An integrated approach to policy, informed by the nexus will therefore be needed to redress the security challenge (12)

111  Identifying the composite value As the value has been equally distributed with the same range of reference, the composite value X is be calculated using the following formula X = [x Min(x)] / [M[.]

111  Identifying the composite value: As the value has been equally distributed with the same range of reference, the composite value X is be calculated using the following formula: X = [x - Min(x)] / [Max(x) - Min(x)]  Determining the average value for each composite parameter: Each energy, food and water security parameter has an average value, defined as: 𝑋̅ = ∑𝑛1 𝑋𝑖 𝑛 Step 6-b: Assessment of social, economic and environmental impacts The major attributes in analysing the impacts of energy, food and water security as well as social, economic, and environmental prospects; these are numerically identified in this section a) Impacts on employment The input-output model in this research handles wages and salaries as directly proportionate to the sectoral output Hence, output from an economic change sector would also impact that sector’s employment in response to changes in the sector’s consumption However, the absolute values of wages and salaries would depend on the output’s volume as well as the employment ratio Therefore, for the same level of impact on the total output, shares with high values for this ratio would exhibit substantial changes in employment The values to calculate employment are derived from the calculated value of the model developed through each scenario created in this study and the GSO’s labour data b) Impact on economic growth (GDP) The nation’s GDP is the monetary value of all final products and services generated in the country over a specified duration of time, typically one year Expenditures Approach: GDP = C + I + G + (X-M) where C: gross private consumption expenditures I: gross private investments