fa OOTHI cuoc SONG NGHE THUOT CONG GONG • • • Nghe thuat cong cong chinh la nghe thuat cua khong gian cong cong, no c6 the gan bo voi duong sa, cong vien, voi nhiing cong trinh kien tnic ma ta nhin th[.]
fa OOTHI cuoc SONG NGHE THUOT CONG GONG • • • Nghe thuat cong cong chinh la nghe thuat cua khong gian cong cong, no c6 the gan bo voi duong sa, cong vien, voi nhiing cong trinh kien tnic ma ta nhin thay Cu the hon, no la tranh tuong, tupng ngoai troi, cay xanh, be phun nuoc, cot dien thoai, tram to, ghe nghi tren duong phd va ca nhung phuong tien giao thong dang hoat dong Nhung doi tirpng nhu la cung song, cung hanh dpng voi nguoi, dem lai sue song va su bien hoa cho moi canh thi Nguyin Th| Lan Huong Khoa Kien triic - Quy hoach [ Truong £)H Xay dung A Tugng dai "Cay chdi viet" - Roy Lictitenstein Tugng dai "Nggn duoc ky ni?m" - Chris Booth (1993) • ghg thuat edng edng (Public Art) la mdt chuyen nganh rat quan trgng ddi vdi my thuat cung nhu ddi vdi kie'n true dd thj tif xa xua den hien Nghe thuat cdng cgng vdn khdng xa la gi ddi vdi cac nudc phuong Tay cung nhu cae nude phuang Ddng cd trinh phat trien nghe thuat eao Nghe thuat edng cgng bao gom nhieu pham tru hay nhieu ITnh vuc, dd la nhtfng khai nigm sau: - Nghe thuat edng cdng ngoai that; - Nghe thuat edng cgng thuy canh; - Nghe thuat cdng edng chie'u sang; - Nghe thuat cdng edng ndi that Da ed nhtrng hoe gia nude ngoai dat van de rang nghg thuat ban than da mang tinh cdng cgng, vi lai can thie't phai nhin nhan mgt each toan dien bdn ehtf tao mdt thuat ngtr la Nghe thuat edng cgng? Va hg da nghien cuu de tha'y ring d My, chau Au hay Nhat Ban thi c^i ten ggi cung mgt khai nigm nhung tiiy tung khu vuc, vung mien thi vin chua ed mgt djnh nghTa minh x&c Ching han nhu d phuong Tay ngudi ta ggi chung la mdt nganh nghg thugt cdng cgng (Public Art), edn d Nhat Ban cd lai la nghe thuat edng ddng (Community Design) Thuat ngti- nghe thuat edng cdng chang qua la de nhan manh tinh xa hdi va nhan manh tinh chat sir dung cua nghe thuat khdng gian edng cpng Vi vay y nghTa xa hgi eua nd rat Idn va dugc ed suy rat manh Da cd rat nhieu nudc cd tuu ve van de nhu d Phap, My, Italia, Dire, Nhat Ban, Lien Xo cu N Cac nha quan ly, hga sT va cae KTS tif lau da tha'y can thiet phai dap ung nhu cau xay dung mdt nen nghg thuat edng cong xay dung va quy hoach dd thi Nghe thuat edng edng eae dd thj d Phap, dae biet la cac dd thj Idn da tao dieu kign hudng thu eho nhan dan va cdn iam tang uy tin eua mdt sd dd thj eiia nudc Phap ddi vdi khaeh nudc ngoai Trong dd, d My nghe thuat cdng edng rat giau ca tinh va da tao nen each sdng thoai mai cho eon ngudi Nhat Ban, nghg thuat cdng cgng gay hirng thii cung nhu su quan tam nhieu ddi vdi vigc lam dgp mdi trudng, lam cho ngudi tha'y yeu men phd cua minh hon I .nghe thuat cong cong da lam cho rat nhieu khong gian cua thj tir lanh leo tror nen soi dong, tir tieu ci/c tror nen tfch circ va CO tac dung khuay dong cam xuc ngu'dri So 5-2011 KIENTRUC ORGVN fa DOTHt cuoc SONG Tugng trang tri "NiSm t u hao" Bournmouth Ne'u djnh nghTa mot each don gian thi nghe thuat cdng cgng chinh la nghe thuat ciia khong gian edng cpng, nd cd the gan bd vdi dudng sa, cdng vien, vdi nhtfng edng trinh kie'n triic ma ta nhin tha'y Cu the hon, nd edn la tranh tudng, tuang ngoai trdi, cay xanh, be phun nudc, cdt dien thoai, tram dd td, ghe nghf tren dudng phd va ca nhtfng phuong tien giao thdng dang hoat ddng NhCrng ddi tuong nhu la eung sdng, citng hanh ddng vdi ngudi Do dd, ta cung ed the ndi nd dem lai sue sdng va su bie'n hda cho mdi canh dd thj Mdt nhan td quan khae nghe thuat cdng cong la dieu khic Ddi tuong nghe thuat rat duac phat trien d cae phd chau Au No duac dat d nhtfng khdng gian trdng ben ngoai cac nha bao tang, cdng vien va duac danh gia cao Viec dat nhifng vudn tuong phd d nudc ta da gat hai duac it nhieu tuu d Hue cung nhu dOa Ning Rieng Ha Ndi, vudn tuong dcdng vien Bach Thao cung dem lai mot sd tac dung tham my ban dau, nhung sau dd y thuc cua ngudi dan cho nen vudn tugng dThii cang mai mpt di Nghe thuat dieu khic ngoai trdi d chau Au ed Ijch su phat trien ttr thdi cd dai, trung the ky cho de'n can hien dai NhQ'ng hinh thirc dieu khae thj rat da dang, da hinh, no tien bircrc qua xa so vdri dieu khae truyen thong va chung ta tam thori goi la dieu khae khong gian No co the la mot bp phan eua tae pham kien true, no eo the la mot tac pham dieu khae triru tirgrng, no gan bo mot each hu'u cor vcri moi eanh thj ma no di/grc dat vao hoac no sinh tir tren mat tu'drng cua tae pham kien true Vi du noi tie'ng nha't la tac pham dieu khic Cot Vo Tan cua Constantin Braneusi - nha dieu khic ngudi Rumani, sau dd sang hanh nghe d Phap Nudc My ddi cham hon cho nen de'n the ky XIV mdi phat trien nghe thuat dieu khic ngoai trdi d cac phd va nen nghe thuat phat trien rat manh cho de'n Cac tac pham dieu khic duae ggi la nghe thuat cdng cdng d My da dat de'n cao trao vao thdi diem thap nien 60 cua the ky XX, thdi diem ma Kenedy lam tong thdng Su phat trien ciia nd cung duac day manh them bdi nhtfng ddng gdp eua cac bang, cac phd, cac to chii-c xa hdi Dan dan nhtrng ngudi dan My cam tha'y eudc sd'ng dd thj khdng the thie'u my thuat edng cdng va nhtrng kinh phi danh eho ITnh vuc my thuat da duge djnh lugng hda Ta tha'y nghe thuat edng edng da lam cho rat nhieu khdng gian ciia dd thi tu lanh leo trd nen sdi ddng, tu tieu cue trd nen tieh cue va cd tac dung khuay ddng cam xiic ngudi O Phap, la 1% du toan xay dung cac kie'n true mdi da duac dung cho my thuat cdng cdng Ben eanh nhtrng nha dieu khae Idn vdi nhtrng tac pham noi tie'ng, da cd mot nha dieu khic Viet kieu la Oiem Phung Thi (Vien sT vien Han lam nghe thuat chau Au) da ddng gdp it nhieu vao nganh nghe thuat Ba da de lai d chau Au mgt sd tae pham khiem tdn cac trudng hgc va cac nha tre A Tugng dai OLympia (1990) Albert Palay Vao giai doan cudi the ky XX eae nudc chau Au lai rut kinh nghiem tif My va cho r i n g can phai quan tam nhieu hon de'n mdi trudng vdi ke't luan rang phai ludn ludn g i n bd mdi trudng vdi kie'n true Cung vao cud'i the ky XX, d mdt da't nude phuong Ddng la Nhat Ban da day len nhtfng eao trao nhu: "Sang tao nhtrng dd thi kieu mdi giau cae tae pham dieu khic, xay dung nhtfng nha bao tang eua dd thi", va "To chuc nhtfng cude du ngoan cung dieu khie" Nen nghe thuat cdng edng eiia Nhat Ban cd nhtfng tuu rat dang tu hao, nd cd phan dj biet mac du da chpn loc dupe nhtfng anh hudng cua phuong Tay ket hgp vdi nen tang cua nd la nen my hgc truyen thd'ng eiia Nhat Ban Oieu khae la la nd khdng nhan manh su tu bieu dat cua tac pham nghe thuat ma dem nghe thuat dat len vj tri eao mdt mdi trudng hai hda mang dam chat thi triet Khao sat nhu-ng tuu ciia cac qud'c gia Ddng - Tay chung ta tha'y nhtfng tuu cua nghe thuat cdng cdng that su Idn lao Ngoai nhtfng diing hay dd gd phd (City Funiture) dugc sang tao mdt each da dang ta cung nen ed nhan dinh r i n g ne'u chi dung don gian mot tac pham dieu khae ngoai trdi ma eoi nd nhu la mgt ye'u td ciia nghe thuat cdng cdng thi nhu vay cung chua dii NhQ-ng hinh thire dieu khic dd thj rat da dang, da hinh, nd tie'n bude qua xa so vdi dieu khic truyen thdng va chung ta tam thdi ggi la dieu khic khdng gian Nd ed the la mpt bd phan eiia tac pham kie'n true, nd ed the la mgt tac pham dieu khae triru tupng, nd g i n bd mgt each htfu ca vdi mdi canh thj ma no dugc dat vao hoac nd sinh tu tren mat tudng eiia tae pham kie'n true De lam mdt heu ke't cho bai nay, ehung tdi mudn chiing ta eung nhin nhan nghe thuat cdng edng la mdt phirc hgp gdm nhieu ye'u td: My thuat, Kie'n true, Dd thi Chung rat phong phu va can duge coi trgng viee day manh su phat trien eiia chung d mdi trudng dd thj Viet Nam Dd la nhtfng tae pham, dong thdi cung ia nhQ-ng mdn hoc ma chung ta cdn lac hau so vdi the gidi rat nhieu hoan canh chie'n tranh cung nhu nhan thuc cdn han che Vi vay, nghe thuat edng edng can phai dugc eoi la mdt nhung ddi tuong nghien cuu va sau nghien cuu bie'n ehung hien thuc cae dd thi d nudc ta vi vai trd ciia nd rat quan doi vdi su phat trien eua ngudi' va dd thi Viet Nam hien va tuong lai Tham khao: - VTnh Huy, Hong Nien, Public Art - NXB Kien true cong nghiep Trung Qudc - HOi Icien true su Ha NOi, Kien true va nguoi Ha NOi, NXB Xay dung, 2003 KIENTRUC ORGVN