Bsi bs en 61753 141 2 2011

BS EN 61753-141-2:2011 BSI Standards Publication Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components — Performance standard Part 141-2: Fibre optic passive chromatic dispersion compensator using single-mode dispersion compensating fibre for category C — Controlled environments BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 61753-141-2:2011 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 61753-141-2:2011 It is identical to IEC 61753-141-2:2011 The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee GEL/86, Fibre optics, to Subcommittee GEL/86/2, Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application © BSI 2011 ISBN 978 580 63062 ICS 33.180.20 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2011 Amendments issued since publication Amd No Date Text affected BS EN 61753-141-2:2011 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 61753-141-2 NORME EUROPÉENNE May 2011 EUROPÄISCHE NORM ICS 33.180.20 English version Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components Performance standard Part 141-2: Fibre optic passive chromatic dispersion compensator using single-mode dispersion compensating fibre for category C Controlled environments (IEC 61753-141-2:2011) Dispositifs d'interconnexion et composants passifs fibres optiques Norme de performance Partie 141-2: Compensateur de dispersion chromatique passif fibres optiques utilisant une fibre compensation de dispersion unimodale pour la catégorie C Environnements contrôlés (CEI 61753-141-2:2011) Lichtwellenleiter Verbindungselemente und passive Bauteile Betriebsverhalten Teil 141-2: Passiver chromatischer Dispersionskompensator mit dispersionskompensierender Einmodenfaser für die Kategorie C Kontrollierte Umgebung (IEC 61753-141-2:2011) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2011-05-25 CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels © 2011 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members Ref No EN 61753-141-2:2011 E BS EN 61753-141-2:2011 EN 61753-141-2:2011 Foreword The text of document 86B/3162/FDIS, future edition of IEC 61753-141-2, prepared by SC 86B, Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components, of IEC TC 86, Fibre optics, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 61753-141-2 on 2011-05-25 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights CEN and CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights The following dates were fixed: – latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2012-02-25 – latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2014-05-25 Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 61753-141-2:2011 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification In the official version, for Bibliography, the following note has to be added for the standard indicated: In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated: IEC 61753-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61753-1 IEC 62074-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62074-1 BS EN 61753-141-2:2011 EN 61753-141-2:2011 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies Publication Year Title EN/HD Year IEC 60793-2-50 - Optical fibres Part 2-50: Product specifications - Sectional specification for class B single-mode fibres EN 60793-2-50 - IEC 61300-2-1 - Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Basic test and measurement procedures Part 2-1: Tests - Vibration (sinusoidal) EN 61300-2-1 - IEC 61300-2-4 - Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Basic test and measurement procedures Part 2-4: Tests - Fibre/cable retention EN 61300-2-4 - IEC 61300-2-9 - Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Basic test and measurement procedures Part 2-9: Tests - Shock EN 61300-2-9 + AC:2011 - IEC 61300-2-17 - Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Basic test and measurement procedures Part 2-17: Tests - Cold EN 61300-2-17 - IEC 61300-2-18 - EN 61300-2-18 Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Basic test and measurement procedures Part 2-18: Tests - Dry heat - High temperature endurance - IEC 61300-2-19 - Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Basic test and measurement procedures Part 2-19: Tests - Damp heat (steady state) EN 61300-2-19 - IEC 61300-2-22 - Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Basic test and measurement procedures Part 2-22: Tests - Change of temperature EN 61300-2-22 - IEC 61300-2-42 - Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Basic test and measurement procedures Part 2-42: Tests - Static side load for connectors EN 61300-2-42 - IEC 61300-2-44 - EN 61300-2-44 Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Basic test and measurement procedures Part 2-44: Tests - Flexing of the strain relief of fibre optic devices - BS EN 61753-141-2:2011 EN 61753-141-2:2011 Publication Year Title EN/HD Year IEC 61300-3-2 - EN 61300-3-2 Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Basic test and measurement procedures Part 3-2: Examinations and measurements Polarization dependent loss in a single-mode fibre optic device - IEC 61300-3-4 - Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Basic test and measurement procedures Part 3-4: Examinations and measurements Attenuation EN 61300-3-4 - IEC 61300-3-7 - Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Basic test and measurement procedures Part 3-7: Examinations and measurements Wavelength dependence of attenuation and return loss of single mode components FprEN 61300-3-7 IEC 61300-3-32 - EN 61300-3-32 Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Basic test and measurement procedures Part 3-32: Examinations and measurements Polarisation mode dispersion measurement for passive optical components 1) - - - - IEC/PAS 61300-3-38 - Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Basic test and measurement procedures Part 3-38: Group delay and chromatic dispersion IEC 61753-021-2 - EN 61753-021-2 Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components performance standard Part 021-2: Grade C/3 single-mode fibre optic connectors for category C - Controlled environment IEC 61978-1 - Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Fibre optic passive chromatic dispersion compensators Part 1: Generic specification EN 61978-1 - ITU-T Recommendation G.Sup39 - Optical system design and engineering considerations - - 1) At draft stage - BS EN 61753-141-2:2011 61753-141-2  IEC:2011 CONTENTS Scope Normative references Terms and definitions Test Test report Performance requirements 6.1 6.2 6.3 Annex A Reference components Dimensions Test details and requirements (normative) Sample size 14 Bibliography 15 Table – Test and requirements for single channel application Table – Test and requirements for C-band WDM application Table – Test and requirements for L-band WDM application 10 Table – Test and requirements for all applications 11 Table A.1 – Sample size for the tests in Table 14 Table A.2 – Sample size for the tests in Table 14 BS EN 61753-141-2:2011 61753-141-2  IEC:2011 –5– FIBRE OPTIC INTERCONNECTING DEVICES AND PASSIVE COMPONENTS – PERFORMANCE STANDARD – Part 141-2: Fibre optic passive chromatic dispersion compensator using single-mode dispersion compensating fibre for category C – Controlled environments Scope This part of IEC 61753 contains the minimum test and measurement requirements and severity levels that a fibre optic passive chromatic dispersion compensator (PCDC) using single-mode dispersion compensating fibre (DCF) must satisfy in order to be categorised as meeting the IEC standard, Category C – Controlled Environments Generally, PCDCs are used to reduce the magnitude of chromatic dispersion (CD) between regenerators by adding CD to the span that has a sign opposite to the total CD of the cabled fibre and components The requirements cover non-connectorised PCDCs with single-mode fibre at both ends used in single-channel transmission and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmission in single mode fibres (SMF) (IEC60793-2-50, B1/B2/B4) Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies IEC 60793-2-50: Optical fibres – Part 2-50: Product specifications – Sectional specification for class B single-mode fibres IEC 61300-2-1, Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Basic test and measurement procedures – Part 2-1: Tests – Vibration (sinusoidal) IEC 61300-2-4, Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Basic test and measurement procedures – Part 2-4: Tests – Fibre/cable retention IEC 61300-2-9, Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Basic test and measurement procedures – Part 2-9: Tests – Shock IEC 61300-2-17, Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Basic test and measurement procedures – Part 2-17: Tests – Cold IEC 61300-2-18, Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Basic test and measurement procedures – Part 2-18: Tests – Dry heat – High temperature endurance IEC 61300-2-19, Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Basic test and measurement procedures – Part 2-19: Tests – Damp heat (steady state) IEC 61300-2-22, Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Basic test and measurement procedures – Part 2-22: Tests – Change of temperature IEC 61300-2-42, Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Basic test and measurement procedures – Part 2-42: Tests – Static side load for connectors –6– BS EN 61753-141-2:2011 61753-141-2  IEC:2011 IEC 61300-2-44, Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Basic test and measurement procedures – Part 2-44: Tests – Flexing of the strain relief of fibre optic devices IEC 61300-3-2, Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Basic test and measurement procedures – Part 3-2: Examination and measurements – Polarization dependent loss in a single-mode fibre optic device IEC 61300-3-4, Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Basic test and measurement procedures – Part 3-4: Examinations and measurements – Attenuation IEC 61300-3-7, Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Basic test and measurement procedures – Part 3-7: Examinations and measurements – Wavelength dependence of attenuation and return loss of single mode components IEC 61300-3-32, Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Basic test and measurement procedures – Part 3-32: Examinations and measurements – Polarization mode dispersion measurement for passive optical components IEC/PAS 61300-3-38, Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Basic test and measurement procedures – Part 3-38: Examinations and measurements – Group delay and chromatic dispersion IEC 61753-021-2, Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Part 021-2: Grade C/3 single-mode fibre optic connectors for category C – Controlled environment IEC 61978-1, Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Fibre optic passive dispersion compensators – Part 1: Generic specification ITU-T Recommendation G.Sup39, Optical system design and engineering considerations Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply 3.1 chromatic dispersion CD derivative of group delay with respect to wavelength or frequency A typical unit is ps/nm or ps/GHz The chromatic dispersion generally varies with the operating wavelength 3.2 polarisation dependent loss PDL the maximum variation of insertion loss due to a variation of the state of polarization (SOP) over all the SOPs 3.3 wavelength dependent loss WDL the maximum variation of the insertion loss over operating wavelength range 3.4 polarisation mode dispersion PMD the change in the shape and width of the pulse due to the average delay of the travelling time between the two principal states of polarization (PSP), differential group delay (DGD), and/or BS EN 61753-141-2:2011 61753-141-2  IEC:2011 –7– to the waveform distortion for each PSP, when an optical signal passes through an optical fibre, component or subsystem NOTE PMD, together with polarization dependent loss (PDL) and polarization dependent gain (PDG), when applicable, may introduce waveform distortion leading to unacceptable bit error rate increase Test The samples shall be terminated onto SMF as per the same fibre type to be specified according to the relevant IEC classification for SMF (IEC 60793-2-50) All tests are to be carried out to validate performance over the required operating wavelength range As shown in IEC 61978-1, the operating wavelength range of DCF is either single channel application or multi channel WDM application and each range is shown in Tables to of Clause Test report Fully documented test reports and supporting evidence shall be prepared and be available for inspection as evidence that the tests have been carried out and complied with 6.1 Performance requirements Reference components The testing for these components does not require the use of reference components 6.2 Dimensions Dimensions shall comply with either an appropriate IEC interface standard or with those given in appropriate manufacturers drawings, where the IEC interface standard does not exist or cannot be used 6.3 Test details and requirements The requirements are given only for pigtailed devices For connectorised components, the connector performances shall be in compliance with IEC 61753-021-2 –8– BS EN 61753-141-2:2011 61753-141-2  IEC:2011 Table – Test and requirements for single channel application No Tests Operating wavelength range CD deviation Requirements 550 nm ± 20nm CD shall be specified for the operating wavelength range The deviation of CD: ≤3 % of the nominal (target) CD value Insertion loss Details IEC 61300-3-38 The deviation of CD shall be determined as the worst case over the operating wavelength range ≤1,5 + 5,5 × CD × 10 –3 dB IEC 61300-3-4 CD is the nominal chromatic dispersion with a unit of ps/nm IEC 61300-3-7 insertion method C Fibre length of PCDC pigtail: ≥ 1,5 m The insertion loss shall be determined as the worst case over the wavelength range PDL ≤0,1 dB IEC 61300-3-2 method The PDL shall be determined as the worst case over all polarization states for the operating wavelength range WDL PMD NA a ≤0,2 + 0,03 × (|CD|) 1/ ps CD is the nominal chromatic dispersion with a unit of ps/nm a The equation was introduced from a survey of commercial products IEC 61300-3-32 BS EN 61753-141-2:2011 61753-141-2  IEC:2011 –9– Table – Test and requirements for C-band WDM application No Tests Requirements Operating wavelength range 530 to 565 nm within C-band a CD deviation CD shall be specified for the operating wavelength range The deviation of CD: ≤5 % of the nominal (target) CD value Insertion loss PDL Details IEC 61300-3-38 The deviation of CD shall be determined as the worst case over the operating wavelength range ≤1,5 + 5,5 × CD × 10 –3 dB IEC 61300-3-4 Applies for the full wavelength range IEC 61300-3-7 insertion method C CD is the nominal chromatic dispersion at the centre of the operating wavelength range with a unit of ps/nm Fibre length of PCDC pigtail: ≥ 1,5 m ≤0,1 dB IEC 61300-3-2 method The insertion loss shall be determined as the worst case over the wavelength range The PDL shall be determined as the worst case over all polarization states for the operating wavelength range WDL IEC 61300-3-4 ≤1,0 dB IEC 61300-3-7 Fibre length of PCDC pigtail: ≥ 1,5 m PMD b ≤0,2 + 0,03 × (|CD|) 1/ ps CD is the nominal chromatic dispersion at the centre wavelength of the operating wavelength range with a unit of ps/nm a C-band range is defined in ITU-T Supplement G.39 b The equation was introduced from a survey of commercial products IEC 61300-3-32 BS EN 61753-141-2:2011 61753-141-2  IEC:2011 – 10 – Table – Test and requirements for L-band WDM application No Tests Requirements Details a Operating wavelength range 565 to 610 nm within L-band CD deviation CD shall be specified for the operating wavelength range The deviation of CD: ≤5 % of the nominal (target) CD value Insertion loss PDL IEC 61300-3-38 The deviation of CD shall be determined as the worst case over the operating wavelength range ≤1,5 + 5,5 × CD × 10 –3 dB IEC 61300-3-4 insertion methodC Applies for the full wavelength range IEC 61300-3-7 CD is the nominal chromatic dispersion at the centre of the operating wavelength range with a unit of ps/nm Fibre length of PCDC pigtail: ≥ 1,5 m ≤0,1 dB IEC 61300-3-2 method The insertion loss shall be determined as the worst case over the wavelength range The PDL shall be determined as the worst case over all polarization states for the operating wavelength range WDL IEC 61300-3-4 insertion method C ≤1,0 dB IEC 61300-3-7 Fibre length of PCDC pigtail: ≥ 1,5 m PMD b ≤0,2 + 0,03 × (|CD|) 1/ ps IEC 61300-3-32 CD is the nominal chromatic dispersion at the centre wavelength of the operating wavelength range with a unit of ps/nm a L-band range is defined in ITU-T Supplement G.39 as 565 to 625 nm, but due to technical limitations, 565 to 610 nm is applied to PCDC using DCF b The equation was introduced from a survey of commercial products BS EN 61753-141-2:2011 61753-141-2  IEC:2011 – 11 – Table – Test and requirements for all applications No Tests Damp heat (Steady state) Requirements During the test the limits of test No and in Tables 1, or shall be met Moreover on completion of the test the insertion loss of the devices shall be within ± 0,5 dB of the original value at ambient conditions Details IEC 61300-2-19 Temperature: 40 °C ± °C Relative humidity: 93 % +2, -3 % Duration of exposure: 96 h Specimens shall be optically functioning Insertion loss shall be measured before, during (at a maximum interval of h) and after the test CD shall be measured before and after the test Preconditioning procedure: Before test, specimens shall be maintained at room temperature conditions for h Recovery procedure: After test, specimens shall be maintained at room temperature for h Change of temperature During the test the limits of test No and in Tables 1, or shall be met Moreover on completion of the test the insertion loss of the devices shall be within ± 0,5 dB of the original value at ambient conditions IEC 61300-2-22 High temperature: 60 °C ± °C Low temperature: -10 °C ± °C Duration at extreme temperature: 60 Temperature rate of change: ≥ °C/min Number of cycles: Specimens shall be optically functioning Insertion loss shall be measured before, during (at a maximum interval of 10 min) and after the test CD shall be measured before and after the test Preconditioning procedure: Before test, specimens shall be maintained at room temperature conditions for h Recovery procedure: After test, specimens shall be maintained at room temperature for h High temperature endurance During the test the limits of test No and in Tables 1, or shall be met Moreover on completion of the test the insertion loss of the devices shall be within ± 0,5 dB of the original value at ambient conditions IEC 61300-2-18 High temperature: 60 °C ± °C Duration of exposure: 96hrs Specimens shall be optically functioning Insertion loss shall be measured before, during (at a maximum interval of h) and after the test CD shall be measured before and after the test Preconditioning procedure: Before test, specimens shall be maintained at room temperature conditions for h Recovery procedure: After test, specimens shall be maintained at room temperature for h – 12 – BS EN 61753-141-2:2011 61753-141-2  IEC:2011 Table (continued) No Tests Cold Requirements During the test the limits of test No and in Tables 1, or shall be met Moreover on completion of the test the insertion loss of the devices shall be within ± 0,5 dB of the original value at ambient conditions Details IEC 61300-2-17 Temperature: -10 °C ± °C Duration of exposure: 96 h Specimens shall be optically functioning Insertion loss shall be measured before, during (at a maximum interval of h) and after the test CD shall be measured before and after the test Preconditioning procedure: Before test, specimens shall be maintained at room temperature conditions for h Recovery procedure: After test, specimens shall be maintained at room temperature for h Vibration (Sinusoidal) During the test the limits of test No and in Tables 1, or shall be met Moreover on completion of the test the insertion loss of the devices shall be within ± 0,5 dB of the original value at ambient conditions IEC 61300-2-1 Frequency range: 10 – 55 Hz Duration per axis: 20 Number of axes: orthogonal Number of sweeps (10 – 55 – 10 Hz): 12 per axis Vibration amplitude: 1,52 mm (or max of 20 G) Specimens shall be optically functioning Insertion loss shall be measured before, during and after the test CD shall be measured before and after the test Shock The limits of test No and in Tables 1, or shall be met before and after the test On completion of the test the insertion loss of the devices shall be within ± 0,5 dB of the original value IEC 61300-2-9 50 g n, axes, directions, shocks per direction 12 shocks total Nominal ms duration, half sine pulse Specimens shall not be actively monitored during the test Insertion loss and CD shall be measured before and after the test BS EN 61753-141-2:2011 61753-141-2  IEC:2011 – 13 – Table (continued) No Tests Fibre / Cable retention a Requirements The limits of test No and in Tables 1, or shall be met The insertion loss of the devices shall be within ± 0,5 dB of the original value Details IEC 61300-2-4 Magnitude & rate of application of the tensile load: 10 ± N at a speed of 0,5 N/s for reinforced cable ± 0,5 N at a speed of 0,5 N/s for buffered fibre Point of application of tensile load: 0,3 m from the end of the device Duration of the test (maintaining the load): 120 s at 10 N and 60 s at N Sampling rate: Insertion loss shall be measured at least once after the load has reached its maximum level and been maintained for a minimum period of 30 s Insertion loss shall be measured before, during and after the test CD shall be measured before and after the test Static side load a, b During the test the limits of test No and in Tables 1, or shall be met Moreover on completion of the test the insertion loss of the devices shall be within ± 0,5 dB of the original value at ambient conditions IEC 61300-2-42 Magnitude & duration of the tensile load: N for h minimum for reinforced cable 0,2 N for minimum for buffered fibre Point of application of tensile load: 0,3 m from the end of the device and two mutually perpendicular directions as permitted by the product design Specimens shall be optically functioning Insertion loss shall be measured before, during and after the test CD shall be measured before and after the test Optical fibre cable flexing During the test the limits of test No and in Tables 1, or shall be met Moreover on completion of the test the insertion loss of the devices shall be within ± 0,5 dB of the original value at ambient conditions IEC 61300-2-44 Magnitude of the tensile load: N for reinforced cable Cycle: ±90 ° Number of cycles: 30 Specimens shall be optically functioning Insertion loss shall be measured before, during and after the test CD shall be measured before and after the test a b These tests should be applicable to PCDCs which incorporate fibre or fibre cable pigtails in their product design Static side load should be applied in two mutually perpendicular directions as permitted by the product design For example, a product with a base plate extending beyond the fibre exit may prohibit loading in that direction – 14 – BS EN 61753-141-2:2011 61753-141-2  IEC:2011 Annex A (normative) Sample size Table A.1 – Sample size for the tests in Table Item Test Sample size Operating wavelength range 12 Chromatic dispersion deviation 12 Insertion loss 12 PDL 12 WDL 12 PMD 12 Table A.2 – Sample size for the tests in Table Item Test Sample size Damp heat (Steady state) Change of temperature High temperature endurance Cold Vibration (Sinusoidal) 6 Shock Fibre / Cable retention Static side load Optical fibre / cable flexing BS EN 61753-141-2:2011 61753-141-2  IEC:2011 – 15 – Bibliography IEC 61753-1, Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components performance standard – Part 1: General and guidance for performance standards IEC 62074-1, Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Fibre optic WDM devices – Part 1: Generic specification ITU-T Recommendation G.671, Transmission characteristics of optical components and subsystems This page deliberately left blank NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW British Standards Institution (BSI) BSI is the national body responsible for preparing British Standards and other standards-related publications, information and services BSI is incorporated by Royal Charter British Standards and other standardization products are published by BSI Standards Limited About us Revisions We bring together business, industry, government, consumers, innovators and others to shape their combined experience and expertise into standards -based solutions Our British Standards and other publications are updated by amendment or revision The knowledge embodied in 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