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B A N V E D A O D U C M O I T R U O N G V A G I A O D U C B A O V E M O I T R U O N G 1 Khai niem ve dao dufc moi trUdng Quan Trong, mpt triet gia Trung Hoa co dai, viet "Nhat nien thu cdc / Thap nien[.]
B A N VE D A O D U C M O I T R U O N G V A GIAO DUC BAO VE M O I T R U O N G BUI DUC TU Trung tam KTTH-HN Phan Rang, tinh Ninh Thuan Khai niem ve dao dufc moi trUdng thudng tinh, vi hp cho rang tu nhien chi la thQ vo tri, Quan Trong, mpt triet gia Trung Hoa co dai, viet: vo giac va ngUdi duoc tao hoa ban tang quyen "Nhat nien thu cdc / Thap nien thu moc / Bach nien khai thac thoa thich moi trUdng nhu cac loai dpng thu nhan /Thien nien thu dufc" Nghia la, vdi ke nam vat tren hanh tinh Luong thQ hai coi ngudi va tu thi cay luong thuc, vdi ke 10 nam thi cay nhien la mpt tong the cua sQ song, khong the tach xanh, vdi ke 100 nam thi cham lo giao due va vdi ke rdi giQa chat lUdng moi trUdng, Trai da't vdi sQc khde ngan nam thi quan tam den dao dQc Khai niem dgo cua nhan loai ddc co nguon goc tQ chQ Hy Lap ethos, dUdc hieu la Luong "xanh nhat"cd nguon goc co xUa nha't Con nhQng dQc tin, thai dp, chuan mQc the hien d each ngudi coi viec khai thac tai nguyen de lam giau la mpt Qng xQ trd nhu thoi quen cua ngudi le dUdng nhien Chinh dieu da mang lai sU thinh Ban chat cua ngUdi la tong hoa cac moi quan vUdng va van minh cho ca loai ngUdi tQ bao nhieu he xa hpi (K Marx), dieu khong co nghTa la the ki trUdc.Tuy vay, den nay, ma hiem hoa ngUdi khong co cac moi quan he vdi tu nhien, vi tU sU khai thac, triet pha thien nhien cua ngudi ngUdi chinh la mpt thuc the tu nhien, mpt thuc the dang mpt de doa chinh sQ ton vong cua loai sinh hpc Ne'u nhu nhQng dQc tin, thai dp, chuan mUc ngUdi va ca sU ton vong cua Trai da't, thi van de dao dieu chinh cac moi quan he xa hpi giQa ngUdi dQc moi trUdng mdi dUdc dat va tQng budc dUdc vdi ngUdi gpi la dao dQc xa hpi, thi nhdng ddc quan tam tren toan the gidi Dao dQc moi trudng xay tin, thdi dp, chudn mUc dieu chinh moi quan he gida dUng tren cd sd luong nhan thQc"xanh dam" ngUdi vdi tu nhien duoc ggi la dgo ddc moi trUdng Gia thuyet Gaia tac gia James Lovelock de xuat (Environmental Ethics) NhU vay, giao due ve dao dQc nam 1970 dupe coi la nen tang cua dao dQc moi moi trudng co npi ham rpng hdn giao due y thQc bao trudng nay.Theo do, mpi sinh vat tren trai da't va ve moi trUdng ma nhieu tai lieu da de cap moi trudng xung quanh deu co tac dpng qua lai nhu mpt co the song theo co che tQ dieu chinh Con ngUdi Dao dufc mdi trUdng xtfa va va moi trUdng luon phu thupc lan va la mpt bp Moi xa hpi cd mpt chuan mUc dao dQc rieng, ke ca phan cua mpt he thong Gia thuyet Gaia (dark green) dao dQc xa hpi va dao dQc moi trUdng NgUdi phUdng cho rang tai nguyen tren trai da't la hQu han (trong Dong da tQng the hien dao dQc moi trUdng nhu mpt trUdc day cho la vo han) Phai tai che va Uu tien triet li song hai hoa vdi thien nhien:"Thien - nhan hdp sQ dung tai nguyen tai tao dude (trUdc day cho la het nhat" Dao dQc moi trudng xUa luu da'u d cho thi tim d cho khac); "chi phi trong" cua mptdQ cac ban hUdng Udc d lang Quynh Doi, Nghe An vdi an khong quan trpng va khong ton kem bang "chi phi nhQng dieu khoan ma mpi ngUdi dong long cam ke't ngoai" (trUdc day chUa quan tam den chi phi ngoai); het sQc cu the ve nhQng mQc phat mpt gia dinh ngUdi phai hdp tac vdi thien nhien (trudc day cho de Ion "bay" ngoai dudng lang, hoae phat nang rang ngudi phai chinh phuc thien nhien); muon nhQng danh ca vdi mat ludi nho NgUdi dan tpc giai quyet van de ve moi trudng phai co sU tham gia Pu Peo d gan bien gidi phia Bac nUdc ta den cua dao dQc (trUdc day cho rang cong nghe se giai lull giQ phong tuc coi rQng la ndi giao hoa cua trdi da't quye't dUdc van de moi trUdng hien nay) va la ndi d cua ong cha ke tQ ddi thQ trd ve trudc, nen mpi ngudi phai co trach nhiem giQ rQng Yeu cau ve dao dufc moi trUdng bdi canh phUdng Tay, tQ lau ngUdi Thuy ST da de cap den dao mdi dQc moi trUdng bang cau hoi:T6i se lam gi va toi se la ThQ nha't, luon luon nhan thQc sau sac rang, loai ngudi nao doi vdi thien nhien? ngUdi chung ta la mpt thQc the khong the tach rdi Ne'u xet tren tong the ca ljch sQ loai ngUdi thi co cua gidi tQ nhien va la mpt khau quan trpng nha't the phan chia luong: "Nhan thQc xanh nhat" he thong: Tu nhien - Con ngUdi - Xa hpi NhU (light green) va "nhan thQc xanh dam" (dark green) vay, dao dQc moi trUdng khong nhQng doi hoi ban Trong do, luong "nhan thQc xanh nhat" coi viec khai than moi ngUdi phai biet ton trpng moi trUdng tu thac bang moi gia moi trUdng tu nhien nhu mot le nhien ma phai biet dau tranh chong lai cac quan KHGD sd 66, thang - 2011 47 rvnua n u t u m u uui* " niem lac hau cho rang ngu'di la tat ca,"trdi sinh voi, sinh co" va moi trUdng tU nhien chi la vo tri vo giac, tUcto, ngUdi phai biet dau tranh vdi cac bieu hien xam hai den moi trUdng ThU hai, biet khai thac cac gia tri sd dung cua gidi tU nhien mpt each hpp li, khoa hpc de vUa phuc vu cho phat trien kinh te - xa hpi, vUa bao dam sp thong nhat va tinh toan ven cua moi trUdng NgUdi cd dao dUc moi trudng khong chi khong tham gia pha rUng, khai thac can kiet nguon tai nguyen, san bat dpng vat hoang da ma cdn phai biet dau tranh chong lai, kien quyet khong tiep tay cho nhdng hanh vi sai trai ThU ba, coi trai dat la mai nha chung Mpi ngUdi cd quyen binh dang song tren trai dat vdi phan cd ban cua moi trUdng la thach quyen (lithosphere), thuy quyen (hydrophere), quyen (atmosphere) va sinh quyen (biophere) Gao dUc moi trUdng xay dpng tren cd sd moi ngudi, moi dia phUdng va moi cpng dong, quoc gia biet chia se ca lpi ich va trach nhiem doi vdi moi trUdng ThUtU, moi ngUdi phai ren luyen phong each song than thien vdi moi trUdng, hai hda vdi thien nhien Biet hda minh vao thien nhien, cay xanh; thay viec sd dung thuoc trU sau bang each nuoi cac loai thien dich cua sau bp; quy trpng va tiet kiem sd dung dien, nude; biet lam cua cai vat chat bang each tai che rac thai, phe lieu nhu san xuat phan bon tU rac hQu co, lam 16 biogas tQ phan gia sue ThQ nam, muon giQ dupe dao dQc moi trudng, ngudi phai cd ki nang ve bao ve moi trUdng (BVMT), the hien qua sd sau day: T r ^ g Day manh viec tfch hpp giao due bao ve moi trudng qua trinh giao due, hudng toi hinh dao dufc moi trudng cho hoc sinh thong Be day manh viec tich hdp giao due bao ve moi trudng (GD BVMT) qua trinh giao due, tien tdi hinh dao dQc moi trudng cho hpc sinh thong, can thUc hien mpt each dong bp cac giai phap sau day: Mpt la, xac dinh muc tieu nang cao y thQc BVMT chUdng trinh tQng mon hpc, tQng chUdng, bai thong qua chuan kien thUc Hai la, tich hdp npi dung GD BVMT cac tiet day mpt so mdn hpc, nhQng bai hpc cu the mpt each thich hdp Cu the hda phUdng thUc tich hdp: toan bp - tUng phan hoae chi the hien d phan lien he thpc tien Chang han, bo sung npi dung tac dung cua cay xanh doi vdi moi trudng; tim hieu cac loai phan, thuoc cd the anh hudng xau den mdi trUdng; cac loai trung la "thien djch" cua cac loai sau bp; bo sung van de xQ li phan thai bang Id biogas, du lupng cac chat dpc hai thQc an gia sue; bao ve va phat trien da dang sinh hpc; xQ li cac loai hda chat, nUdc thai; bo sung npi dung chong tieng on, khdi bui, rac thai cong nghiep tren cdsdtieu chuan Eurol, Euro2, tieu chuan Viet Nam Ba la, doi mdi qua trinh day hpc tren co sd quan diem sU pham tUdng tac va chu trUdng "TrUdng hpc than thien, hpc sinh tich cUd'.Theo do, can chu y den cac van de sau day de boi dudng ythUc BVMT tQ thpc te gid hpc li thuyet cung nhu thuc hanh, chang han nhu viec bd tri phdng hpc li thuyet, xudng thUc hanh Xay dung ke hoach hanh dpng BVMT Nhan biet mot so nguyen nhan chu yeu va cac bien phap han che nhiem moi trudng Ra quyet dinh hanh dpng BVMT Nhan biet va phat hien cac van de ve moi trudng (6 nhiem moi trudng) Kien quyet thiic hien hanh dong BVMT Sotfo:Kinang bdo ve mdi trddng 48 KHGD so 66, thang - 2011 Khoa hpc Giao due thoang mat, ctu anh sang nhien Thay the cac may moc thiet bj khong dat tieu chuan ve tieng on, khoi thai va tieu hao nhien lieu Trong trUdng hop khong du anh sang tu nhien can sd dung he thong thiet bj dien chieu sang Compac de tiet kiem dien cung la each BVMT; quan tam den canh quan, cay xanh, he thong nha ve sinh khuon vien nha trUdng Yeu cau hpc sinh true nhat lam ve sinh phong hpc sach se, phan loai rac thai theo "3R" Khi giao "nhiem vu"cho cac nhom (doi vdi phUdng phap day hpc theo du an), can chu y den cac yeu cau tim hieu van de bao ve moi trudng lien quan den npi dung bai hpc TrUdc nhUng van de thdi su ve moi trudng nhU vu "Vedan giet sdng Thj Vai" giao vien can chu dpng xen ke tiet day ke't ndi internet chieu cho hpc sinh xem doan clip de tao an tuong cho hpc sinh ve van de BVMT Bdn la, ddi mdi cdng tac kiem tra, danh gia nham dap Ung chu trUdng tich hdp GD BVMT hoat ddng GD, theo do, can phai chu y cac tieu chi danh gia lien quan den ve sinh mdi trudng ddi vdi gidthUc hanh Hay cUu lay trai da't cua chung ta khdng chi bang phap luat (phap trj) ma phai bang tat ca trai tim, khdi dc cua ngUdi (dQc tri) The ki 21, the ki cua "the gidi phang" dang ddi hdi phai xay dUng nhUng hinh mau nhan each cua cdng dan toan cau, hinh mau phai cd dau an rd net ve dao dUc mdi trUdng DONG CQ HOC TAR • • • (TiSp theo trang 46) nghien cQu OC hpc tap d Viet Nam TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1 ] Pham Thi DQc, Vephgm tru DC hgc tgp cua HS giai dogn hien nay, Tap chi nghien cQu giao duc,sd4, thang 10-11,1994 [2] Le Ngoc Lan, DC hgc tap cua HS nhd, Tap chi Nghien cQu giao due, so thang 11,1994 [3] DUdngThi Kim Oanh, DC hgc tap cua SV trUdng Dgi hgc Bach khoa Hd Ngi, Tap chi Tam li hpc, sd (110), 2008 [4] Ryan, R.M and Deci, E.L Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions, Contemporary Educational Psychology 25: 54 - 67 [4] Deci E L, Schwartz A J, Sheinman L & Ryan R M (1981) An instrument to assess adults' orientations toward control versus autonomy with children: Reflections on intrinsic motivation and perceived competence Journal of Educational Psychology, 73, 642-650,2000 [5] Niemec C P & Ryan R.M Autonomy, competence, and relatedness in the classroom: Applying self-determination theory to educational practice TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Theory and Research in Education, vol 7(2), 1331 Dang Qudc Bao, Gido due Viet Nam hudng tdi tuang lai - Vdn de vd giai phdp, NXB Chinh trj Qudc 144,2009 [6] Ryan R M & Connell J P Perceived locus of gia, Ha Ndi, 2004 Nguyen Thj Dung, Le Thi Thu Hang, Dd Ngoc causality and internalization: Examining reasons for Hdng, Nguyen Van Khdi, Phan Thj Lac, Tran Thj acting in two domains Journal of Personality and Nhung, Gido due bao ve moi trUdng mdn Cong Social Psychology, 57,749-761,1989 nghe THCS, NXB Giao due, Ha Ndi, 2008 [7] Bui Thj Thuy Hang, Autonomie de I'enfant par Le Van Khoa, Mdi trddng va gido due moi trUdng, rapport a I'ecole: analyse comparee en France et au NXB Giao due, Ha Ndi, 2009 Viet Nam Luan an tien si Khoa hpc giao due - Oai Bui DQc Tu, Trung tdm ki thudt tong hgp - hudng nghiep vdi chu truong xdy dung "TrUdng hgc thdn hpc Paris 10- Phap,2007 thien, hgc sinh tich cUc" va tich hop gido due bao ve mdi trudng,Tap chi Khoa hpc (KH xa hdi va nhan van), Dai SUMMARY hpc Qudc gia Ha Npi,Tap 25, Sd 1, Ha Ndi, 2009 The article presents the motivation of student learning according to the self-determination theory with SUMMARY areas of: learning motivation classification (internal The article discusses issues of environmental ethics and external); the role of self-determination motivaEnvironmental ethics containing standards, adjusted sense, dominant behavior for natural human These are tion (foreffective learning methods, positive emotions, issues that need to be the Education sector - Training success), and factors affecting the students' motivain a serious consideration when developing content- tion (style, language and interpersonal relationships, oriented education in schools after 2015 classroom atmosphere) KHGD sd 66, thang - 2011 49