I E C TS 62 82 -7-1 ® Edition 2.0 201 7-01 TE CH N I CAL SPE CI FI CATI ON colour i n si de Fu el cel l tech n ol og i es – Part 7-1 : Test m eth od s – Si n g l e cel l perform an ce tests for po l ym er el ectro l yte IEC TS 62282-7-1 :201 7-01 (en) fu el cel l s (PE FC) TH I S P U B L I C AT I O N I S C O P Y R I G H T P R O T E C T E D C o p yri g h t © I E C , G e n e v a , Sw i t z e rl a n d All rights reserved Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information IEC Central Office 3, rue de Varembé CH-1 21 Geneva 20 Switzerland Tel.: +41 22 91 02 1 Fax: +41 22 91 03 00 info@iec.ch www.iec.ch Ab o u t th e I E C The International Electrotechnical Commission (I EC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies Ab o u t I E C p u b l i ca t i o n s The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC Please make sure that you have the latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published I E C Catal o g u e - websto re i ec ch /catal o g u e The stand-alone application for consulting the entire bibliographical information on IEC International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports and other documents Available for PC, Mac OS, Android Tablets and iPad I E C pu bl i cati on s search - www i ec ch /search pu b The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical committee,…) It also gives information on projects, replaced and withdrawn publications E l ectroped i a - www el ectro ped i a o rg The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and electrical terms containing 20 000 terms and definitions in English and French, with equivalent terms in additional languages Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) online I E C G l o ssary - std i ec ch /g l o ssary 65 000 electrotechnical terminology entries in English and French extracted from the Terms and Definitions clause of IEC publications issued since 2002 Some entries have been collected from earlier publications of IEC TC 37, 77, 86 and CISPR I E C J u st Pu bl i sh ed - websto re i ec ch /j u stpu bl i sh ed Stay up to date on all new IEC publications Just Published details all new publications released Available online and also once a month by email I E C Cu stom er Servi ce Cen tre - websto re i ec ch /csc If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service Centre: csc@iec.ch I E C TS 62 82 -7-1 ® Edition 2.0 201 7-01 TE CH N I CAL SPE CI FI CATI ON colour i n si de Fu el cel l tech n o l og i es – Part 7-1 : Test m eth o d s – Si n g l e cel l perform an ce tests for po l ym er el ectrol yte fu el cel l s (PE FC) INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ICS 27.070 ISBN 978-2-8322-3768-7 Warn i n g ! M ake su re th a t yo u o btai n ed th i s pu bl i c ati o n fro m an au th ori zed d i stri bu to r ® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission –2– I EC TS 62282-7-1 :201 © I EC 201 CONTENTS FOREWORD I NTRODUCTI ON Scope N orm ati ve references Term s and defi n i ti ons General safety consi derati ons Cel l com pon en ts General Mem bran e electrode assem bl y (M EA) Gasket Fl ow plate 5 Current col l ector 5 Clam pi n g plate (or pressure pl ate) 5 Clam pi n g h ardware 5 Tem peratu re-con trol device Cel l assem bl y 6 Assem bl y procedure 6 Cel l ori en tation an d g as n ecti ons 6 Leak ch eck Test station setu p M in im um equ ipm ent requ irem ent Schem atic di ag ram 7 Maxim um variation i n test stati on controls (i n pu ts to test) 8 Measurin g instrum ents 8 I nstrum ent u ncertain ty 8 Measu rin g i nstrum ents and m easurin g m eth ods 8 General 8 2 Vol tag e 8 Cu rrent 8 I n tern al resistance (I R) Fu el an d oxi dan t flow rates Fu el an d oxi dan t tem perature Cell tem perature 8 Fu el an d oxi dan t pressures 9 Fu el an d oxi dan t hu m i dity 20 Am bi ent di tions 20 Measu rem ent u n its 20 Gas com positi on 21 Fu el com positi on 21 H ydrogen 21 Reform ed gases 21 Oxi dan t com positi on 21 Test preparati on 21 1 Standard test ditions 21 Am bient di tions 22 Data sam plin g rate 22 I EC TS 62282-7-1 : 201 © I EC 201 –3– Repeatabi lity an d reprodu cibi l ity 22 N um ber of test sam ples 22 Leak ch eck of g as circui t wi th inert or test g as 23 I n itial condition i ng an d stable state ch eck 23 Shu tdown 23 Recondition in g 23 1 Basic perform ance test m ethods 23 1 General 23 1 Pol arization curve tests 24 1 General 24 1 2 Pol ari zati on curves at constant g as stoich i om etri es 24 1 Pol ari zati on curves at constant fl ow rate 25 1 Stead y-state test 25 1 General 25 1 Test m ethods 25 1 Lon g -term operation test 26 1 General 26 1 Test m ethod 26 1 Vol tam m etry 26 1 General 26 1 H ydrogen crossover test 27 1 Electroch em ical surface area (ECA) m easu rem en t 28 1 I n tern al resistance (I R) m easurem ent 30 1 General 30 1 Test m ethods 31 1 Electroch em ical im pedan ce spectroscopy (EI S) 32 1 General 32 1 Test diti on s 32 1 Test m ethod 32 1 Anal ysis of EI S data 33 1 I R m easurem en t by EI S 33 Appli ed perform ance test m eth ods 33 Test report 35 General 35 Report item s 35 3 Test data descripti on 35 Descri ption of m easu rem en t conditions 36 Test cell param eter descri pti on 36 Ann ex A (inform ati ve) Fl ow pl ate 37 Ann ex B (inform ati ve) Cell com pon ent al i gnm ent 39 Ann ex C (inform ative) Leak test 40 C Purpose 40 C Test procedures 40 Ann ex D (inform ative) I n iti al condition in g 42 Ann ex E (inform ati ve) Shu tdown 43 Ann ex F (i nform ati ve) Recon dition i ng protocols 44 Ann ex G (inform ative) Polari zati on curve test supplem en t 45 Ann ex H (n orm ative) Appli ed perform ance tests 47 –4– I EC TS 62282-7-1 :201 © I EC 201 H.1 Gain tests 47 H.1 H ydrogen g ain test 47 H.1 Oxyg en g n test 47 H Gas stoich iom etry tests 48 H Fu el stoichi om etry test 48 H 2 Oxidan t stoich iom etry test 48 H Tem peratu re effect test 49 H General 49 H Test m ethod 49 H Pressure effect test 49 H General 49 H Test m ethod 49 H H um idi ty effect tests 49 H Fu el hum i di ty effect test 49 H Oxidan t hum i dity effect test 50 H Lim iti n g current test 50 H General 50 H Test m ethod 50 H Overload test 51 H General 51 H Test m ethod 51 H Subzero storag e test 51 H General 51 H Test m ethod 51 H Subzero start test 52 H General 52 H Test m ethod 52 H Mem bran e swel l in g test (hum i di ty cycl e test) 52 H 1 General 52 H Test diti on s 53 H Test m ethod 53 H 1 Open circu i t voltage (OCV) test 53 H.1 1 General 53 H.1 Test diti on s 53 H.1 Test m ethod 54 H Oxyg en reducti on reaction (ORR) acti vity test 54 H General 54 H 2 Test diti on s 54 H Test m ethod 54 H Fu el com positi on test 56 H General 56 H Test m ethod 56 H Cycli n g tests 56 H Start/stop cycl in g test 56 H Load cycl ing test 57 H Poten tial cycle test (start/stop durabil i ty) 57 H 4 Poten tial cycle test (l oad cycl e durability) 58 H I m purity infl u ence tests 59 H I nflu ence at rated cu rrent densi ty 59 I EC TS 62282-7-1 : 201 © I EC 201 –5– H I nflu ence on polari zati on cu rves 60 H Lon g-term im purity infl uence test 61 Ann ex I (i nform ati ve) Test report for pol ari zation curve tests 62 I.1 General 62 I.2 General i nform ati on 62 I General inform ation on the test report 62 I 2 General inform ation concern i n g th e test 62 I.3 I n troductory rem arks 62 I.4 Objective an d scope of the test 62 I.5 Descri pti on of cell com ponen ts 63 I.6 Backgroun d 63 I.7 Descri pti on of th e test setu p 64 I.8 Descri ption of operati ng ditions, i n pu ts and ou tputs 64 I.9 Test procedure an d resul ts 66 I Descri pti on of startu p an d condi ti on in g 66 I Descri pti on of sh u tdown (wh en relevant) 66 I Descri ption of m easu rem en t and resu l ts 66 I Devi ation from test procedures 67 I.1 Data post-processin g 67 I.1 Conclu si on an d acceptan ce cri teri a 67 Ann ex J (inform ative) Pol arizati on curves i n h elox 68 Ann ex K (inform ati ve) Test report for su bzero start test 69 Ann ex L (inform ati ve) Start/stop cycl i n g test su pplem en t 70 Ann ex M (inform ati ve) Load cycl i n g test su ppl em en t 71 Bibl i ograph y 73 Fig u re Fig u re Fig u re Fig u re Fig u re Fig u re – – – – – – Test stati on schem atic diagram for si ng l e cell testin g Typical testi n g fl owchart 22 H ydrogen crossover test 28 Determ ination of adsorpti on/desorption ch arg e ( q h ) 29 Determ ination of CO desorpti on ch arg e ( q co ) 30 Measurem ent of ΔVCI 31 Fig u re – Typical diagram of a com plex im pedan ce plot 33 Fig u re A – Desig n for fl ow pl ate (si n g le-serpen tine flow chan nel) 38 Fig u re A – Desig n for fl ow pl ate (tri ple-serpen tin e flow ch an n el ) 38 Fig u re B – Si n gl e cell assem bl y usi ng typi cal com ponen ts 39 Fig u re H – ORR activity test procedure 55 Fig u re H – Exam ple of Tafel plot 56 Fig u re H – Potential cycle test (start/stop durabi lity) procedure 58 Fig u re H – Potential cycle test (l oad cycl e durabi l ity) procedure 59 Fig u re J – I l lustrati on of l osses identifi ed by com parison of polari zati on curves in oxyg en, h el ox an d air 68 Fig u re M – D yn am ic load cycl in g profi le 71 Fig u re M – Secon d d yn am ic load cycl ing profil e 71 Fig u re M – D yn am ic load cycl in g based on road veh icle dri vi n g 72 –6– I EC TS 62282-7-1 :201 © I EC 201 Table – Param eters an d u ni ts 21 Tabl e – Appl i ed perform ance tests 34 Tabl e G – Curren t density increm en ts if m axim u m curren t densi ty is known 45 Tabl e G – Curren t density increm en ts if m axim u m curren t densi ty is u nkn own 46 Tabl e I – Test in put param eters 65 Tabl e I – Test ou tpu t param eters 66 Tabl e I – Cell perform ance du ri n g startu p an d diti onin g 66 Tabl e I – Cell perform ance du ri n g test 67 Tabl e K – En erg y consum pti on, g as consum ption an d h eat balance data durin g subzero startup 69 Tabl e K – Cel l ch aracteristics com parison before an d after subzero testin g 69 I EC TS 62282-7-1 : 201 © I EC 201 –7– I NTERNATI ON AL ELECTROTECH NI CAL COMMI SSI ON FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES – Part 7-1 : Test methods – Single cell performance tests for pol ymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC) FOREWORD ) Th e I n ternati on al El ectrotechn i cal Com m i ssi on (I EC) i s a worl d wi d e org an i zati on for stan dardi zati on com pri si n g al l n ati on al el ectrotech ni cal com m i ttees (I EC N ati onal Com m i ttees) The obj ect of I EC i s to prom ote i n ternati on al co-operati on on al l questi on s concern i n g stand ardi zati on i n th e el ectri cal an d el ectroni c fi el ds To thi s end and i n addi ti on to other acti vi ti es, I EC pu bl i sh es I n ternati on al Stan dards, Tech n i cal Speci fi cati ons, Tech ni cal Reports, Pu bl i cl y Avai l abl e Speci fi cati ons (PAS) an d Gu i des (h ereafter referred to as “I EC Publ i cati on (s) ”) Thei r preparati on i s entru sted to techn i cal com m i ttees; an y I EC Nati on al Com m i ttee i n terested i n th e su bj ect deal t wi th m ay parti ci pate i n th i s preparatory work I nternati on al , g overn m ental an d n on g overn m en tal org an i zati ons l i si ng wi th th e I EC al so parti ci pate i n th i s preparati on I E C col l aborates cl osel y wi th th e I n tern ati onal Org an i zati on for Stan d ardi zati on (I SO) i n accordan ce wi th di ti on s determ i ned by ag reem en t between th e two org an i zati on s 2) Th e form al deci si on s or ag reem en ts of I EC on tech ni cal m atters express, as n earl y as possi bl e, an i nternati on al sen su s of opi ni on on th e rel evant su bj ects si n ce each tech ni cal com m i ttee h as representati on from al l i n terested I EC N ati on al Com m ittees 3) I EC Pu bl i cati on s have th e form of recom m endati on s for i n tern ati onal use an d are accepted by I EC N ati onal Com m i ttees i n th at sense Whi l e al l reasonabl e efforts are m ade to ensure th at th e tech n i cal content of I EC Publ i cati on s i s accu rate, I EC can n ot be h el d responsi bl e for th e way i n whi ch th ey are u sed or for an y m i si nterpretati on by an y en d u ser 4) I n order to prom ote i n tern ati onal u ni form i ty, I EC N ati on al Com m i ttees un d ertake to appl y I EC Pu bl i cati on s transparentl y to the m axi m um extent possi bl e i n th ei r nati on al an d reg i on al publ i cati ons An y d i verg ence between an y I EC Pu bl i cati on an d the correspon di ng nati on al or reg i on al pu bl i cati on sh al l be cl earl y i n di cated i n the l atter 5) I EC i tsel f d oes n ot provi de an y attestati on of form i ty I n depen den t certi fi cati on bodi es provi de conform i ty assessm ent servi ces and, i n som e areas, access to I EC m arks of form i ty I EC i s not respon si bl e for an y servi ces carri ed out by i nd epen den t certi fi cati on bodi es 6) Al l u sers shou l d en su re th at th ey h ave the l atest edi ti on of thi s publ i cati on 7) N o l i abi l i ty shal l attach to I EC or i ts di rectors, em pl oyees, servants or ag ents i ncl u di n g i n di vi du al experts an d m em bers of i ts tech ni cal com m i ttees and I EC N ati on al Com m i ttees for any person al i n j u ry, property d am ag e or oth er dam ag e of any n ature wh atsoever, wh eth er di rect or i ndi rect, or for costs (i n cl u d i n g l eg al fees) and expen ses ari si n g out of the pu bl i cati on, u se of, or rel i an ce u pon , th i s I EC P ubl i cati on or any oth er I EC Publ i cati on s 8) Atten ti on i s drawn to th e N orm ati ve referen ces ci ted i n th i s pu bl i cati on U se of th e referenced publ i cati on s i s i n di spen sabl e for th e correct appl i cati on of thi s publ i cati on 9) Atten ti on i s drawn to th e possi bi l i ty th at som e of th e el em en ts of th i s I EC Publ i cati on m ay be th e su bj ect of patent ri g hts I EC shal l n ot be hel d respon si bl e for i den ti fyi ng an y or al l su ch paten t ri g hts The m ain task of I EC techn ical com m ittees is to prepare I ntern ati onal Stan dards I n excepti onal circum stances, a tech n ical com m ittee m ay propose th e pu blicati on of a Tech n ical Specification wh en • th e requ ired su pport can not be obtain ed for th e pu bl ication of an I n tern ati onal Stan dard, despite repeated efforts, or • th e subj ect is sti ll u nder tech n ical developm en t or wh ere, for an y oth er reason , th ere is th e fu ture but no im m ediate possibili ty of an ag reem ent on an I ntern ati on al Standard Techn ical Specificati ons are su bj ect to review withi n three years of pu bl ication to decide wh eth er th ey can be tran sform ed in to I n tern ational Stan dards I EC TS 62282-7-1 , wh ich is a Tech n ical Specification , h as been prepared by I EC tech n ical com m ittee 05: Fuel cel l tech nol og i es –8– I EC TS 62282-7-1 :201 © I EC 201 This secon d editi on can cels an d repl aces the fi rst editi on pu blish ed i n 201 Th is edi tion constitutes a techn ical revision This edi ti on incl u des the fol lowi ng si g n ifican t techn ical chan ges wi th respect to the previou s edition: a) additi on of n ew tests, m nl y reg ardin g transportation applicati ons; an d, b) restru cturi ng of the form at: basic and appli ed perform ance test m eth ods The text of th is Tech n ical Specificati on is based on th e foll owi n g docum en ts: Enqui ry draft Report on voti n g 05/568/DTS 05/621 /RVC Fu l l i nform ation on th e voti ng for the approval of this techn ical specificati on can be fou n d in th e report on voti n g i ndicated i n th e above tabl e This docum en t h as been drafted in accordance wi th th e I SO/I EC Directi ves, Part A list of al l parts of th e I EC 62282 series, pu blish ed u nder th e gen eral title: can be fou nd on th e I EC websi te technologies, Fuel cell The com m ittee h as deci ded that the ten ts of th is pu blicati on wi ll rem n unch ang ed u nti l th e stabil i ty date in dicated on the I EC website un der "h ttp://webstore i ec ch " i n th e data related to th e specific pu blication At th is date, th e publicati on wil l be • • • • • transform ed in to an I n ternation al stan dard, reconfi rm ed, wi thdrawn , repl aced by a revised editi on, or am ended A bi lin g ual versi on of th is pu bl ication m ay be issu ed at a l ater date IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its contents Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer – 62 – I EC TS 62282-7-1 :201 © I EC 201 Annex I (informative) Test report for polarization curve tests I.1 General A su gg ested tem pl ate for a report of polari zati on curve tests is g i ven bel ow I.2 General information I.2.1 General information on the test report Test report referen ce / i den ti fi cati on Test report ti tl e Au th ors I.2.2 General information concerning th e test Test procedu re n u m ber Test date Test versi on Com pan y perform i n g test Com pan y requ esti ng test Test l ocati on Test req uest n um ber Test cel l / equ i pm ent I.3 Introductory remarks Here the au th ors sh oul d refer to: • th e procedu re em pl oyed and, if relevant, th e reason i ng beh ind th e ch oice of such procedu re; • th e test pl an between tester an d custom er wh ich m ay also incl ude acceptance criteri a; an d • an y oth er docum entation u sed in the report or i n th e test (term in olog y docum ent, sym bol harm oni zati on, etc ) I.4 Objecti ve and scope of the test The obj ective is to determ ine the polari zation curve of a PEFC sin g l e cell operati ng u n der specified operatin g condi ti ons The cell perform ance is m easured from open circu it voltag e to th e hig h est curren t density th at has been determ in ed by: • th e properties of the cel l com pon ents; • th e specificati ons of the i ntended applicati on ; • th e m easurem en t m ethod The obj ecti ves of th e test are to qu antify or qual ify: • th e g en eric perform ance of a sin g l e pol ym er el ectrol yte fu el cel l; • PEFC com pon ents such as M EAs or su b-com pon en ts of MEAs an d bipolar pl ate m aterials or desi g n I EC TS 62282-7-1 : 201 © I EC 201 – 63 – The operati n g ditions considered for th is test correspond to: • th e stan dard diti ons u sed by m em bers of th e sci en tific com m u nity; • th e i ntended appl icati on I.5 D es cri pti o n o f c el l co m po n en t s Cel l m an u factu rer Cel l m odel Prod uct or arti cl e tested Prod uct n um ber Test sam pl e i denti ty n um ber Fu el cel l : m ateri al of fl ow pl ates Fu el cel l : fl ow fi el d desi g n Fu el cel l : acti ve area Gasket type Gasket th i ckness Current col l ector m ateri al Cel l cl am pi n g force H eati ng /cool i n g system Ori entati on of the cel l a (verti cal versu s h ori zontal ) Gas fl ow di recti on (co-fl ow, cou n ter fl ow, etc ) a I f need ed, i n cl u de a drawi n g for better u n derstan di n g MEA assem bl y (Yes/N o, Layers, 5L, 7L) El ectrod es Gas di ffu si on l ayers (thi ckness and type) Catal yst l ayers (l oadi ng an d com posi ti on ) Mem brane (thi ckness an d type) Lowest cel l vol tag e al l owed (V) Pressure di fference al l owed between an ode an d cathod e (kPa) Manu factu rer-recom m en ded r stoi ch i om etry Provide addi tion al rem arks or inform ati on from th e m an ufacturer on the cell or the MEA I.6 B a c kg ro u n d The au th or descri bes th e testi n g h istory of th e cell with a brief descripti on of al l diag n ostic experim en ts, specific or basel i ne experim en ts and their respective i dentifi ers i n sequen ti al order – 64 – I.7 I EC TS 62282-7-1 :201 © I EC 201 D es cri pti o n o f t h e te s t setu p A detailed description of the test equ ipm ent an d setu p th at were em pl oyed, incl udi n g sensor types an d locations an d specific devices (for exam ple heatin g/cooli n g and hum i dification su bsystem s) sh oul d be g iven h ere in th e test report to assist i n th e u nderstan di ng of resu lts I.8 D es cri pti o n o f o p erat i n g d i ti on s, i n pu ts an d ou tpu ts Tabl e I lists all the test i npu ts that are control led duri ng the test, wh i l e Table I lists al l th e test outputs M easu rem ent u ncertainti es an d sam plin g rates are to be en tered as well The testin g person n el com pl ete th e i npu t val u e colum n for each test I EC TS 62282-7-1 : 201 © I EC 201 – 65 – Table I.1 – Test input parameters Input Description Unit Hz Control accu racy A cm − Cu rrent densi ty I Sampling rate Input value Measurement uncertainty (i = appl i ed curren t / acti ve g eom etri c area) Tam b Am bi ent tem peratu re °C Tc Cel l tem peratu re °C Xfu el Fuel com posi ti on % H 2; - % other g ases Ai r or O ; % oth er g ases Xo x Oxi d an t com posi ti on pH Fuel pressu re at cel l i nl et kPa or ou tl et c port p Ai r Oxi d an t pressu re at cel l i nl et or ou tl et c port Q fu el Fu el fl ow rate a - kPa cm m i n − (at STP) Oxi d an t fl ow rate Qo x a cm m i n − (at STP) Q fu el , mi n Fu el m i n i m um fl ow rate cm m i n − Q o x, m i n Oxi d ant m i n i m u m fl ow rate cm m i n − λ fu el Fuel stoi ch i om etry (di m en si on l ess) - - λ ox Ai r stoi chi om etry (di m ensi on l ess) - - b % RH fu el Fuel rel ati ve hu m i di ty RH o x Oxi d an t rel ati ve hu m i di ty % b T fu el Fu el d ew poi nt °C T ox Oxi d an t d ew poi n t °C Tb fu el Fuel bu bbl er tem perature °C Tb ox Oxi d ant bu bbl er tem peratu re °C Tl fu el Fu el l i n e tem peratu re °C Tl o x Oxi d ant l i ne tem peratu re °C P amb Am bi ent pressu re RHam b Am bi ent rel ati ve h um i di ty % a kPa and Q λ o x are respecti vel y th e stoi chi om etry trol l ed vol um etri c fl ow rates of fuel an d oxi d an t Th e actu al vol u m etri c fl ow rates u sed du ri n g th e test are th e stoi ch i om etry trol l ed fl ow rates, u nl ess the val ues are sm al l er th an th e m i ni m um fl ow rates: Q fu el , mi n an d Q o x, mi n Q λ fu el b Rel ati ve h um i di ty i s cal cu l ated based on th e cel l tem peratu re c State i n the test report wh i ch opti on was sel ected an d wh eth er the cel l i n l et or ou tl et pressure was control l ed to be stant – 66 – I EC TS 62282-7-1 :201 © I EC 201 Table I.2 – Test output parameters Output V P Description Unit Cel l vol tag e V Cel l power densi ty W cm − Instrument uncertainty Sample rate Hz Cal cu l ated NOTE I n th e case wh ere the test i s perform ed by varyi n g the vol tag e i n th e ran g e of OCV to m i n i m um cel l vol tag e, I wi l l be th e test outpu t param eter i n stead of V I.9 Test procedure and results I.9.1 Description of startup and conditioning The fol l owi ng inform ati on sh ou ld be i nclu ded (see Table I 3) : • detail ed descri ption of th e settin g u p of th e conditi ons; • m easurem ents (descri ption , tabl es or fi gu res showi n g th e in puts an d ou tpu ts durin g startu p an d di ti on in g ) Table I.3 – Cell performance during startup and conditioning Dwell time Current density A cm − Average cell vol tage over the last XX (V); Standard devi ation (±V) Average cell power density W cm − Fig u res sh ou l d inclu de th e prim ary test inputs an d outpu ts du ri n g th e m easurem ent i n order to facil itate the in terpretation of th e m ain resu lts For th e polari zati on curve: related to RH) , t (tim e) I V Tc , p fuel , p oxl , Q fuel , Q ox , RHfu el , , and RHox (or rel evan t in pu ts U se averag e val u es an d indicate stan dard devi ati ons I.9.2 Description of shutdown (when relevant) A com pl ete descri pti on of the shu tdown procedure shou ld be inclu ded I.9.3 Description of measurement and results The foll owi ng inform ation sh oul d be i nclu ded (see Table I 4) : • settin g u p of th e test diti ons (in i tial test in puts) if an addi ti onal procedure is perform ed after th e condi ti on in g an d before settin g the diti ons for OCV; • m easurem ents (descri pti on , tables or fi g u res sh owing th e i npu ts an d ou tpu ts duri ng th e m easurem ent) (e g a table of dwel l tim e, an d th e curren t density, cell voltage an d power for th e polari zati on cu rve) I EC TS 62282-7-1 : 201 © I EC 201 – 67 – Table I.4 – Cell performance during test a Dwell time Current density Average cell voltage Average cell power output A cm −2 V (wi th i n stan dard devi ati ons a ) W cm − (wi th i n stan dard devi ati on s a ) See I SO/I EC Gu i d e 98-3 for g u i dan ce to esti m ate the u ncertai nti es Fig u res shou ld append the fol l owing prim ary test in puts an d ou tpu ts du ri ng m easu rem ent in order to facil i tate in terpretation of th e m ain resu l ts: Tc , p fuel , p ox , Q fu el , Q ox , RHfu el and RHox (or rel evant in puts related to RH ) , an d t (tim e) I.9.4 Deviation from test procedures Devi ation from an y test procedures arising from th e operator or equ ipm ent shou l d be recorded I.1 Data post-processing Procedures used to calcu l ate an y param eters from experim ental data shou ld be descri bed I.1 Conclusion and acceptance criteria Here the resu lts of the test sh ou ld be com m ented in consi deration of the obj ecti ve of th e test an d the acceptance criteri a, if available – 68 – I EC TS 62282-7-1 :201 © I EC 201 Annex J (informative) Polarization curves in helox Cel l vol tag e (V) Polari zati on curves obtai ned wi th h elox (79 % hel i um , 21 % oxyg en) at the cath ode can provide usefu l diag nostic i nform ation on rates of m ass transport in diffusi on m edi a Si nce diffusi on of oxyg en i n h el iu m is si gn ificantl y faster than it is in air, th e onset of m ass transport lim itation occurs at h ig h er cu rren t densities Com parisons of perform an ce in air and h el ox (such as the exam pl e in Fig u re J ) can be used to identify th e natu re an d location of sou rces of m ass transport l im itati on , such as GDL or catal yst l ayer fl oodi ng Acti vati on O (I R-corrected) 0, O2 Oh m i c H el ox Con cen trati on Ai r Mass transport 0, 0, 0, 1 ,5 Cu rrent densi ty (A/cm ) IEC Figu re J.1 – Illu stration of losses identified by comparison of polarization cu rves i n oxygen, helox and r I EC TS 62282-7-1 : 201 © I EC 201 – 69 – Annex K (informative) Test report for subzero start test A su g g ested tem plate for the test report of a su bzero start test is g i ven bel ow (see Table K an d Table K 2) Table K.1 – Energ y consumption, g as consumption and heat balance data during su bzero startu p Item Parameter Measured value Subzero startu p ti m e Startu p ti m e Energ y sum pti on Extern al el ectri c energ y i n put duri n g su bzero startu p Extern al h eat i n pu t G as consum pti on Fu el fl ow rate Oxi d ant fl ow rate Tem peratu re di fferen ce between i nput an d output fuel Tem peratu re di fferen ce between i nput an d output oxi dan t Table K.2 – Cell characteristics comparison before and after subzero testing Parameter Safety characteri sti cs Gas l eakag e H ydrog en crossover Operati n g ch aracteri sti cs N om i nal power ou tput Peak power ou tpu t Before subzero After subzero Difference % – 70 – I EC TS 62282-7-1 :201 © I EC 201 Annex L (informati ve) Start/stop cycling test supplement A typical start/stop cyclin g profi le an d i ts operatin g duration are described below The cycl in g wil l foll ow th e foll owi ng profi le: a) “off” phase = m in at A cm −2 ; b) “on ” ph ase = m in at Ist A cm −2 ( Ist : rated current density) I t is recom m ended to i n crease the current densi ty step by step in order to avoid si g n ifican t voltag e drops The cu rrent sh ou ld be i ncreased from to Ist as fol l ows: a) 25 % Ist A cm −2 for s; b) 50 % Ist A cm −2 for s; c) 75 % Ist A cm −2 for s; d) Ist A cm −2 for m in 30 s The durati on of th is step depen ds on th e specific obj ective of th e test an d on th e rel ated specific “en ding” criteri a: a fixed tim e fram e or fixed perform ance losses (such as power ou tpu t, vol tag e on load or open circu i t voltage) Apart from the differen t possible en din g cri teri a speci fical l y defin ed, the test sh ou ld be term i nated (th e g ases, tem peratu re troll ers an d l oad are to be turn ed off) if th e cell vol tag e goes below 0, V or th e m inim um val u e recom m ended by th e m anufacturer (i n order to avoi d irreversi bl e dam age to th e cel l com ponents) I EC TS 62282-7-1 : 201 © I EC 201 – 71 – Annex M (informative) Load cycling test supplement Typical load cycl ing profil es and test durati ons are g i ven below Two current densi ty profil es th at allow a cel l to operate between two curren t density levels are proposed: on e is m ore dyn am ic wi th th e profil e l asti ng m in, an d th e other l ess so wi th the profile lastin g h Rati o of curren t d en si ty The curren t density is fixed at Ist (rated curren t density) for th e first h ig h-power ph ase i n order to stabi li ze th e operatin g ditions before starti n g the cycl ing ph ase Th en the l oad cycl in g shou l d be perform ed wi th on e of th e two curren t density profi les sh own i n Fi gu res M an d M ,2 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 00 200 300 400 500 600 t (s) IEC Fig u re M.1 – Dynamic load cycl ing profi le Rati o of current d ensi ty The profi le is di vi ded i n to two secti ons: the low cu rrent densi ty ph ase = 40 s at 0, Ist an d th e h ig h cu rrent densi ty ph ase = current ram p from 0, Ist to Ist for a duration of 20 s ,2 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 t Figu re M – Second dynami c load cyclin g profile (h ) IEC – 72 – I EC TS 62282-7-1 :201 © I EC 201 The profil e is divi ded i nto two secti ons: th e l ow curren t density ph ase = 30 m in at 0, Ist A cm −2 (0, Ist : 20 % current density of Ist ) ; an d th e h igh current density ph ase = 30 m in at Ist A cm −2 Operatin g tim e can be fixed between 500 h and 000 h depen din g on th e operati ng diti ons an d on the specific applicati on considered Apart from th e fixed operati n g du rati on, oth er specific en din g cri teri a can be specified depen ding on th e objective of th e test, su ch as acceptable fixed perform ance l osses (i ncl u din g power ou tput, voltag e at l ow or h ig h power, or open circu i t voltage) Apart from th e specificall y defined en din g criteri a, the test sh ou ld be term in ated (g ases, tem peratures an d l oad are to be turned off) if the cell voltag e g oes bel ow 0, V or th e m inim um voltage valu e recom m ended by the m an ufacturer (i n order to avoid irreversible dam ag e to th e cell com pon ents) I n th e case in wh ich th e test is perform ed by varyi n g th e voltag e in th e ran g e of OCV to th e m inim um cell vol tag e, I wi l l be test ou tpu t param eter i nstead of V Power l evel (%) Anoth er profi l e sh own i n Fi g ure M is based on th e actu al power dem an d of a road veh icl e duri n g city dri ving Th e 00 % power poi nt is to be determ ined based on th e resu lt of the i ni tial power cali brati on curve an d the pre-ag reed l im its of th e cell an d/or test stan d desi g ns I t is acceptable to determ i n e th e partial power points from this curve an d th en ru n the test usin g th e correspon di n g curren t l evels as th e set poi nts 00 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 50 00 50 200 250 300 350 El apsed cycl e ti m e (s) IEC Fig u re M.3 – Dynamic load cycl ing based on road veh icl e d riving I EC TS 62282-7-1 : 201 © I EC 201 – 73 – Bibliograph y I EC 60051 -1 , Direct acting indicating analogue electrical measuring instruments and their accessories – Part 1: Definitions and general requirements common to all parts IEC 60051 -2, Direct acting indicating analogue electrical measuring instruments and their accessories Part 2: Special requirements for ammeters and voltmeters Electrical measuring transducers for converting A.C and D.C electrical quantities to analogue or digital signals IEC 60688, IEC 61 882, Hazard and operability studies (HAZOP studies) – Application Guide Fuel cell technologies – Part 1: Terminology IEC TS 62282-1 , ISO 51 67-1 , Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full – Part 1: General principles and requirements ISO 51 67-2, Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full – Part 2: Orifice plates Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full – Part 3: Nozzles and Venturi nozzles I SO 51 67-3, I SO 51 67-4, Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full – Part 4: Venturi tubes ISO/TR 591 6:2004, Basic considerations for the safety of hydrogen systems Uncertainty of measurement – Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995) ISO/I EC G u ide-98-3, FCTESTN ET Fu el Cel ls Gl ossary, EUR22295 EN (June 2006) USFCC 05-01 4B, Single Cell Test Protocol, May 1, 2006 USFCC 04-003, Protocol on Fuel Cell Component Testing Plans － Primer for Generating Test U SFCC 04-007, Protocol on Fuel Cell Component Testing U SFCC 04-01 , Fuel Cell Test Station Requirements and Verification Procedure U SFCC 05-002, Protocol on Fuel Cell Component Testing: Suggested Test Plan FCTESTN ET, PEFC, Test procedures, DRAFT Version 1.0, June 2006 J ARI Standard Sin g le Cel l Testi ng Protocol, 2006 JARI Research Journal, Vol.28, No.7, p247-252, – 74 – I EC TS 62282-7-1 :201 © I EC 201 Fu el Cel l H an dbook (7th Ed ) , EG&G Technical Services, US DOE Report, 2004 Tayl or, B N , an d Ku yatt, C E , 994, “Guidelines for Evaluating and Expressing the Uncertainty of NIST Measurement Results,” National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST Technical Note 1297 _ INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION 3, rue de Varembé PO Box 31 CH-1 21 Geneva 20 Switzerland Tel: + 41 22 91 02 1 Fax: + 41 22 91 03 00 info@iec.ch www.iec.ch