9A 10B 12C 13D 14B 15C 5D 11D of the changes had been sold/had gone d is expected to go wrong at tomorrow's tournament (7) extent / degree (10) weight 2c 10c practice approve(s) av bwW ce faherible g¥ 2b (underline)1d b right to be upset c (the) tickets for the Saturday matinee (1) few (2) supply / stock (3) incidence (4) loads la d lunch a of the people | have contact with 6b (11) sum 7a 8d SECTION (2) any (3) no one/nobody (4) broadcast/ included (5) at (6) everyone (7) those/any (8) anyone (9) any 1something 2a (8) number (9) amount sunlight 8b (6) full Practice 10 any i to such an extent that j a strict immigration quota k the crime / unemployment / exchange rate agree up to a point (circle:) 1c b fluc f grass team of slice of drop of column of ballof column of spurt of spot of troupe of 10 drop of Exam (5) large / great / (certain) check a (Few of ) (or: extent) a high / significant incidence of the disease o a load of bricks / complaints c much of that play d time I’ve thought of giving up and leaving e many of my friends feel the same as I a bread e paper (1) shock (2) torrent (3) stream (4) bout (5) drop (6) dash (7) stack (9) amount (10) trace (8) stroke n adequate / ample / vast reserves of coal a is known about her private life 5W a wide / narrow margin of error pay a nominal/lump sum sell the entire / complete stock of to some /a marked /a considerable ma tragedy of huge /immense proportions b a gardener, I’m afraid 274 2¢ degree e lsnow strawberries bread children ideas salt paper grass actors 10 question 1d Đ Practice e you have to is ask if you come against any unforeseen problems aapart basmallamount c apart dagroup e speed of movement f apart g example or part of an uncountable noun h a mass 2a knob dash b pinch up f my brother nor | is/are old enough (1¬ b 0A (tick:) a mãn CN - to drive the most of the boss’ absence domestic problem has been caused redundancy by (2) few ( 1) anything (5) few ( 4) amount / strips ( 8) areas /regions (3) numbers (6) not (7) a (9) all (10) or (11) plenty / bits /scraps (13)in (14) either ( 12) rubbish (16) chance (17) none ( 15) other (19) the (20) both ( 18) another ANSWER Practice © a c e h Entry test (1 ) expected (2) That (4 ) that (5) l (1 ) what (2) how (3) (5 ) whether / if (1 ) To (2) for (3) to (5 ) saying /insisting etc (3) fact to © (4) whether (4) have ) been (4 (3) These (2) those (5) such ) such SECTION I check a that we’ll all the preparations b he didn’t it c it was a waste of time d that they'll succeed the first time e That he is here at all Practice © a a@tidierte e comfortable b factual c teget f/ (cross out:) ¢ (cross out:)b dv g a my experience that people have completely distorted views about the European Union b certainly possible that we'll get there in time c an old tradition that new members have to buy the first round d that my brother completely forgot about my birthday upset me e ridiculous that William believes in ghosts f was believed that the new government would make radical changes g answer was that they are / were not going h is that the company runs at a loss QJ ()H QE (8)F SECTION check co 3)B (9)G 41 (10)C @)D A whatyou b how serious/ grave / bad which from d to turn know how f whether it g whata Whether you a The landlord demanded to know how much damage had been done at the previous night’s party b The book-keeper asked for consideration to be given to how much the venture would probably cost c The board was unable to agree on who was the best person for the job d No one seems too sure as to how often earthquakes occur / happen in the area e The police need to establish how fast the vehicle was travelling at the moment of impact f The weight of the package obviously determines the postage required g I wonder what the relationship is between Peter and Anne (or: what Peter and Anne’s relationship is.) h Do you happen to know the departure times of trains from here to Edinburgh? i I'd be interested to find out the strength of her interest in / desire for the job upsetting visit f to doing h getting j e we go is up to you f what I can/could only describe as an appalling crime (or: a crime (that) I can / could only describe as appalling.) g that he looked very /so well h we go there again or not, it’s a good restaurant a b c d e f g h i j to come to England coming to England to come to England come to England coming to England to come to England come to England coming to England coming to England coming to England (1) regret onishow b be released / freed down to the fact (that) d away a to avoid/ prevent prisons/ gaols (from) with g to make the h be done SECTION (7) delight © a moving, tobe b to leave, (8) broadening (11) managed comments (15) protest (16) Being (12) accused (13) pride (17) entitles (20) (14) claims/ (18) plans (19) subjected sue SECTION check a Such b That c Thatis dso e so Practice © eso b such f such c those g this h so 1b 2a 3d 4e Sc 1b 2c 3a 4e 5d d these (2) Such (3) so (4) those (6) this/that (7) those (8) that (10) As (11) that/this (12) so (14) so (15) this (16) those/ these (17) as (20) that c toleave, geting (6) made/ (10) agree (1) those (5) That (9) such (13) that (cross out:) d (3) pleasure (5) resented (9) objected check (2)intend/plan (4) enjoyed a That a c e f e to follow/on following, to inform, enrolling g to bolt, shouting, to have i to stay, of tuning, to a the plot wasn’t a problem for me b to shoot the hostages if food wasn’t sent c to go to the USA doesn’t crop up (or: present itself/ arise) very often d wonderful seeing you (or: to see you) again after all this time e to understand everything she said was hard / difficult (or: was not easy) because the subject was so difficult f getting such a good job is brilliant forced a made me really angry is/ was that he didn’t even phone me at Christmas b whether to get it finished now or leave it until Monday c a little unsure about /as to when our flight leaves d I should ask her or not KEY (18) so (19) this siting d to bring, of 275 KEY (1) Short Pre-practice 3a 4a 5b 6c 7c 8b a When you think our outgoings will stop exceeding our income? b The opening-up of out-of-town supermarkets is coinciding with many high street shops closing down c The collapse of those markets represents a serious setback to our prospects d Whose responsibility was the upkeep of the house? e We all agree that there will be an upturn in the world’s economy f He was given a walk-on part g The early breakdown of talks indicates an imminent winding-up of the business h This will provide quite a nice lead-in to the next section SECTION oe (1) hard-up (2) full (3) brimming (4) excessive (5) surfeit (6) surplus (7) Overweight (8) untold (9) unimaginable (10) overdid (11) fleets (14) need 276 (12) butter (13) wine (15) fraction heart of their problem(s) g ‘1 guarantee you'll want for nothing, the old man said to her h We seem to be suffering (from) a paucity of talented athletes at the moment a I believe that footballers are paid too much b At the moment we are not short of restaurants in this area c They /People are desperately short of vegetable crops in the north of the country (or: The north of the country is desperately short of vegetable crops.) d A few communities in the south have not got nearly enough to eat e She was denied nothing (or: Nothing was denied her / Nothing was forbidden to her) as a child f We are in urgent need of a stable government g What we could really with is someone with first-hand experience i The country is crying out for better education (or: a better education system / policy) j Each plate was piled high / up with food a b c d e f g h we are worse-off than were in need of cutting need for can live / survive / manage / cope / get by can look in a penny /any money / anything to live Exam practice 10 (1) that (2) so (3) how (4) fail (5) how (6) such (7) were (8) make (9) chasing (10) so a you to complain about the service here b she had financial problems only became clear later c a bit of a mystery that he believes in ghosts d really annoys me is my brother's refusal to even discuss the issue e learnt Russian in six weeks wasn’t bad going for Kingsley a We need to take into account how old the house is (or: the age of the house) when making our decision b If that's the way it has to be, then so be it c This factory needs to increase (its) output if it is to survive d Our outgoings currently far exceed what we earn (or: exceed our income.) e There was a public outcry over the proposed change to privacy laws 1D 8B 2C 9D 3C 10A .ƠƠƠƠỊƠƠ Unit 11 4C “nh ĐC 5A 666 6D 7A kênh e6 hen 9066 Entry test _— 2a a a j (takeovers) a We are in need of assistance from somebody like you b What he lacks in experience he makes up for by being enthusiastic (or: makes up for with his enthusiasm.) c The pay increase fell short of what we had hoped for d The company’s profits have gone up by nearly 100% e There’s no need for anything to be done about payment yet f (A) vitamin deficiency lies /is at the ~ i 10 a on/upon is what b they/he/she/you turned / could turn c was taken d cannot /just can't e fact / revelation/ f you like it discovery that he has g tothe idea h desire / inclination / urge to i how many j so it would SG d h (13) drop —~— — cl g5 (15) empty (10) hardship ~— b8 f (14) utter (12) scraps (12) why (11) getting / being (13) That (14) fact (15) getting/ (16) that persuading / teaching / training (17) lacking (18) proof/sign (19) carry (20) this /that —~— a Let’s hope there’s not another outbreak of so-called mad cow disease b Scientists should / could have recognised the problem from the outset c The symptoms become apparent at the onset of the disease d It is rare for there to be such a public outcry e Many still think the government was guilty of a cover-up f There was a favourable write-up in The Times about the latest government statement (9) lacking (4) lack (7) basic wWARIN Practice (3) dire (6) scarcity (8) devoid (11) bereft outgoings bystander breakout onlooker lift-off income walk-out freeze-up backwash a (break-ups) e (breakouts) (2) clear (5) non-existent with (2) result (3) none/few Those / Any / Students / Pupils how/why (6) that (7) that since ) he (2) ranging (3) capable ) thought/reckoned (5) to (6) ) coming / exploding / erupting etc he is precisely what we need in the office little rain we have had over the past few months didn’t last long c she had suddenly disappeared at the weekend d you want to live your life is up to you e invented the car is responsible for modern traffic and pollution problems ® SECTION FTP ANSWER ANSWER SECTION SECTION2 I check Practice Oe a whose (tick:)c de a what d which h What Practice a dates/ which (or: that) were suggested b a man/in (or: wearing) a pale c Children/ growing up in this d Houses /built a hundred years ago e an honest girl, / incapable of f The next pupil /to make g He’s the first rower to/have won four h The match, /seen (or: watched) by millions b which e that/which c that f which d who/that g whom h which a I met him in May, which is when I fell in love with him b A friend introduced us, which is how we met c He had the most beautiful smile, which is what attracted me initially d We g Can you recall what it was we were talking about last week? check a My sister, to/ with whom I am always being compared, (or: who I am always being compared to / with,) is actually two years older than me b His second symphony, which I heard last night, is not nearly as good as his first ¢ I'm afraid that under the circumstances there is little we can d Many people were hurt in the explosion, several of whom were standing a hundred metres away e She’s always open to new ideas, which is what I really like about her spent a weekend in Venice, which is where we decided to get engaged e We had a big white wedding, which is what I'd always wanted (1) that/ which (3) thought (6) Unable (7) an (8) who (that) (9) wandering (10) lost (11) feeling (12) which (13) that/which (14) to a majority of whom b,c ¢,d (16) making (17) dreading / postponing / fearing (18) to a broken b in c taken d answering / matching given e missing f containing were in pain a Joe wrote a best-seller in 1995, since when he hasn’t produced very much good work b Little he has written recently has been appreciated by people who were attracted by his early style ¢ He is a man in whom both appearance and manners leave something / much to be desired d In the late nineties he realised where his career was going, by which time it was too late e He now wishes he hadn’t written the article because but for that he would not have had all the problems he has 6a 2a,d 7b,c,d 8b 3c,d 4a,c 9c lod SECTION4 Pre-practice laas b with cto d to e on/concerning /regarding 2ato b from cby dat a those b what c worse e being f hand ein fin d enough Practice o (1) namely (2) focus (3) namely (4) latter (5) former (6) respectively (7) more (8) say (9) worse (10) the (11) cap (12) these / such (13) understand/fathom (14) On (15) terms (16) came (17) much (18) on (19) put (20) for a & what I was going to say c what you know who you know d (an ordinary relative clause) e ew when he said he’d call back e In terms of experience, Ian is obviously a stronger candidate than Mike f I ought to make it clear that two that 10 that 2¢% 3that 4.was what abilities 8what 9W 11 and 12that 13 w SECTION b purpose of which is to acquaint the general public with the facts c which point the theatre was cleared d whom you can borrow up to five books at any one time e witnessed the robbery were unable to identify the two men 5a,b,d a With reference to your letter of 19 October, we regret to inform you that we are unable to meet your demands b The first point to make is that such projects take time c During the opening half an hour, he attempted to assert his authority, after which he left the room d With regard to what you were saying about the garage, we are of the were (underline:) a,c,d 4a,c a,b,c (5) hoping b that/which c what e which f What g that i what j which (underline:)1a,d (2) that/ which (4) those (15) that/who KEY check b (an adverbial clause) opinion that no action is necessary students, namely rtastes o a where b whatever e Whichever Dimos and Maria, have failed to meet expectations this term f who c whoever g what d how h which a What she said was extremely rude b I can’t decide how to break the news to her (best) c Whichever party wins the election, nothing much will change (or: things will not change much) d I can’t decide how difficult the test should be e What knowledge I have of computers could be written on a postage stamp f This is exactly how / what I imagined San Francisco would be (unđerline) 1b 7a 8b 2c 3c 4c 5b 6b SECTION Pre-practice 1a reached d averted a hatchet e corner b struck c overcome e restored b corner c above d wall f eggs a unavoidable b incurable c indecipherable d irreparable e insurmountable f unfathomable 277 KEY f Ta âđ a He said that what I had couldnt be cured He said that there was no cure for what I had b This injection won't hurt (at all), I assure you You will feel no pain from this injection, I assure you g We'll no doubt learn how to overcome our difficulties We'll no doubt find the answer(s) to our problems h This pencil need sharpening I can’t write with this pencil, it being too blunt i This will only make the problem worse This will only lead to a worsening of the problem j Your direct intervention might lead to the situation being improved Your direct intervention might make the situation better 7c 8a Exam 9c 2b 3b 4c 5a lỌC practice 11 a a majority of them concerning the food b are a lot of people here who should consider a healthier life-style c which you will be paid extra whom you will receive your certificate e know what to say! 278 my wife, while | was doing keeping ) where (3) had (4) now (2) this (7) more (8) they ) h e (6) was ) h ad (10) who (11) breaking 2) which / that (13) in (14) who ) the (16) available (17) remained (19) to (20) as/it ) where 6b 2C 3C 9C 10B 15C b no real desire to go (or: no real interest in going) to the science museum at all c way (or: fact that) Tim is able to (or: ability Tim has to) create chaos around him never fails to astound me d surprising how far (or:to what lengths) he was prepared to go to achieve his aims e with universal condemnation (or: with condemnation from everyone) SECTION I check (đick)a b c e Practice presented / donated by an those who is / was where referred / who people refer 1D 8A 144A 4C 5A 6B 7D 11B 12D 13D a In through the window he burst (or: Through the window he burst in.) b In record time they crossed the Atlantic (or: It was in record time that they crossed the Atlantic.) c The first letter he destroyed d The second letter he put into his pocket (or: Into his pocket he put the second letter.) e On the table was the letter f That he was punished so severely is terrible g To imagine him failing is very difficult h That he’s done so well is perhaps not Entry test a the room me (underline:) 1d | met some research is when | prefer to most of the book- it ¢ It is regrettably impossible to reverse the ageing process Regrettable, the ageing process cannot be reversed d This dispute has gone on long enough It’s high time a solution to this dispute was found e You can’t back out of your parental responsibilities You can’t run away from your parental responsibilities f If anything untoward arises, just contact me If anything should go wrong, just contact —- YW eee aah © where DN unworkable unapproachable illegible incompatible unintelligible insoluble unpronounceable unmanageable uncontrollable 10 inscrutable 11 inconsolable 12 irretrievable i eee ooo a overcome b astohowto c away from your d mess of (her) e your head /heads in the f will/can be sorted voice is fantastic, plays there on Fridays is exactly what we were trying to avoid few suggestion there were for improving the working environment came from the boss rushed flushed (or: the flushed, rushed surprising Peter, looking hot and room, looking hot and Peter.) b he is opening (or: should open) a restaurant at his age is unbelievable c play tennis at international level is something | would love (to do) d having used software like this before is her problem e€ is incredible how my business partner can make money i How he got here so fast I can’t imagine j The problem is he’s useless a Many qualities are required in this job but what is absolutely vital is a sense of humour b The pizza is/was excellent but even better is /was the cannelloni Ivan has/ displays a (wide) range of a Practice linguistic skills but (what is) exceptionally impressive is his lettera wasn't until after six o'clock that Carolyn got here b didn't surprise me (that) we'd lost the match, c is no need for me to point out how late it is d has been a growth in interest (or: an increased interest) in digital television over the last year e unforgivable that they are so reckless a you need is b happened was (that) c who got round d was ona visit /my first etc visit e when | a much interest in stamp collecting writing d Water-skiing is exciting but more exhilarating still is parascending All the dishes are /were good in that restaurant but particularly delicious is /was the lasagne f All the (hospital) departments are busy but by far the most hectic is casualty oO ANSWER BeAVTX® e@ a Up went the pound and down went/ came the value of exports b In came the new technocrats and out went the old guard c In she walked and back came those old forgotten feelings d Off go the witches and on comes Macbeth ANSWER e Across went the ball and down/ over went the goalkeeper a That this happened is b It is amazing that she leave so soon c That she should want is amazing d Where he went after mystery incredible should want to to leave so soon the party is a e How he escaped continues to mystify the police f That you believe him I find incredible (9) Finding (10) (11) Neither (12) metres / yards (13) consider/feel (14) an (15) out SECTION check bF cB dX eF Practice oe a It’s b There’s e It’s f There’s i There’s j It’s c it’s d There's g theres h It’s k It’s it’s a It’s only just dawned on me what our director meant by that comment b It’s a pity you weren't at the party; you would have enjoyed it c It is hoped that this new drug will be a @ party a findit b meas consider it ditto among f it to c who think/find/ e believed / accepted a seems to have been an accident over there b good (that) we decided to come e f eC by train quite incredible how fast (or: the speed at which) young children acquire language to have been a terrible row when the mistake was discovered is no excuse for such behaviour to you which restaurant we go to it was / but lying about it f ata time like that (that) you realise who your real friends are g he tells them (or: the jokes) that’s funny, not the jokes themselves h the salary increase that made me stay on, a was d3 that g2 until b2 e1 h4 isthatl c3 that What f3 that but it was you SECTION check a What happened is that you chickened a A sharp fall in the value of sterling speculation about the b What she did is upset all her colleagues with her arrogance c How you feel after getting your results is how many others are feeling government's economic policy b The total eradication of smallpox the d Where you made your mistake is (in) failing to appreciate the (strength of) the competition e What attracted him to this job is having authority over others a Where we took him was (to) the hospital b It was to the hospital that we took him c The hospital is where we took him (to) a My GP is who(m) I went to see b It was my GP who(m)/ that I went to see The person who(m)/ (that) I went to see was my GP It’s the spices that are amazing What is amazing are the spices The spices are what is amazing It’s the location that was important What was important was the location c The location is/was what was success d It occurred to me all ofa sudden that we had been stitched up e It eventually transpired that all the goods had been stolen f The polls give every indication ofa landslide victory for the presidential d dX Practice a (8) question ¢ cC out, isn’t it (or: didn’t you)? ()is (2) point (3) What (4) fact (5) point (6) chance (7) behaviour aX check aW bX e he did that brought about his downfall, reaop © SECTION KEY important a £15 was how much I had to pay for the ticket b It was £15 that the ticket cost c The amount I paid for/ spent on the ticket was £15 a How young/ old he looks! b What is amazing is how young /old he looks c It is amazing how young/ old he looks © a what you know but who (you know) b until he took his hat off that I recognised him c only when she opened her mouth that I realised she was a foreigner d you are born that determines your accent, it’s where you spend your childhood direct result of an intensive programme of immunisation c It is a truth universally acknowledged a_ single man in possession ofa good fortune in want of a wife Practice © a size is the room exactly? (or: What is the size of the room exactly?) b is the speed limit on motorways in Britain? c would be your reaction if such a thing happened? d is your precise height? (or: What is your height precisely?) e is the distance from your house to the school? f is the weight of this package? g is his official standing / position in the firm’s hierarchy? h is the government’s official policy/ position / stand on capital punishment? a have f give b took g make c give h have d make e gave i took j gave a of a valid passport is essential/ obligatory for any traveller to the subcontinent b great / enormous influence on modern composers ¢ as no surprise to find the builders had already gone home d is a constant threat of violence in some large cities e what I said / my explanation totally unacceptable f was only a brief reference (in the article) to the problem of inner-city crime (in the article) g was unanimous approval of/ for the decision to implement tougher parking restrictions 279 KEY earnings e There is a distinct possibility that she will not make a rapid recovery from her illness f There is no need (for you) to make any payment before receipt of the goods g She suffers from (a) lack of confidence h I really had every intention of making effort this term, but I have met with no success SECTION Pre-practice a will inevitably b inadvertently a of inferiority b suffering from malnutrition a a painstaking investigation b accepted partial responsibility a The leaflet was distributed to all and sundry b My filing system is (completely) at sixes and sevens Practice © a c € g interminably scrupulously consecutively arbitrarily SECTION sheer: a,d both: b, f correct b d_ f h_ conclusively single-handedly prematurely concurrently a Asa rule of thumb, you can reckon on one bottle of wine for three people at a party b Even at the best of times, I find it hard to get on with my boss c Asa pianist, he’s lost his touch d I've got plenty of time on my hands now the children are at school e The rank and file don’t get the same food as the officers f I think we could try and make a go of this business g That woman drives me round the bend! h I'm no good at the cut and thrust of a debate i That car missed me by a hair’s breadth f g h Practice i o c one, very e unshakeable, supreme f comprehensive g crass utter h out-and-out, downright i compulsive, j consummate lehlmnuv 2acfgiqwx djopst 4bkr a The size of my opponent alone was enough to put me off b No fewer than 85,000 people turned out to watch the Cup Final c There is nothing unreasonable whatsoever about what they're asking of us d The party was an unmitigated disaster from beginning to end e You can pick up a pair of shoes for as little as £10 there f Are you suggesting it was the j outright, inveterate employees themselves who suggested the idea of a pay cut 3a,1 4f,k 5e,n 6gj practice 12 - e Pre-practice utter: c,e c d a pure, sheer b sheer d outright, out-and-out a ingenious b antiquated c unwarranted d cursory e cumbersome f meticulous g frivolous h an exhaustive 280 a There were no fatalities in the explosion b The fact that I am the managing director’s niece is neither here nor there c My teacher is always finding fault with my paragraphing d The boy was in floods of tears when he lost his favourite toy e The two lawyers worked in an atmosphere of mutual distrust Exam best (2) when (3) On (4) What problem/thing (6) thought / found there (8) identical (9) top as/though (11) That coincidental (13) what (14) on to (16) judgement (17) feeling it (19) rude (20) that ƯƠ — between our outgoings and (our) 2ijm lacutely downright bitterly blatantly supremely seriously fully conspicuously thoroughly 10 abundantly ¬ — xÌ ae paramount importance d There is sometimes a discrepancy a was an extremely far-reaching proposal b to enormous lengths to ensure their customers were happy c a striking resemblance to her grandmother at the same age d a depth of over 50 metres at this point e€ great inspiration from the Italian masters f severe injuries on the boxer 1b,c 2` N it a shock) that there was such a negative response to our proposals from the majority of members b The mayor has a reputation for taking pride in his appearance c Ina soldier, the qualities of bravery, level-headedness and obedience are of more I really don’t understand all the ins and outs of the controversy as a shock to me (or: I find o j a It has come intention of paying you before the end of the month my explanation(s) of what had happened totally unacceptable dislike of journalists stems from my distrust of their motives reply would be greatly / much appreciated a constant threat of violence in some large cities a rapid recovery from her illness a considerable expansion in the stadium's capacity more information about the programme schedules, {you can) write to the BBC was not being given credit for my achievements that persuaded me to resign ‘s/s an enormous relief (to me) that you're safe a It struck me she looked rather unwell b (In the end,) it turned out that we’d been in the wrong place all along c it wasn't until the following week that we realised what had happened d | have poor eyesight /My eyesight is poor as a result of the accident e The rank incompetence of this secretary meant that we lost/has lead to us losing heaps of invoices f Only his sheer determination enabled him to finish the race at all g As a rule of thumb, use three parts oil to one part vinegar h I've never been able to follow the ins and outs of the argument œ — ANSWER B B 2D 9D 3A 10B 4C 5D 6A 11D 12C 7A ANSWER KEY — ~ circle:) (3) (had become) 4) (couldn’t have been) 9) (had come) (7) (would sell) To WR were expecting some in sometime to Rita for shouting at her Tim not to get/ Tim that he shouldn't get so angry with people c was really grateful for all the help they had given him overvthe previous few days d to see what he could about my working hours if| would (agree to) help him on that (particular) job e "Fra f i j whether, if | couldn't get there that day/ on my birthday, | could (perhaps) the following day / the next if/whether | might be able to get the money by that evening not to tell anyone about it yet no intention of taking all my money he was not in a position to lend me any money at the moment, but that / though he would if he could on me/my going to stay /that | should go and stay with them for the weekend SECTION SECTION I a We'll be at the station by ten b I've got to/I must wash my hair this evening c Goa’s in Africa (you know) (It is, believe me.) d I spent my childhood in Australia (you know) (It’s true/I really did.) e I've given up studying English and I’m going to get married instead Practice h could, couldn’t ? (2) wished (3) hoped (6) thought/found (8) contributed (9) wouldn’t (4) had (7) had (10) called (11) didn’t (12) came (13) it (14) had/ maintained (15) could (16) would (17) appreciated (18) to (19) regarded (20) was a wants b whether c if/whether d to e e that she/he was definitely not resigning 2d that she wouldn’t be able to pick me up a why I didn’t have /hadn’t got a tax b was c had been d was/had been e didn’t come f hadn’t come g_ had ever visited h could take .that he didn’t care whether I went (with him) or not c if/that I knew when we were meeting next (underline:)1 a,c,d 4a,b,c 5c,d 6d being (made) a to tell the Tax Office everything if she didn’t hand over the would tell the Tax Office everything if she didn’t let him whether she really had / needed to allowed to (that) he had been unfairly have suffered unfair/ been subjected to unfair SECTION Pre-practice a d a e Rumour b spies c_ bird Apparently e Unconfirmed signify bread cdenote d dropping driving f Take Practice âđ (1) read (2) implying (3) putting (4) infer (5) Make (6) conclude (7) confirms (8) interpreted (9) jumping (11) assume (underline:}1d 2a 7a 8c 9c 10b aof b out fhead gin Practice disc a was going ? b wasX c had been X dwasX ehadX fhedX g was ? (5) which e what 4b (1) must a that he would be there (with them) in b to be there (with them) in a of employees being /to overtime (10) Judging check check next week c In Apple Core they /the man/ the woman said they only dealt with Apple Mac, so they wouldnt be able to help me d In Surf’n Byte they / the man/ the woman said they had something very similar but they couldn't guarantee that it would what I wanted it to e In Graphics Unlimited they / the man/ the woman said they thought there was a place not far from there where they might be able to help me and that a friend had bought something similar from them the previous week f In Softly Softly they / the man/the woman said | had been there a few hours before/ previously and they still didn’t stock them a = Entry test a In Softly Softly they / the man/the woman said they didn’t actually stock what I wanted but there was a shop down the road that did b In Disk Jockey they / the man/the woman said they normally kept them but they'd had a run on them and had sold out They / He/She said they oma) 13 om Unit a,b, 7b,d 3a,d 8a,d a of being the ringleader b to be leaving the country tomorrow c to be nearing £100,000 d said to have done more harm than good e has been hinted (or: is being hinted) that unemployment benefit may have to be cut 3a (12) quote 4a c through din e h up i at 5a óc tail a She insisted on my silence b She spread gossip about me behind my back c He made/ issued a categorical denial of his involvement (or: of any involvement on his part.) d The others paid no attention to his final demand(s) e When she took a strong line regarding his time-keeping, he agreed to toe the line f His announcement of the redundancies caught everyone by surprise g He kept on at us constantly until we just had to answer back h His merciless mocking of her resulted in her losing her temper SECTION Pre-practice mumble/ shriekX mouth/ roarX howlX purrd/ yellX at, to, in, as/for, from, with, on 281 KEY eon g cross a d f i j for causing / having caused so much upset Practice o h that it was extremely unlikely that | would be asked to give evidence i not to smoke while | was in the house a by going b denied that he c regarded / accepted / acknowledged roared b enquired c said with a smirk chortled e said under his breath snapped g admitted h shrieked chanted j hinted k stammered | declared (crce) 6A 1A 7B e of having 2B 8D 3D 9D a The teacher saw through immediately 4C 10A as 5C his story | can’t make head nor tail of what she says His analysis of the situation went (right) over my head The manager levelled most of his criticisms at his players’ attitude e | think most of her mistakes can be put down to over-enthusiasm f You are jumping to conclusions (which a b c d Can I fill you in on the latest figures? The actor suddenly dried up She couldn't bring herself to apologise She laid (specific) emphasis on the need for absolute confidentiality e I tried to talk him out of making any rash promises f I finally talked her into selling her collection g I couldn’t work out what he was driving at (3) out (7) touch (4) Refer (8) into (9) other (10) another (11) out (13) full (14) with (15) battle (16) match (17) down (18) with (19) into (20) round Exam practice 13 a a a persuaded not to study (or: dissuaded from studying) medicine by my uncle b me that my behaviour had been at best ill-advised that she was really fed up with all the fuss people had made over the past couple of weeks if / whether | would be able to give her a o if we couldn't go to America that / this year, whether (perhaps) we could / might the following / the next /next year f to lend me her car for a couple of days if | promised to return it by the weekend g is generally accepted (or: is accepted by most people) that something has to be done about over-population 282 b That noise is going to (or: will} drive me mad if it goes on much longer c Personally, | think his refusal to cooperate constitutes a breach of contract d He emerged unhurt/ unscathed from the accident (or: He emerged from the accident unhurt/ unscathed.) e | don't like to see so much machinery standing idle because of the recession (1) on (5) way (2) at SECTION (3) well (4) together I check eX bP Practice o a He blamed himself for the contract being lost b He busied himself with various mundane tasks c She prided herself on her reputation as an old dragon d He keeps repeating himself e If you want to run 400 metres in under 48 seconds, you'll have to exert yourself more (12) in G) seen/regarded / quoted (2) that (3) laugh (4) reeling (5) it (6) admitted / confessed (7) comparing (8) pointed (9) had (10) As (11) made (12) chat (13) according (14) not (15) dissuade / discourage lift in the morning g Their announcement caught us by surprise h My parents always turned a deaf ear to my complaints about my sister i Don’t beat about the bush j There is no way you are going to talk me out of going on holiday with her Unit 14 Entry test a They busied themselves (with) preparing the house for the visitors b The director always prides himself on taking time to listen to his employees’ complaints If you don’t want to join in, suit yourself/ yourselves (or: Suit yourself / yourselves as to whether you join in or not.) d You don't have to commit yourself/ yourselves (definitely) yet: think about it for a bit She drew herself up to her full height and looked down on us with contempt O (2) speak (6) on are ill thought through and incorrect) o (1) start (5) out a Ø a of b out c out dup ein f off g up hin i across j through k in Ì back n out o up pon qin d to be one a The contribution the stage hands made to the production went unnoticed a that the only possible cause of her illness was overwork b what method they used to achieve such a fine polish c to remain a surprise until the last moment d that my great uncle was/had been of African descent e fact that they knew exactly what they were doing f She drew herself up to her full height in order to intimidate him g You really ought to assert yourself in situations like that h They distanced themselves from the project’s failure Don’t belittle yourself — Don’t put yourself down so much Be yourself — Stop putting on an act Keep calm — Don’t get yourself worked up Stop kidding yourself — Stop deluding yourself Don’t push yourself so hard — Give yourself a break Pull yourself together - Get a grip of yourself wa aup bout c back d out f up for 4a point b Spit c syllable d confidence e words f plain h secret i shop j gab oa ANSWER (1) tell (2) let (3) Position (4) look (5) be (6) blame (7) allow (8) Ask (9) distinguish (19) control (11) put (12) rate (13) limit (14) make a We collided b We embraced c We fought d We made up e We married f{ We split up ANSWER a Icouldnt bring myself to tell her what had really happened b Of course most heating systems switch themselves on and off automatically oe ¢ I simply couldn’t contain myself when | saw them together d It’s very difficult to defend yourself convincingly against such allegations e You can all of you help yourselves to the fruit in that box f I could kick myself a creases easily b have fallen dramatically c (has) reacted badly d eat healthily e run smoothly f are rising/ have been rising steadily g behave badly h start promptly now SECTION check a verb followed by that-clause; the fact that b to-infinitive c adjective after intransitive verb d verb followed by an adjective, or by e wh-clause (9) h, k ()i @)aj G)fi (6)bn (Œ)o,p )g,m (8d,e SECTION 4a b (or: It is estimated that his fortune is) more than $2 billion (underline:) a,b,c 2a,b,¢,d,f 3a,b,c 4a,b,d,e 5a,b,e,f 6a,b,d,e 7a,c,e 8a,b,c,d 9acgefh l0abcefgi SECTION check movement way adverb object + prepositional/adverbial for bin b with at b under 1i 2h 9j lod 3f 4b Sa 6g 7e 5a 6b 12a (underline:) a,b,c 2a,b,d 3a,b 4c 5a,d 6b,c 7c 8b 9a,b 10C l1la,c 12a (bis possible) 8c Exam d against h of i of Jj over practice 14 a The director distanced himself/herself from the petty financial arguments over the film h andi Ô a incumbent b prone c intent d devoid e reminiscent f inclined g inherent h impervious i conducive j conversant ain b By c without e under f for g out iin with j out out (underline:)1b 7b 8d 2a d out h on 3b 4c Sd 6c SECTION b/ cX b You've got to face (up to) the fact that you are too old for that sort of thing nowadays c My husband prides himself enormously on his cooking d Everyone fell silent when he entered e She proved (to be) less reliable than we had hoped f The committee is comprised of senior management and representatives from the shop floor g All of us escaped unscathed from the explosion (or: emerged unscathed from/ after the explosion) h We made sure we were well positioned to watch the parade j Practice aX 4c shambles a about b about cin e in f over g against oe 3b lla a I have a firm belief (or: I am of the firm belief) that what students know should be tested in ways other (or: in other ways) than formal examinations b I was willing to believe that the taxi driver knew London like the back of his hand c We are in two minds as to whether to submit an account of what happened in detail or just a brief summary d After all this time | still have a working knowledge of French but I haven’t a clue when it comes to German e I believe wholeheartedly that blood sports should be banned f He is no stranger to situations when employees think they have a greater knowledge of how the company works than the boss does g I have no conception of how people will be living a hundred years from now h I couldn’t possibly know / have known that the party would be such a Practice 12a a Don’t rule out the possibility that he didn’t it alone b The fact that he’s never had a real father should be taken into (or: should be given) consideration ¢ The fact that he’s had fifteen different homes must / should not be overlooked d It’s of no importance that he’s of royal position (@)e,q a to (underline:) a,b,c 2¢,d 3a 4a,b,c,d 5d 6b 7a,b,¢,d 8a,b,c 9c 10a,c,d lla,c blood, but all the same e His fortune is estimated to be Œ)cr 1a from 2awith oe verb of verb + verb + verb + phrase e verb of (5)d Ge (10)j Ga @)h Pre-practice Practice a b c d @)f (8c a worked b find c lied d wormed e smashed f inched g dug h fought to be + adjective Q)b (Mk (underline:)1c 2c 7a 8b 09c lộc KEY i We must stick together in the crowd The traffic in front of us Gust) forward inched a yourself to another biscuit (if you like) dX cv fv gX hX b himself up to his full height, he passionately denied any involvement in the affair 283 Ss © ANSWER KEY ao ` into each other in Gloucester Green | (should) take / took a holiday captain represented the pinnacle of his career be one of our most hard-working (@a ơ@an 8đ U = «a supporters J the man guilty on three counts of dangerous driving to have been reached you responsible for the delays in utter /total contempt by most people 1D 2D 3D 4A Unit 15 bare infinitive to-infinitive (polite apology) object + -ing form -ing form Perfect -ing form 2d 3b g toleave “ itosay/ 4f † e.“ d e f g h i j (2) (3) recall it being N (6) ¥ a to appear before a Grand Jury b you to think again before taking such drastic action have been underpaid him to prove his alibi (or: provide proof of his alibi.) make me eat shellfish (or: induce/ persuade me to eat shellfish.) never to go near that place again as long as | live g say you think that’s funny This thing doubles as a mouse mat and a frisbee b That must count as one of his best performances this season His former colleagues denounced him as a charlatan and a freak The pretender to the throne was eventually exposed as an impostor The lecturer dismissed my point as (being) irrelevant / having no relevance The police are treating the (man’s) case as murder, 284 8h h to entertain / being given borrowing money from hair going learning (or: having learnt) coming to work having / getting your being led (or: taken) SECTION a 7g j lose, fallY (underline:}1a going 6e c on putting | remember 5a b to watch w d going bạck f to become w Entry test (4) “ (5) anticipate it getting (7) recommend ignoring (8) / a b c d e f a having seen the b having more 5B Tô + + + + + a to takev“ c meeting“ e towarn”’ 7D 8B GA 10C T1A 13A 14C 15D 16A 18D 19A 20B ÔÔÔÔÔỐÔÔ verb verb verb verb verb Practice le (circle) f help me ¥ /help me to ø need to h made to go v{ I check a b c d e © yourself / yourselves at yourself / yourselves if to be (or: to have been) in the to lie to make their extends / stretches / reaches as their way out from side to a number /a barrage /a torrent/a stream /a lot to gloss / skate 6C 12B 17B SECTION 2c 3b 4c to complete /finish to accept/ recognise me to is thought/ considered by to play for it to be a exercise (to be) a waste of time (or: that exercise is a waste of time.) b obliged to/ forced to (or: left with no option but to) retreat c for a relatively inexperienced candidate as / for their new chairman d for my next-door neighbour to look after the house while I’m away e to have understood exactly what is required of her f is thought by most people to be one of the finest actors of his generation g his good behaviour to be taken into account h me to go on a camping holiday SECTION check e is not correct (Right: Many actors become multi-millionaires ) 5b check a verb + to be b verb + Perfect infinitive c verb + for + object + to-infinitive d verb + bare infinitive e verb + object + to-infinitive Practice © a b c d e f g inspired to take up encouraged to enrol / apply / sign up decided to go proved to be claimed to have worked longed to act hoped (or: was hoping) to attract/ gain /come to h dare (to) tell a proved ¥ /proved to be / Practice e a She was described (or: People described her) as being happy and looking forward to the future b It’s difficult to categorise the film as a comedy or a thriller c I'd like you to continue as my assistant if you can d I (would) rate The Avengers as the dullest film I’ve ever seen e She practised as a doctor before she became a politician f The papers dismissed him as a liar and a cheat g In law, manslaughter is defined as killing someone without meaning to h His behaviour was denounced (or: People denounced his behaviour) as irresponsible i If you win the lottery, it doesn’t count as taxable income j The police are treating her disappearance as a serious matter b dared to ¥ c Do you need to ¥ / Need you ¥ d dared // dared to Y¥ e let us w a for b for cas de like fh for ias j as k for like g- ANSWER b In the final they came up against a We should be looking to promote the town as a centre of learning and culture b You could always enrol as an external candidate c His manner could have been interpreted (by some people) as arrogance d In several novels politicians have been portrayed as pigs e Having failed as a musician, Noel thought he would try his luck as an actor © 3c 8abc 4a,b,c 9b h We decided to get out of / away from the rat race and retire to the country ECTI ©Ib SECTION : SECTION a found competition b opposition j condemnation a b c d e f g h i j raise fiercely / violently coming up against / meeting fiercely / intensely / formidably brushed intense / fierce meet / come up against beat stimulate objections a The building development had to be abandoned because there was (or: abandoned in the face of) outright opposition from the locals 8c a to the journalist interviewing me (or: to being interviewed by the journalist.) b the Council to reconsider their decision c have been maltreated, d induce me to (or: persuade me to/ get me to/ make me) stand up in front of so many people say they'll get the message eventually, to think what will happen after the merger b create Practice d the competition (where competition h an objection i confrontation 7c F ¢ opposition g competitor / opponent 6a c evoke di initiate e formulate f pass a conjure up b arouse c adopt d embark e form f instil 1b 2e 3d 4a 5f óc a gone off b branched out c die out d dried up e wear off e a rivalry b competitors c opposed d competitive e rivalled / rivals © ws e competitive / opposed f opposed 5c Pre-practice Practice opposition 4a 15 +> c bitterly 2b cut-throat a competitive b opponent c rivalry d rival means ‘all competitors’) / the 3d 10b practice oO Pre-practice a 2c 9a few people recover from was the United out by (the use of) into effect the light of off the Exam asa 2a,b 7a,b,c a b c d e f BC @ „“ (anderline:)1a,d % 4c * ` obec , 5b,d lac , 6c,d 2b,¢,d 3a,b,¢,d 7a,b,c,d 8a,c ` O " (1) was (2) set (3) went (4) close (5) called (6) going (7) into (8) congtruction / constructing / building (9) bankrupt (10) ended / finished (11) failed (12) took (13) trading (14) motion (15) put j a This kitchen table doubles as the desk where | work b | count that as the longest and most boring train journey I’ve ever been on c The painting bought by the National Gallery was exposed as a forgery d Every contribution | made was dismissed as (being) unrealistic e He sought to play down the importance of the incident but (he) failed The plan to extend the sewage works came up against strong opposition from local residents g The twins vied constantly for their mother’s attention (16) death (17) breathed (18) given/ wound (19) getting/ waking (20) going a There is a strong possibility that many beautiful animals are (or: will soon be) facing extinction b No one welcomes the introduction of the new law c They seem to think the creation of a new supervisory body is (or: will be) the solution to the problem d The setting-up of the company was celebrated with / at a special party e These problems have only come into being since Jan stood down as chairperson upsetting him if you say the wrong thing as one of the worst films ever depicted in the documentary as a rather sad old man the outgoing chairman as a liar and a thief ¬ nà xP 10b,€, Danish side c Farmers have voiced (their) objections to the government’s new agricultural policy d They won the final match against Holland (or: They won against Holland in the final match.) e The building of the new motorway aroused a lot of opposition f The defence lawyer made a convincing rebuttal of the allegations (or: The defence lawyer’s rebuttal of the allegations was convincing.) g Their latest theories fly in the face of mainstream thinking f Only the demolition of those buildings can save this area g Our local MP lost his seat barely six months after he had been elected sa (uanderline) 1a,d strong competition from the KEY j a c f h j His welfare reforms fly in the face of conventional thinking Branching out into other areas of business was felt to be the way forward The company went into liquidation after failing to raise profit levels being referred b not having e say you having to d not to be as to apologise g me for as concentrating / focusing i in been consigned (circle) 6B 12B 17B 1A 2A 3B 4C 7A 8C 9A 10A 13D 14C 15C 18C 19D 20C 5A 11C€ 16C 285 ANSWER KEY Progress test p 9G (1) in (2) over (3) can/may (4) take (5) become (6) all (7) are (8) have/ need (9) is (10) expressed / displayed (11) repeated (12) forget (13) spans/ crosses (14) Built (15) swept/ washed (16) have (17) to (18) would/can/ could (19) must/should (20) top (a) have been reimbursed legal advice if we hadn't taken (b) well have run up those debts intentionally (c) taken / accepted the job | was offered in January, | would be on twice the salary (| am now) (or: be earning twice as much (as | am now).) (d) had / got my car serviced for a long time (e) have let me know you were coming (f) time | realised what was happening, she'd (had) left (or: gone) (g) ought to / should be planning our next holiday? (h) the first time we've had arguments with that particular harbour master Progress (11) like (12) Not (18) how (19) what (a) You shouldn't have taken what he said for granted (b) His choice (or: What choice he has) for further education is dependent on / upon his exam results (2O) the (a) near as badly-off as they were twenty years ago (b) time you arrive, the chairman will have (just) left (c) should be / were so openly hostile towards her proposal was difficult to understand (d) was the club owner extremely rich, he also became a media celebrity (or: did the club owner become a media celebrity, he was also extremely rich.) (e) we delay, the less likely (or: more unlikely) we are to clinch the deal (f) comparison between his work and hers/ her work and his (g) moment / minute we have received the we'll Jet you know (h) disconnect this lead in an emergency (or: in cases of emergency should this lead be disconnected.) œ to be (held) time | order not been better be / get sorted chance of (13) so (this is also possible) (14) so (15) though/as (16) signal/show/express (17) order to/ we remain fear she would have (or: fear of having) pleasure it was all / everything / what he has as to be (or: that | would be) ) have foreseen / predicted was/is >”23®22£® ao b) c) d) e) f) p 178 (1) some (2) herd (3) How_ (4) tuft/ clump/mouthful (5) what (6) each (7)such (8) so (9) that (10) as information, a) had been working test Progress test p 252 (1) founded/created (2) who (3) took (4) that/which (5) as (6) depended (7) which (8) would (9) to (10) from (11) what (12) as (13) It (14) where (15) calling (16) any (17) could/might (18) things/ phenomena/that (9) by (20) to (a) to his employees arriving late (b) as the gun went off, everyone started to panic (c) the best of my knowledge, this has never happened before (d) whose attitudes to work | simply fail to understand (e) using it (or: a language) regularly can you really master a language (or: it.) (f} the short of it is that Joseph's not up to the job (g) fact that management never consulted them that alienated the workforce (h) to think what might happen next ( a) ( b) ( c) ( d) ( e) ( f) have meant / involved denied having to appreciate is how was how she to die / drop dead off as (a) | couldn’t bear to watch the final scene and (I) had to turn away (or: The final scene was too much to bear and } had to turn away.) (b) She warned me against getting too angry about my in-laws’ comments (c) | know | don’t express myself clearly sometimes (d) Why should anyone pride themselves on the fact that they got (or: on getting) rid (c) If by any chance you are placed (or: you find yourself) under arrest, you don't have to say anything (d) The new minister seems to have a flair for fielding awkward questions (e) It is common for people to find their first experience of sky-diving rather sickening (f} Most of what he said was inaudible (g) They have been excluded from union meetings since their shocking behaviour at the last one (or: Since their shocking behaviour at the last one, they have been excluded from union meetings.) (h) Generally, school children comprise the majority of the audience (a) | faxed him in case he had forgotten our appointment (b) The present government's intentions are nothing like as clear as the last one’s (c) | am at a loss as to how to respond to their letter (d) It has often been said that the leadership is too inexperienced (e) We will of course make allowances for her comparative youth (f) He was driving at such a speed that there was no way he was going to stop (g) Ironically, the old model is far superior to the new one (h) | still see my old college friends once in a while, (e) | think (that) what upset me more than anything was his attitude (or: | think his attitude is what upset me more than anything.) (f) Would you believe she spent no less than £50 on her new hair-do? (g) The police are treating (the circumstances of) her death as suspicious (h) We shouldn't put too much emphasis on (the importance of) finishing on time 1D 8A 14D 19B 24D 1B 8A 14B 19D 24C 1€ 8A 14B 19C 24D 286 2B 3D 4B 5C 6A 7A 9B 10B 11C 12A 135B 15B 160 17C 18D 20B 21A 22C 23A 25D 2B 3B 4A 5D 68 7D 9C 10B 11B 12A 13D 15C !16A 17B 18C 20D 21D 22C 23A 25C of 200 jobs? 2D 3A 4C 5B 6C 7D 9A 10C 11A 12C 13D 15A 16C 17A 18D 20B 21C 22A 23D 258 GRAMMAR for CAMBRIDGE ano VOCABULARY ADVANCED SIDE ano PROFICIENCY ann WELLMAN designed for all advanced students an innovative approach particularly relevant to the Cambridge Certificate in Advanced English (CAE) and the Certificate of Proficiency in English (CPE) detailed grammar content clear presentation, and a wealth of examples based on the Longman Corpus special focus on vocabulary concentration on words and common in the exams lots of opportunity phrases that are useful in all papers to practise a wide variety of exercises to confirm understanding and prepare for the CAE and Proficiency exams, particularly Paper continuous testing in exam format a diagnostic test for each Unit and exam practice sections to check progress a flexible approach can be used in many different ways; clear cross-references point you in the direction of related grammar or vocabulary areas Also available for upper intermediate students: GRAMMAR IN LINE AND VOCABULARY WITH 1999 for FIRST CAE CERTIFICATE EXAM by Luke Prodromou SPECIFICATIONS ISBN O-582-419b3-8 Pearson Education www.longman-elt.com 3 HỆ