112 G government purchases (X – M) net exports Further, the GDP is also defined as a total primary sector, in which the percentage of GDP growth rates as a comprehensive economic indicator represents[.]
112 G: government purchases (X – M): net exports Further, the GDP is also defined as a total primary sector, in which the percentage of GDP growth rates as a comprehensive economic indicator represents the country’s level of development Values to calculate the GDP and percentage of GDP growth rates are derived from the calculated values of the development model for each scenario in this study c) Impact on investments Investment in Vietnam is reflected in the entire economy’s investment indicators, and is composed of three types: working capital and public and private fixed capital The efficiency of these investments in industry will vary, as they depend on the GDP values resulting from various scenarios Vietnam’s investment components primarily consist of working capital, as the largest capital component; and fixed capital, which is divided into public and private types The working capital values not significantly change among scenarios As private fixed-capital contributors are sources of investment in the SC2Energy, SC5-EFW and SC6-Low Carbon scenarios, the GDP, labour force and related components grow well as a result The investment value is derived from the calculated value of the development model for each of this study’s specific scenarios d) Impacts on Trade- balance The trade balance is a significant factor in nations’ foreign trade, which represents either a surplus or deficit between the country’s exports and imports during a certain period of time The difference between the outputs from these two indices indicates the country’s competitiveness in the trade sector If exports dominate imports, the national currency will be strengthened and the economy will positively develop Conversely, if imports are greater than exports, this represents the country’s low competitiveness; the trade balance is in equilibrium when the difference is zero Each year and scenario’s trade balances differ e) Environmental impacts - CO2 emissions This research identifies environmental impacts as the total CO emissions across scenarios with technological changes, especially in the electricity supply and consumption