Bsi bs en 60633 1999 + a2 2015

BRITISH STANDARD Terminology for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission ICS 01.040.29; 29.200 BS EN EN 60633:1999 60633:1999 +A2:2015 +A1:2009 BS EN 60633:1999+A2:2015 Foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 60633:1999+A2:2015 It is identical to IEC 60633:1998, incorporating amendment 1:2009 and amendment 2:2015 It supersedes BS EN 60633:1999+A1:2009 which is withdrawn The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags Tags indicating changes to IEC text carry the number of the IEC amendment For example, text altered by IEC amendment is indicated by  The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PEL/22, Power electronics A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Electrotechnical Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 April 1999 © The British Standards Institution 2015 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015 ISBN 978 580 80956 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Comments 28 February 2010 Implementation of IEC amendment 1:2009 with CENELEC endorsement A1:2009 31 October 2015 Implementation of IEC amendment 2:2015 with CENELEC endorsement A2:2015: Annex ZA amended EUROPEAN STANDARD 60633:1999+A2 EN 60633:1999+A1 NORME EUROPÉENNE November September2009 2015 EUROPÄISCHE NORM ICS 29.200 English version Terminology for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission (IEC 60633:1998) Terminologie pour le transport d’énergie en courant continu haute tension (CCHT) (CEI 60633:1998) Terminologie für Hochspannungsgleichstromübertragung (HGÜ) (IEC 60633:1998) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 1999-01-01 CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B-1050 Brussels © 1999 CENELEC — All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members Ref No EN 60633:1999 E on C s 0-01 The text of document 22F/49/FDIS, future edition 60633:1999+A1:2009 BS EN 60633:1999+A2:2015 of IEC 60633, prepared by SC 22F, Power EN 60633:1999+A2:2015 60633:1999+A1:2009 electronics for electrical transmission and distribution systems, of IEC TC 22, Power electronics, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 60633 on 1999-01-01 The following dates were fixed: EN has to be implemented Foreword The text of document 22F/153/CDV, future amendment to IEC 60633:1998, prepared by SC 22F, Power electronics for electrical transmission and distribution systems, of IEC TC 22, Power electronic systems and equipment, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as amendment A1 to EN 60633:1999 on 2009-09-01 The following to dates were fixed: A1 Foreword amendment body the standard — of latest date by which the EN has to beAnnex implemented In this standard, ZA is normative at national level by Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC publication of an identical national standard or by Endorsement notice endorsement (dop) 1999-10-01 —text latest dateInternational by which theStandard The of the national standards IEC 60633:1998 was approved by CENELEC as a conflicting withwithout the ENany modification European Standard have to be withdrawn (dow) 2001-10-01 In the official version, for the Bibliography, the following notes have “normative” to be added for Annexes designated arethe partstandards of the indicated: body of the standard NOTE ZA Harmonized as In IEC this60076 standard, Annex is normative HD 398 (modified) series and as Annex ZA has beenEN added CENELEC 60076by (modified) series – latest date by which the (dow) 2012-09-01 withdrawn amendment has to be implemented at national Endorsement notice level by publication of The an textidentical of amendment national1:2009 to the International Standard IEC 60633:1998 was standard or by approved by CENELEC as an amendment to endorsement (dop) 2010-06-01 the European Standard without any – latest date by which modification the national standards conflicting with the Foreword to have amendment A2 amendment to be withdrawn (dow)future 2012-09-01 The text of document 22F/340/CDV, — latest date by which the at national level by publication of an22F/49/FDIS, identical The text of document future edition national standard or SC by 22F, Power of IEC 60633, prepared by endorsement (dop) 1999-10-01 electronics for electrical transmission and distribution systems, of IEC TC 22, Power — latest date by which the electronics, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC national standards parallel vote andwith was the approved conflicting EN by CENELEC as EN 60633 have on to 1999-01-01 be withdrawn (dow) 2001-10-01 The following dates were fixed: are part of the Annexes designated “normative” IEC 60099 NOTE Harmonized in the IEC 60146-1-3 NOTE Harmonized as IEC 60076 NOTE Harmonized as HD 398 (modified) series and as EN 60076 (modified) series IEC 60099 NOTE Harmonized in the EN 60099 (modified) series IEC 60146-1-3 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60146-1-3:1993 (not modified) IEC 60617-4 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60617-4:1996 (not modified) IEC 60617-7 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60617-7:1996 (not modified) EN 60099 (modified) series Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard EN 60146-1-3:1993 (not modified) IEC 60633:1998 was approved by CENELEC as a NOTE Harmonized as IEC 60617-4 60617-4:1996 (not modified) European StandardEN without any modification NOTE Harmonized as In IEC the 60617-7 official version, for the Bibliography, the EN 60617-7:1996 (not modified) following notes have to be added for the standards indicated: Foreword to amendment A1 The text of document 22F/153/CDV, future amendment to IEC 60633:1998, prepared by SC 22F, Power electronics for electrical transmission and distribution systems, of IEC TC 22, Power electronic systems and equipment, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as amendment A1 to EN 60633:1999 on 2009-09-01 The following dates were fixed: 2 – latest date by which the amendment has to be implemented at national level by publication of – latest date by which the The amendment text of document future has to22F/153/CDV, be amendment to IEC 60633:1998, prepared implemented at national by SC 22F, electronics for electrical level byPower publication of transmission and distribution systems, of an identical national IEC standard TC 22, Power electronic systems and or by equipment, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC endorsement (dop) 2010-06-01 parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC – latest date by which as amendment A1 to EN 60633:1999 on the national standards 2009-09-01 conflicting with the The amendment following dates were fixed: have to be IEC 60633:1998/A2, prepared by SC 22F Endorsement “Power electronics notice for electrical transmission and distribution systems” of IEC/TC 22 The text of amendment 1:2009 to the “Power electronic systems and equipment” International Standard IEC 60633:1998 was was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC approved by and CENELEC as by anCENELEC amendment parallel vote approved asto the European Standard without any EN 60633:1999/A2:2015 modification The following dates are fixed: – latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2016-06-02 – latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the document have to be withdrawn (dow) 2018-09-02 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights CENELEC © BSI 2010 [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 60633:1998/A2:2015 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification © BSI 2010 © The British Standards Institution 2015 BS EN 60633:1999+A2:2015 EN 60633:1999+A2:2015 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies NOTE 1  When an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies NOTE 2  Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available here: www.cenelec.eu Publication Year Title EN/HD Year IEC 60027 Series Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology EN 60027 Series IEC 60050-551 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) Part 551: Power electronics - - IEC 60146-1-1 - Semiconductor converters - General requirements and line commutated converters Part 1-1: Specification of basic requirements EN 60146-1-1 - IEC 60617-5 - Graphical symbols for diagrams - Part 5: Semiconductors and electron tubes EN 60617-5 - IEC 60617-6 - Graphical symbols for diagrams - Part 6: Production and conversion of electrical energy EN 60617-6 - © The British Standards Institution 2015 BS EN 60633:1999+A2:2015 EN 60633:1999+A2:2015 Contents Page Foreword2 1 Scope Normative references Symbols and abbreviations 3.1 List of letter symbols 3.2 List of subscripts 3.3 List of abbreviations Graphical symbols 5 General terms related to converter circuits7 5.1 Conversion 5.2 Converter connection 5.3 Bridge (converter connection) 5.4 (Converter) arm 5.5 By-pass path 5.6 Commutation 5.7 Commutating group 5.8 Commutation inductance 5.9 Pulse number p8 5.10 Commutation number q8 5.11 Capacitor commutated converter 5.12 Controlled series capacitor converter 8 5.13 Commutating voltage 5.14 Controlled capacitor commutated converter8 5.15 Series capacitor converter8 Converter units and valves 6.1 Converter unit 6.2 (Converter) bridge 6.3 Valve 6.4 Main valve 6.5 By-pass valve 6.6 Thyristor module 6.7 Reactor module 6.8 Valve section 6.9 (Valve) thyristor level 6.10 Valve support 6.11 Valve structure 6.12 Valve base electronics (VBE)9 6.13 Valve electronics 6.14 Valve arrester 6.15 Converter unit arrester 6.16 Converter unit d.c bus arrester 6.17 Midpoint d.c bus arrester 6.18 Valve reactor9 6.19 Converter transformer 6.20 By-pass switch 9 6.21 Valve module 6.22 Redundant levels 10 6.23 Valve anode terminal10 Page 6.24 Valve cathode terminal10 Converter operating conditions 10 7.1 Rectifier operation; rectification  10 7.2 Inverter operation; inversion 10 7.3 Forward direction 10 7.4 Reverse direction 10 7.5 Forward current 10 7.6 Reverse current 10 7.7 Forward voltage 10 7.8 Reverse voltage 10 7.9 Conducting state 10 7.10 Valve voltage drop 10 7.11 Non-conducting state; blocking state 10 7.12 Firing 10 7.13 (Valve) control pulse 10 7.14 (Valve) firing pulse 10 7.15 Converter blocking 11 7.16 Converter deblocking 11 7.17 Valve blocking 11 7.18 Valve deblocking 11 7.19 Phase control 11 7.20 (Trigger) delay angle α11 7.21 (Trigger) advance angle β11 7.22 Overlap angle μ11 7.23 Extinction angle γ11 7.24 Hold-off interval 11 7.25 Conduction interval 11 7.26 Blocking interval; idle interval 11 7.27 Forward blocking interval 11 7.28 Reverse blocking interval 11 7.29 False firing 11 7.30 Firing failure 11 7.31 Commutation failure 11 7.32 Short-circuit ratio (SCR) 11 7.33 Effective short-circuit ratio (ESCR) 12 7.34 Triggering; gating 12 12 7.35 Operating state 7.36 Blocked state 12 7.37 Valve voltage12 HVDC systems and substations 12 8.1 HVDC system 12 8.2 HVDC transmission system 12 8.3 Unidirectional HVDC system 12 8.4 Bi-directional HVDC system12 8.5 (HVDC) (system) pole 12 8.6 (HVDC) (system) bipole 12 8.7 Bipolar (HVDC) system 12 8.8 (Asymmetric) monopolar (HVDC) system12 8.9 HVDC substation 13 © The British Standards Institution 2015 BS EN 60633:1999+A2:2015 EN 60633:1999+A2:2015 Page Page 8.10 (HVDC) substation bipole 13 11.2 HVDC system control 15 8.11 (HVDC) substation pole 13 11.3 (HVDC) master control 15 8.12 HVDC transmission line 13 11.4 (HVDC system) bipole control 15 8.13 HVDC transmission line pole 13 11.5 (HVDC system) pole control 16 8.14 Earth electrode 13 11.6 (HVDC) substation control 16 8.15 Earth electrode line 13 11.7 Converter unit control 16 13 11.8 Valve control unit (VCU) 16 8.16 Symmetrical monopole 8.17 Rigid DC current bipolar system 13 11.9 Integrated AC/DC system control16 8.18 Symmetrical monopolar (HVDC) system 13 12 Control functions 16 8.19 Earth return 13 12.1 Equal delay angle control; individual phase control 16 8.20 Metallic return 13 12.2 Equidistant firing control 16 8.21 Series converter configuration 13 12.3 α control 16 8.22 Unitary connection 13 12.4 Minimum α control 16 8.23 Isolated generating system 14 12.5 γ control 17 8.24 Point of common coupling (PCC) 14 12.6 Minimum γ control 17 8.25 Point of common coupling – DC side (PCC-DC)14 12.7 Control order 17 HVDC substation equipment 14 12.8 Current margin 17 14 12.9 Voltage dependent current 9.1 AC (harmonic) filter order limit (VDCOL) 17 9.2 (DC) smoothing reactor14 12.10 Pole (current) balancing 17 9.3 DC reactor arrester 14 Annex ZA (normative) Normative 9.4 DC harmonic filter14 references to international publications 9.5 DC damping circuit 14 with their corresponding European 9.6 DC surge capacitor 14 publications3 9.7 DC bus arrester 14 Bibliography29 9.8 DC line arrester 14 Figure — Graphical symbols 17 9.9 HVDC substation earth 14 Figure — Bridge converter connection 18 9.10 (DC) neutral bus capacitor 14 Figure — Example of a converter unit 19 9.11 (DC) neutral bus arrester 14 Figure — Commutation process at rectifier 9.12 Metallic return transfer and inverter modes of operation 20 breaker (MRTB) 14 Figure — Illustrations of commutation in 9.13 Earth return transfer breaker (ERTB) 14 inverter operation 21 14 9.14 AC high frequency (HF) filter Figure — Typical valve voltage waveforms 22 9.15 DC high frequency (HF) filter 15 Figure — Example of an HVDC substation 23 9.16 Neutral bus switch (NBS) 15 Figure — Example of a bipolar 9.17 Neutral bus grounding switch two-terminal HVDC transmission system 24 (NBGS)15 Figure — Example of a multiterminal 10 Modes of control 15 bipolar HVDC transmission system with 10.1 Control mode 15 parallel connected HVDC substations 25 10.2 DC voltage control mode15 Figure 10 — Example of a multiterminal 10.3 Current control mode 15 bipolar HVDC transmission system with 10.4 Active power control mode15 series connected HVDC substations 26 10.5 Reactive power control mode 15 Figure 11 — A simplified steady-state voltage-current characteristic of an 10.6 Frequency control mode 15 HVDC system 26 10.7 Damping control mode 15 Figure 12 — Hierarchical structure of an 15 10.8 AC voltage control mode HVDC control system 27 10.9 Islanded network operation mode 15 Figure 13 — Capacitor commutated converter 10.10 SSTI damping control mode15 configurations28 11 Control systems 15 11.1 (HVDC) Control system 15 © The British Standards Institution 2015 s sion ns nly nal BS EN 60633:1999+A1:2009 EN 60633:1999+A1:2009 BS EN 60633:1999+A2:2015 EN 60633:1999+A2:2015 Scope This International Standard defines terms for Scope high-voltage direct current (HVDC) power This International Standard for transmission systems and fordefines HVDC terms substations high-voltage direct current (HVDC) power using electronic power converters for the conversion Scope systems transmission for HVDC substations from a.c to d.c or viceand versa usingInternational electronic power converters for the conversion This Standard for This isorapplicable todefines HVDCterms substations from standard a.c to d.c vice versa high-voltage direct current (HVDC) power with line commutated converters, most commonly This standard is applicable to(double HVDCway) substations transmission systems and for HVDC substations based on three-phase bridge with line commutated converters, most commonly using electronic power converters for the conversion connections (see Figure 2) in which unidirectional based on three-phase bridge (double way) from a.c to d.c or vice versa electronic valves, e.g semiconductor valves, are connections (see 2) intowhich unidirectional This standard is Figure applicable HVDC substations used electronic valves, e.g semiconductor valves, are with line commutated converters, most commonly used based on three-phase bridge (double way) Normative references connections (see Figure 2) in which unidirectional The following normative documents contain Normative electronic valves, references e.g semiconductor valves, are provisions which, through reference in this text, used The following normative documents contain constitute provisions of this International Standard provisions which, through reference in this text, At the time of publication, the editions indicated Normative references constitute provisions of this International Standard were valid All normative documents are subject to At time publication, theineditions indicated The following normative documents contain the The following documents, whole or inonpart, revision, andofparties to agreements based this were valid All normative documents are provisions which, through in this text, to are normatively referenced in this document International Standard arereference encouraged tosubject revision, and parties tofor agreements based on this constitute provisions of this and are indispensable its application For investigate the possibility ofInternational applying theStandard most International Standard are encouraged to At the time of publication, the editions indicated recent editions of the normative documents dated references, only the edition cited applies investigate the possibility of applying the most were valid All normative documents are indicated below Members oflatest IEC and ISOsubject For undated references, the edition of the to recent editions of the normative documents revision, and parties agreements on this referenced document (including any based amendments) maintain registers of to currently valid International indicated Members IEC and ISO International Standard areofencouraged to applies.below Standards maintain registers of currently valid International investigate the parts), possibility of symbols applying IEC 60027 (all Letter tothe bemost used in Standards recent editions of the normative documents electrical technology IEC 60027below (all parts), Letter be used in indicated Members of symbols IEC andtoISO IEC 60050-551 60050-551:1998, Electrotechnical textInternational deleted, International electrical maintain technology registers of currently valid International Vocabulary — Part 551: Power Electrotechnical Vocabulary — electronics Part 551: Power Standards IEC 60050-551:1998, International Electrotechnical electronics IEC 60146-1-1:1991, General requirements and line IEC 60027 (all parts), Letter symbols to be used in Vocabulary — Part 551: Power electronics commutated convertors — Part 1-1: Specifications of IEC 60146-1-1 text deleted , General electrical technology IEC 60146-1-1:1991, General requirements and line basic requirements requirements and line commutated convertors — commutated convertors — Part 1-1: Electrotechnical Specifications of IEC 60050-551:1998, International Part 60617-5:1996, 1-1: Specifications of basic requirements IEC Graphical symbols for basic requirements Vocabulary — Part 551: Power electronics diagrams — Part 5: Semiconductors and electron IEC 60617-5 textGraphical deleted  , Graphical 60617-5:1996, symbols for symbols IEC 60146-1-1:1991, General requirements and line tubes for diagrams — Part 5: — Semiconductors diagrams — convertors Part 5: Semiconductors andand electron of commutated Part 1-1: Specifications IEC 60617-6:1996, Graphical symbols for electron tubes basic requirements tubes diagrams — Part 6: Production and conversion of 60617-6 textGraphical deletedsymbols , Graphical 60617-6:1996, IEC 60617-5:1996, for symbols electrical energy for diagrams — Part 6: Production 6: Semiconductors Production andand conversion of diagrams — Part 5: andconversion electron of electrical energy electrical energy tubes Symbols and abbreviations IEC 60617-6:1996, Graphical symbols for The list coversand only the most frequently used Symbols diagrams — Part 6: abbreviations Production and conversion of symbols For a more complete list of the symbols electrical energy The list covers only the most frequently used which have been adopted for static converters symbols For a more complete list of the see IEC 60027 and other standards listedsymbols in the Symbols and abbreviations which havereferences been adopted for static converters normative and the bibliography BSother EN standards 60633:1999+A1:2009 see IEC 60027 and listed in the The list covers onlysymbols the most frequently used 3.1 List ofreferences letter EN 60633:1999+A1:2009 normative and the bibliography symbols For a more complete list of the symbols directadopted voltagefor (any defined value) UList d have which been static converters 3.1 of letter symbols seeU 60027 and other standards listed in the conventional no-load direct voltage UIEC d0 direct voltage (any defined value) d normative references and the bibliography ideal no-load direct voltage U  nominal  no-load direct voltage conventional no-load direct voltage Udi0 d0 3.1UList of letter symbols rated direct voltage dN ideal no-load direct voltage Udi0 direct voltage (any defined value) Ud rated direct voltage UdN conventional no-load direct voltage Ud0 UL line-to-line voltage on line side of ideal no-load direct voltage Udi0 converter transformer, r.m.s value including harmonics direct voltage UdN2010 rated © BSI ULN rated value of UL © BSI 2010 Uv0 no-load phase-to-phase voltage on the valve side of transformer, r.m.s value excluding harmonics © 2010 BSI direct current (any defined value) Id rated direct current IdN line-to-line voltage on line side of converter transformer, r.m.s value UL line-to-line voltage on line side of including harmonics converter transformer, r.m.s value rated value of UL ULN including harmonics Uv0 no-load phase-to-phase voltage on the rated value voltage of UL on line side of line-to-line ULLN valve side of transformer, r.m.s value converter transformer, r.m.s value Uv0 no-load phase-to-phase excluding harmonics voltage on the including valve side harmonics of transformer, r.m.s value direct current (any defined value) Id excluding harmonics rated value of UL ULN rated direct current IIdN direct current (any defined value) U no-load phase-to-phase voltage on the d v0 current onof line side of converter IIL valve side transformer, r.m.s value rated direct current dN transformer, r.m.s value including excluding harmonics current on line side of converter IL harmonics direct currentr.m.s (any defined value) Id transformer, value including rated value of IL ILN rated direct current IdN harmonics IIv current on valve side of transformer, rated value of ILside current on line of converter LN L r.m.s value including harmonics transformer, r.m.s value including Iv current on valve side of transformer, ¶ (trigger) delay angle harmonics r.m.s value including harmonics ¶ (trigger) advance angle rated value of Iangle I¶LN (trigger) delay L extinction angle I¾ current on valve side of transformer, ¶v (trigger) advance angle È overlap angle r.m.s value including harmonics ắ extinction angle p pulse number ả (trigger) delay angle È overlap angle q commutation number ¶ (trigger) advance angle p pulse number 3.2¾ extinction angle qList of subscripts commutation number È overlap angle (zero) at no load 3.2 List of subscripts p pulse N rated number value or at rated load (zero) at no load q commutation d direct currentnumber or voltage N rated value or at rated load 3.2i List of subscripts ideal d direct current or voltage L (zero) line at noside loadof converter transformer i ideal v valve side ofor converter transformer N rated value at rated load L line side of converter transformer max maximum d direct current or voltage v valve side of converter transformer minimum imin ideal max maximum n pertaining harmonic component of L line side of to converter transformer minimum order n v valve side of n pertaining toconverter harmonictransformer component of 3.3max List of abbreviations maximum order n minimum The following abbreviations are always in capital 3.3 List of abbreviations letters dots.to harmonic component of n and without pertaining The following abbreviations are always in capital order n HVDC high-voltage direct current letters and without dots multiple valve (unit) (see 6.3.2) 3.3MVU List of abbreviations HVDC high-voltage direct current SCR short-circuit ratio 7.32)in capital The following abbreviations are(see always MVU multiple valve (unit) (see 6.3.2) ESCR effectivedots short-circuit ratio (see 7.33) letters and without SCR short-circuit ratio (see 7.32) MTDC multiterminal HVDC transmission HVDC high-voltage direct current ESCR effective short-circuit ratio (see 7.33) system (see 8.2.2) MVU multiple valve (unit) (see 6.3.2) MTDC multiterminal HVDC transmission MRTB metallic return transfer SCR short-circuit ratio (see 7.32) system (see 8.2.2) breaker (see 9.12) ESCR effective short-circuit ratio (see 7.33) MRTB metallic return transfer ERTB earth return transfer (see 9.12) MTDC breaker multiterminal HVDC transmission breaker (see 9.13) system (see 8.2.2) ERTB earth return transfer VDCOL voltage dependent current order breaker (see 9.13) MRTB metallic return transfer limit (see 12.9) breaker (see 9.12) VDCOL voltage dependent current order limit 12.9) ERTB earth(see return transfer breaker (see 9.13)torsional interaction SSTI sub-synchronous VDCOL (see voltage dependent current order 10.10)  limit (see 12.9) UL 5 © The British Standards Institution 2015 symbols which this standard hical symbols onverters, converter he following BS EN 60633:1999+A1:2009 EN 60633:1999+A1:2009 Graphical symbols Figure shows the specific graphical symbols which are defined only for the purposes of this standard For a more complete list of the graphical symbols which have been adopted for static converters, seeGraphical IEC 60617-5 symbols and IEC 60617-6 Figure showsterms the specific graphical symbols which General related to converter are defined only for the purposes of this standard circuits For a more complete list of the graphical symbols For thehave purposes of this standard, following which been adopted for staticthe converters, terms and definitions apply see IEC 60617-5 and IEC 60617-6 NOTE For a more complete list of the terms which have been adopted for staticterms converters, see IEC 60050(551) and General related to converter IEC 60146-1-1 circuits 5.1 For the purposes of this standard, the following conversion terms and definitions apply in the context of HVDC, the transfer of energy from NOTE For aor more the terms whichof have been a.c to d.c vicecomplete versa, list or of a combination these adopted for static converters, see IEC 60050(551) and operations IEC 60146-1-1 5.2 5.1 converter conversionconnection electrical arrangement arms and other in the context of HVDC,ofthe transfer of energy from components functioning of of these the a.c to d.c ornecessary vice versa,for orthe a combination main power circuit of a converter operations 5.3 5.2 bridge (converter connection) converter connection !double-way connection as illustrated on Figure 2, comprising sixofconverter electrical arrangement arms andarms othersuch that the centre terminals phase terminals components necessary for are the the functioning of the of thepower a.c circuit, the outer terminals main circuitand of athat converter of like polarity are connected together and are the 5.3 bridge (converter connection) d.c terminals" !double-way connection as illustrated on NOTE term “bridge” six mayconverter be used to describe either the Figure The 2, comprising arms such circuit connection or the equipment implementing that that the centre terminals are the phase terminals circuit (see 6.2) of the a.c circuit, and that the outer terminals 5.3.1 of like polarity are connected together and are the uniform bridge d.c terminals" bridge where all converter arms are either NOTE The term may be used to describe either the controllable or “bridge” non-controllable circuit connection or the equipment implementing that 5.3.2 (see 6.2) circuit non-uniform bridge 5.3.1 uniform bridge bridge with both controllable and non-controllable converter arms bridge where all converter arms are either controllable or non-controllable 5.4 (converter) arm 5.3.2 part of an operative circuit used for conversion non-uniform bridge which is connected between an a.c terminal and a d.c terminal, with the ability and to conduct current in bridge with both controllable non-controllable only one direction, defined as the forward converter arms direction (see 7.3) 5.4 (converter) arm NOTE The main function of a converter arm is conversion; it part of an circuit used forpoints conversion part of operative a bridge connecting two of limiting, may also perform additional functions such as voltage damping, which isetc connected a.c terminal and a different potentials between within aan bridge, for example, d.c terminal, with the ability conduct current between an AC terminal and atoDC terminal  in only 5.4.1one direction, defined as the forward direction (see 7.3) controllable converter arm NOTE The main function of a converter arm is conversion; it converter arm additional in whichfunctions the start ofas forward may also perform such voltage limiting, conduction may be determined by an externally damping, etc applied signal 5.4.2 non-controllable converter arm converter arm in which the start of forward conduction is determined solely by the voltage The British Standards © Institution 2015 applied to its terminals 5.5 by-pass path BS EN 60633:1999+A2:2015 EN 60633:1999+A2:2015 5.4.1 controllable converter arm converter arm in which the start of forward conduction may be determined by an externally applied signal 5.4.1 5.4.2 controllable converter arm arm non-controllable converter converter arm in which the start of forward conduction may be determined is determined solelyby byan theexternally voltage applied signal to its terminals 5.5 by-pass path 5.4.2 non-controllable arm low resistance pathconverter between the d.c terminals of one or several a.c circuit converter arm bridges in whichexcluding the startthe of forward NOTE The by-pass path may either constitute unidirectional conduction is determined solely by the avoltage path, e.g atoby-pass arm (see 5.5.1), or a by-pass pair (see 5.5.2), applied its terminals or it may constitute a bidirectional path, e.g a by-pass 5.5 by-pass path switch (see 6.20) 5.5.1resistance path between the d.c terminals of low by-pass arm bridges excluding the a.c circuit one or several NOTE The by-passconducting path may either constitute a unidirectional unidirectionally by-pass path connected path, a by-pass arm (see 5.5.1), commonly or a by-pass pair (see 5.5.2), only e.g between d.c terminals, used with or it may constitute a bidirectional path, e.g a by-pass mercury arc valve technology (not shown in switch (see 6.20) Figure 2) 5.5.1 5.5.2 by-pass arm by-pass pair unidirectionally conducting by-pass path connected two arms of a bridge connected to awith onlyconverter between d.c terminals, commonly used common a.c terminal and forming a by-pass mercury arc valve technology (not shown in path (see Figure 2) Figure 2) 5.6 commutation 5.5.2 by-pass pair transfer of current between any two paths with both paths carrying current during two converter arms of asimultaneously bridge connected to a this process common a.c terminal and forming a by-pass NOTE Commutation path (see Figure 2)may occur between any two converter arms, including the connected a.c phases, between a converter 5.6 commutation arm and a by-pass arm, or between any two paths in the circuit transfer of current between any two paths with both 5.6.1 pathscommutation carrying current simultaneously during this line process method of commutation whereby the commutating NOTE Commutation occura.c between any two converter voltage is suppliedmay by the system arms, including the connected a.c phases, between a converter 5.7 arm and a by-pass arm, or between any two paths in the circuit commutating group 5.6.1 line commutation group of converter arms which commutate cyclically and independently from whereby other converter arms, method of commutation the commutating i.e the commutations are normally not voltage is supplied by the a.c system simultaneous (see Figure 2) 5.7 NOTE In the case group of a bridge, a commutating group is composed commutating of the converter arms connected to a common d.c terminal In certain e.g whenarms large currents and/or large commutation group cases, of converter which commutate cyclically inductances are involved, the commutation in the two and independently from other converter arms, commutating groups belonging to the same bridge need not be i.e the commutations are normally not independent simultaneous (see Figure 2) 5.8 NOTE In the case inductance of a bridge, a commutating group is composed commutation of the converter arms connected to a common d.c terminal In certain cases, e.g when large currents and/or large commutation total inductance included in the commutation inductances involved, commutation in thevoltage two circuit, in are series withthe the commutating commutating groups belonging to the same bridge need not be independent 5.8 © BSI 2010 commutation inductance total inductance included in the commutation circuit, in series with the commutating voltage © BSI 2010 BS EN 60633:1999+A2:2015 EN 60633:1999+A2:2015 6.1 operative unit (unit) comprising ! converter " one or more converter bridges, together with one or more converter operative unit comprising one or more converter transformers, converter unit control equipment, bridges, together with one or more converter essential protective and switching devices and transformers, converter unit control equipment, auxiliaries, if any, used for conversion (see Figure 3) essential protective and switching devices and NOTE If a converter unit comprises two converter bridges with auxiliaries, if any, used for conversion (see Figure 3) a phase displacement of 30°, then the converter unit forms BS 60633:1999+A1:2009 NOTE If a converter unitEN comprises two“12-pulse convertergroup” bridges a 12-pulse unit (see Figure 7) The term is with also a phase displacement of 30°, then the converter unit forms EN 60633:1999+A1:2009 used a 12-pulse unit (see Figure 7) The term “12-pulse group” is also 6.2 used 5.9 pulse number p characteristic of a converter connection expressed as the number of non-simultaneous symmetrical commutations occurring during one cycle of the a.c line voltage NOTE The pulse number of a bridge converter connection defined in 5.3 is always p = 5.10 commutation number q number of commutations during one cycle of the a.c line voltage occurring in each commutating group NOTE In a bridge converter connection, each commutating group has a commutation number q = !5.11 capacitor commutated converter converter in which series capacitors are included 5.9 between the converter transformer and the valves pulse number p (see Figure 13a) characteristic of a converter connection expressed as 5.12 the number of non-simultaneous symmetrical controlled series capacitor commutations occurring duringconverter one cycle of the a.c converter in which series capacitors are inserted line voltage 5.9 between the a.c filterofbus andconverter the a.c.connection network NOTE The pulse number a bridge 5.9 pulse number p (see Figure " defined in 5.3 is13b) always p = pulse number p characteristic of a converter connection expressed as 5.10 characteristic of aunits converter connection expressed as Converter 5.13 the number of symmetrical valves commutationnon-simultaneous numberand q the number of non-simultaneous symmetrical commutatingoccurring voltage during one cycle of the a.c commutations 6.1 number of commutations during one one cycle cycle of of the the a.c a.c commutations occurring line voltage voltage which causes theduring current to commutate line voltage occurring in each commutating group ! converter (unit) " line voltage NOTE The pulse number of a bridge converter connection [SOURCE: IECcomprising 60500-551:1998, 551-16-02] NOTE In aunit bridge converter each commutating operative one or more converter NOTE The pulse number bridge converter connection defined in 5.3 is always p = of aconnection, group has commutation number q =more defined in a 5.3 is always p= bridges, together with one or converter 5.14 5.10 transformers, converter unit 5.10 ! 5.11 commutation numbercommutated q control equipment, controlled capacitor converter essential protective and switching devices and capacitor commutated commutation number qconverter converter in which controlled series capacitors number of commutations during one cycle ofFigure theare a.c auxiliaries, ifwhich any, used forduring conversion (see 3) converter in series capacitors included number ofbetween commutations one are cycle of group the included the converter transformer anda.c line voltage occurring in each commutating between the converter transformer and the valves NOTE If a converter unit comprises two converter bridges with line voltage occurring inconnection, each commutating group the valves NOTE In a bridge each commutating a phase displacement of 30°, then the converter unit forms (see Figure 13a) converter NOTE In a bridge converter connection, each commutating group has a commutation number q = a 12-pulse unit (see Figure 7) The term “12-pulse group” is also 5.15 group 5.12 used has a commutation number q = ! 5.11capacitor converter series controlled series capacitor converter 6.2 5.11 ! capacitor commutated converter converter in which fixed series capacitors are converter in which series capacitors areincluded inserted capacitor commutated converter (converter) bridge converter in which series capacitors are inserted between the AC filter bus and the AC converter inused which series are the included between the a.c to filter buscapacitors andthe thebridge a.c network between the converter transformer and valves equipment implement converter network  between theand converter transformer and the valves (see Figure 13b) "by-pass (see Figure 13a) connection the arm, if used (see Figure 13a) NOTE The term “bridge” may be used to describe either the 5.12 Converter units andimplementing valves that circuit connection or the equipment 5.12 controlled circuit (see 5.3).series capacitor converter 6.1 controlled converter converter in series which capacitor series capacitors are inserted 6.2.1 converter in which series capacitors arenetwork inserted ! converter (unit) " between the a.c filter bus and the a.c anode (cathode) valve commutating group between the a.c filter bus and the a.c network  indivisible operative unit comprising all operative unit comprising one or more converter (see Figure 13b)" equipment used implement thecommon converter arms of (see Figure 13b)to " equipment between theone point of coupling bridges, together with or more converter one commutating group of a bridge with onConverter the AC sideconverter (see 8.24)unit andcontrol the point of common transformers, equipment, units and valves interconnected anode (cathode) terminals Converter units and valves coupling DC side (see 8.25), essentially oneand or essential protective and switching devices 6.1 more converter bridges, together with (see one or more3) auxiliaries, if any, used for conversion Figure 6.3 6.1 ! converter (unit)" converter unit control converter transformers, valve NOTE If a converter unit comprises two converter bridges ! converter (unit) " one or more converterwith operative unit comprising a phase displacement of 30°, then the converter unit forms equipment, essential protective and switching complete operative controllable non-controllable operative unit comprising one oror more converter a 12-pulseand unit (see Figure The “12-pulse group” is also bridges, together with7) one orterm more converter devices auxiliaries, if any, used for conversion valve device assembly, normally conducting in only used bridges, together with one or more converter transformers, converter unit control equipment, (see direction Figure 3)(the  one forward direction), which can transformers, converter control equipment, 6.2 essential protective and unit switching devices and function as a bridge converter arm in a converter bridge essential protective andfor switching devices and (converter) auxiliaries, if any, used conversion (see Figure 3) NOTE An example of used a non-controllable valve (see deviceFigure assembly auxiliaries, if any, for conversion 3) equipment useddiode tounit implement theconverter bridge converter NOTE If a converter comprises two bridgesvalve with is a semiconductor valve An example of a controllable NOTE If a converter unit comprises two a phaseassembly displacement of 30°, then the converter unitbridges forms with connection and by-pass arm, ifconverter used device is athe thyristor valve a displacement of 30°,7).then converter unit formsis also 12-pulse unit (see Figure Thethe term “12-pulse group” phase NOTE The term be used describegroup” eitheristhe 6.3.1 a 12-pulse unit (see“bridge” Figure may 7) The term to “12-pulse also used circuit or the equipment implementing that used connection single valve (unit) 6.2 (see 5.3) circuit (converter) bridge 6.2 6.3.2 equipment used to implement (converter) bridge multiple valve (unit) (MVU)the bridge converter connection and the by-pass arm, if used equipment used comprising to implement thethan bridge converter single structure more one valve NOTE The term “bridge” may be used to describe either the connection and the by-pass arm, if used circuit connection or the equipment implementing that NOTE Examples of multiple valve units are double valves, NOTE The5.3) term “bridge” may betwo, usedfour to describe either the circuit (see quadrivalves and octovalves with and eight circuit connectionvalves or therespectively equipment implementing that series-connected 6.2.1 circuit (see 5.3) 6.4 anode (cathode) valve commutating group 6.2.1 main valve equipment used to valve implement the converter arms of anode (cathode) commutating group valve in a converter armof a bridge with one commutating group equipment used to implement the converter arms of interconnected anode (cathode) terminals 6.5 one commutating group of a bridge with by-pass valve 6.3 interconnected anode (cathode) terminals valve valve in a by-pass arm 6.3 complete operative or non-controllable BScontrollable EN 60633:1999+A1:2009 6.6 valve valve device assembly, normally conducting in only thyristor module EN 60633:1999+A1:2009 complete operative controllable or non-controllable one direction (the forward direction), which can part ofdevice a valve comprised of a mechanical assembly valve assembly, normally conducting in only function as a converter arm in a converter bridge of thyristors immediate auxiliaries, one directionwith (the their forward direction), which canand 6.3.2 NOTE An if example of a non-controllable valve device assembly reactors, used function as a converter arm in a converter bridge is a semiconductor diode valve.(MVU) An example of a controllable valve multiple valve (unit) NOTE Thyristor modules may be elements in device the construction NOTE An example of a non-controllable valve assembly device assembly is aBS thyristor text deleted ENvalve 60633:1999+A1:2009 of aa semiconductor valve, and/or be interchangeable for maintenance purposes single structure comprising more than one valve is diode valve An example of a controllable valve BS EN 60633:1999+A1:2009 6.3.1 EN 60633:1999+A1:2009 NOTE assembly The deprecated termvalve “valve module” has been used device is a thyristor NOTE Examples of multiple valve units are double valves, EN 60633:1999+A1:2009 single valve (unit) with an equivalent meaning quadrivalves and octovalves with two, four and eight 6.3.1 6.7 single structure comprising only one valve series-connected respectively single valve valves (unit) 6.3.2 reactor module 6.4 6.3.2 single structure only one valve multiple valve comprising (unit) (MVU) © BSIof2010 main valve part a valve, a mechanical assembly of one multiple valvebeing (unit) (MVU) single structure comprising more than one valve or more reactors, used in some valve designs valve a converter arm © BSI in 2010 single structure comprising more than one valve NOTE Examples of multiple valve units are double valves, of Reactor modules may be elements in the construction 6.5 NOTE of multiple valve units quadrivalves and octovalves with two, fourare anddouble eight valves, a valve Examples by-pass valve quadrivalves andvalves octovalves with two, four and eight series-connected respectively 6.8 series-connected valves respectively 6.4 valve in a by-pass arm valve section 6.4 main valve 6.6 electrical assembly, comprising a number of main valve valve in a converter thyristor module thyristors and other arm components, which exhibits valve in a converter arm 6.5 part of a valve comprised of a of mechanical assembly prorated electrical properties a complete valve 6.5 by-pass valve of thyristors with theirused immediate NOTE This term is mainly to define aauxiliaries, test object for and valve by-pass valve testing purposes reactors, used arm valve in aifby-pass valve a by-pass arm may be elements in the construction NOTE 1in Thyristor modules 6.9 6.6 of a valve, and/or be interchangeable for maintenance purposes (valve) thyristor level 6.6 thyristor NOTE Themodule deprecated term “valve module” has been used thyristor module part of aa valve or thyristors with meaning of partan ofequivalent valvecomprised comprised ofaathyristor, mechanical assembly connected in parallel, together with their immediate part of aofvalve comprised of a mechanical assembly thyristors part a valve comprising a mechanical 6.7 of with their immediate auxiliaries, and auxiliaries, and reactor, if any of thyristors with theirwith immediate auxiliaries, and assembly thyristors their immediate reactor module reactors, ifofused reactors, if but usedwithout auxiliaries valve reactors 6.10 NOTE aThyristor modules be elements in the construction part of valve, being a may mechanical assembly of one NOTE Thyristor modules may be elements the construction valve support of a valve, and/or be interchangeable for maintenance Note to entry: Thyristor modules may be elements inpurposes or more reactors, used in some valveindesigns of valve, and/or maintenance purposes NOTE The “valve module” has been used thea construction ofbea interchangeable valve,term and/or be for interchangeable for that part of deprecated the valve which mechanically supports NOTE Reactor modules elements in the construction NOTE Thepurposes deprecated termbe“valve module” has been used of with an2equivalent meaning maintenance may a valve and electrically insulates from earth the active part with an equivalent meaning 6.7the of valve which houses the valve sections 6.8 6.7 reactor module valve section 6.11 reactor module part ofstructure a valve, being a mechanical assembly of one valve electrical assembly, comprising a number of of one part of areactors, valve, being a in mechanical assembly or more used some valve designs thyristors and other components, which exhibits physical structure holding the thyristor levels of a or more reactors, used in some valve designs NOTE Reactor modules may be elements in the construction of prorated electrical properties of a complete valve valve which is insulated to the appropriate voltage NOTE a valve Reactor modules may be elements in the construction of a valve earth above potential NOTE This term is mainly used to define a test object for valve 6.8 testing purposes 6.8 6.12 section valve 6.9 valve section (electronics) (unit) interface electrical assembly,level comprising a number of (valve) thyristor electrical number of electronic assembly, unit whichcomprising provides ana interface between thyristors and other components, which exhibits part of a valve comprised a thyristor, orexhibits thyristors thyristors and other components, the control equipment, atofearth and the prorated electrical properties of potential, a which complete valve connected in parallel, together with their immediate prorated electrical properties of a complete valve valve electronics or valve devices NOTE This term is mainly used to define a test object for valve auxiliaries, and if any NOTE 1purposes This term isreactor, mainly used to define object for valve testing Valve interface electronics units,aiftest used, are typically testing purposes located at earth potential close to the valve(s) 6.10 6.9 NOTE 2support The term “valve base electronics” (VBE) has also been The British Standards Institution 2015 valve 6.9 (valve) thyristor©level used for this unit (valve) thyristor level that part of thecomprised valve which supports part of a valve of amechanically thyristor, or thyristors and insulatesof from earth theoractive part partelectrically of a valve comprised a thyristor, thyristors valve section 6.8 electrical assem valve section thyristors and electrical assem prorated electr thyristors and NOTE This term prorated electr testing purposes NOTE This term 6.9 testing purposes (valve) thyris 6.9 part of a thyris valve c (valve) connected in pa part of a valve c auxiliaries, and connected in pa 6.10 auxiliaries, and valve support 6.10 that part of the valve support and electrically that part of the of the valve wh and electrically 6.11 of the valve wh valve structu 6.11 physical struct valve structu valve which is physical struct above earth pot valve which is 6.12 above earth pot valve interfac 6.12 electronic unit valve interfac the control equ electronic unit valve electronic the control equ NOTE Valve in valve electronic located at earth po NOTE Valve in The term located earth po used forat this unit NOTE The term used for this unit e or ese DC na intended firing of the valves converter unit monitoring 11.7.3 part of the converter control which monitors converter unit tap unit changer control electrical, mechanical and thermal quantities part of the converter unit control for controlling the 11.7.5 converter transformer tap changers converter unit protection NOTE The HVDC master control may be implemented at the 11.7.4 bipole and/or pole level part of the converter unit control which initiates converter unit monitoring 11.4 action to protect components of the associated part of theunit converter control which monitors (HVDC system) bipole control converter againstunit damage due to abnormal electrical, mechanical and thermal quantities electrical, mechanical or thermal conditions control system of a bipole (see Figure 12) 11.7.5 11.8 11.5 converter unit protection valve control valve control unit (HVDC system) pole control part of the converter control which initiates VCU system for theunit control firing, monitoring, and control system of a pole (see Figure 12) action to protect components of the associated BS EN 60633:1999+A1:2009 electronic unit, at earth potential, providing the protection of a valve NOTE When the HVDC system has no bipole(s) but one or more converter unit against damage due to abnormal EN 60633:1999+A1:2009 poles, the pole control interfaces with the HVDC system control control and protection functions for individual 11.8.1 electrical, mechanical or thermal conditions valves (control) 11.6 valve firing 11.8 (HVDC) substation control Note 1of tothe entry: VBE control and VCUwhich functions could be combined in part valve initiates valve firing valve one unit.control control system used for the controlling, monitoring 11.8.2 control fornote theapplies firing, and Note to system entry: This to monitoring, the French language and protection within an HVDC substation valve monitoring only.(control) protection of a valve NOTE HVDC substation control may be implemented at the part of the valve control which monitors valve status bipole and/or pole level and may be referred to as local control 11.8.1 11.8.3 valve (control) firing 11.6.1 12 Control functions valve protection part of(control) the valve control which initiates valve firing (HVDC) substation bipole control 12.1 of the valve control which protects the valve by part control system of a substation bipole (see©Figure 12) 11.8.2 BSI 2010 equal delay angle control; individual phase initiating, or disabling valve firing valve (control) monitoring 11.6.2 control part of the valve control which monitors valve status (HVDC) substation pole control method of controlling separately the valve control control system of a substation pole (see Figure 12) 11.8.3 pulses for each valve by timing from the zero © BSI 2010 valve (control) protection voltages crossings of the commutation 11.7 part of the valve control which protects the valve by converter unit control 12.2 initiating, or disabling valve firing equidistant firing control control system used for the controlling, monitoring BS EN 60633:1999+A1:2009 and protection of a single converter unit method the 60633:1999+A1:2009 valve control pulses 11.9 of controllingEN (see Figure 12) whereby, in steady state, the delay between a integrated AC/DC system control control pulse and the previous control pulse is equal 11.7.1 © BSI 2010 control system which governs the integrated for all valves, irrespective of unbalance or distortion converter unit sequence control operation of AC and HVDC systems of a power in the commutating voltages part of the converter unit control which co-ordinates system 12.3 the operation of the converter unit firing control, Note to entry: This control system is under the responsibility ¶ control transformer tap changer control, monitoring and of the system operator. protection, and which controls the sequence of control of the delay angle between a minimum and 11.6.1 12 Control functions action during any change in the operating maximum, determined by the design, to implement (HVDC) bipoleconverter control unit conditionssubstation of the associated a control mode 12.1 control 11.7.2 system of a substation bipole (see Figure 12) 12.4 equal delay angle control; individual phase 11.6.2 converter unit firing control control minimum ¶ control (HVDC) substation polecontrol control part of the converter unit for timing the methodof ofthe controlling separately the it valve control delay angle to prevent fromcontrol control system substation intended firing of of athe valves pole (see Figure 12) pulses for each valve timing from the zero decreasing below a setbyminimum value crossings of the commutation voltages 11.7 11.7.3 12.5 converter unit tap control changer control 12.2 ¾ control control control system used for the controlling, monitoring part of the converter unit control for controlling the equidistant control of the firing extinction angle between a minimum and protection of a single converter transformer tapconverter changers unit method of controlling the valve control pulses and maximum, determined by the design, to (see Figure 12) whereby, in steady state, the delay between a implement a control mode at an inverter 11.7.4 control pulse and the previous control pulse is equal 11.7.1 converter unit monitoring 12.6 for all valves, irrespective of unbalance or distortion converter unit sequence control minimum ¾ control part of the converter unit control which monitors in the commutating voltages part of the mechanical converter unit which co-ordinates control of the extinction angle to prevent it from electrical, andcontrol thermal quantities 12.3 the operation of the converter unit firing control, decreasing below a set minimum value 11.7.5 ¶ control transformer tap changer control, monitoring and converter unit protection 12.7 protection, and which controls the sequence of control oforder the delay angle between a minimum and control part of the converter unit control which initiates action during any change in the operating maximum, determined by the design, to implement action to protect components of the associated reference value of a desired controlled quantity, in a conditions of the associated converter unit a control mode converter unit against damage due to abnormal control mode 11.7.2 12.4 electrical, mechanical or thermal conditions 12.7.1 converter unit firing control minimum ¶ control 11.8 (d.c.) current (control) order part ofcontrol the converter unit control for timing the control of the delay angle to prevent it from valve reference value of the current to the d.c current intended firing of the valves decreasing below a set minimum value control system for the firing, monitoring, and regulator (see Figure 11) 11.7.3 12.5 protection of a valve 12.7.2 converter unit tap changer control ¾ control 11.8.1 (d.c.) voltage (control) order part of(control) the converter unit control for controlling the control of the extinction angle between a minimum valve firing reference value of the voltage to a voltage regulator converter transformer tap changers and maximum, determined by the design, to © The British Standards Institution 2015 16 of the valve control which initiates valve firing (see Figure 11) part implement a control mode at an inverter 11.7.4 11.8.2 12.8 converter unit monitoring 12.6 valve (control) monitoring current margin 11.3 BS EN master 60633:1999+A2:2015 (HVDC) control EN 60633:1999+A2:2015 general concept for control coordination of an HVDC system decreasing belo 12.6 12.5 minimum ¾ co ¾ control control of the e control of the e decreasing belo and maximum, 12.7 implement a co control order 12.6 reference value minimum ¾ co control mode control of the e 12.7.1 decreasing belo (d.c.) current 12.7 reference value control order regulator (see F reference value 12.7.2 control mode (d.c.) voltage 12.7.1 reference value (d.c.) current (see Figure 11) reference value 12.8 regulator (see F current marg 12.7.2 in an HVDC po (d.c.) voltage between the cu reference(see value inverter Fi (see Figure 11) NOTE The rectifi inverter in a two-te 12.8 current marg in an HVDC po between the cu inverter (see Fi NOTE The rectifi inverter in a two-te h co-ordinates ring control, nitoring and quence of ating r unit converter unit against damage due to abnormal control mode 12.3 electrical, mechanical or thermal conditions BS EN 60633:1999+A2:2015 ¶ control 12.7.1 EN order 60633:1999+A2:2015 11.8 of the delay angle between a minimum and (d.c.) current (control) control valve control maximum, determined by the design, to implement reference value of the current to the d.c current acontrol controlsystem mode for the firing, monitoring, and regulator (see Figure 11) protection of a valve 12.4 12.7.2 11.8.1 minimum ¶ control (d.c.) voltage (control) order valve (control) firing timing the control of the delay angle to prevent it from reference value of the voltage to a voltage regulator BS Figure EN 60633:1999+A1:2009 part of the valve which initiates decreasing below control a set minimum value valve firing (see 11) EN 60633:1999+A1:2009 11.8.2 12.5 12.8 ol (control) monitoring ¾valve control current margin controlling the control part of the valve control which status in an HVDC pole with two ends, the difference of the extinction angle monitors between avalve minimum and maximum, determined by the design, to between the current order at the rectifier and the 11.8.3 implement a control mode at an inverter inverter (see Figure 11) valve (control) protection BS EN 60633:1999+A1:2009 12.6 EN of 60633:1999+A1:2009 part the valve control which protects the valve by NOTE The rectifier has always a higher current order than the inverter in a two-terminal HVDC transmission system minimum ¾ control ich monitors initiating, or disabling valve firing 12.9 12.1 uantities control of 60633:1999+A1:2009 the extinction angle to prevent it from BS EN voltage dependent current order limit pole decreasing below a set minimum value EN 60633:1999+A1:2009 (VDCOL) cont 12.7 © BSI 2010 13 limitation of the current order as a function of the pole control order ich initiates d.c voltage amp ssociated reference value of a desired controlled quantity, in a betw o abnormal control 12.9 mode 12.10 ditions voltage dependent current order limit pole (current) balancing 12.7.1 (VDCOL) (d.c.) current (control) order control action to balance the currents in the two No Symbol limitation of the current order as a function of the poles reference value of the current to the d.c current 12.9 12.10 of a bipole system, in order to limit the d.c voltage amplitude of thebalancing differential current that flows ing, and regulator (see Figure 11) voltage dependent current order limit pole (current) HVDC system Non-contro between the neutrals of the 12.7.2 (VDCOL) control action to balance the currents in the two (d.c.) voltage (control) orderas a function of the limitation of the current order poles of a bipole system, in order to limit the reference value of the voltage to a voltage regulator d.c voltage amplitude of the differential current that flows Controllab tes valve firing (see Figure 11) between the neutrals of the HVDC system No Symbol Description 12.8 Non-controllable valve or arm current margin Non-contro ors valve status ts the valve by in an HVDC pole with two ends, the Symbol difference No Description between the current order at the rectifier and the Controllable valve or arm inverter (see Figure 11) Non-controllable valve or arm NOTE The rectifier has always a higher current order than the inverter in a two-terminal HVDC transmission system Non-controllable Controllable valvebridge or arm 13 Controllable bridge Non-controllable bridge NOTE NOTE Controllab Symbols and are used to represent the general meaning The above symbols are irrespective of the type of device of Figure — Graphic IEC 672/98 NOTE NOTE Symbols and are meaning ofbridge valve, arm, or bridge, irrespective of controllability used to represent the general Controllable The above symbols are irrespective of the type of device of which a valve, arm, or bridge is composed Figure — Graphical symbols NOTE NOTE IEC 672/98 Symbols and are used to represent the general meaning of valve, arm, or bridge, irrespective of controllability The above symbols are irrespective of the type of device of which a valve, arm, or bridge is composed Figure — Graphical symbols © The British Standards Institution 2015 Key A AC terminals B DC terminals 17 5.5.2 5.7 BS EN 60633:1999+A2:2015 EN 60633:1999+A2:2015 Controllable bridge IEC 672/98 NOTE NOTE Symbols and are used to represent the general meaning of valve, arm, or bridge, irrespective of controllability The above symbols are irrespective of the type of device of which a valve, arm, or bridge is composed Figure — Graphical symbols Key A AC terminals 5.5.2 By-pass pair B DC terminals 5.7 5.4 Converter arm or valve Commutating group Figure — Bridge converter connection 14 © BSI 2010 18 © The British Standards Institution 2015 BS EN 60633:1999+A1:2009 60633:1999+A2:2015 60633:1999+A2:2015 EN 60633:1999+A1:2009 Key A AC terminals 6.16 Converter unit d.c bus arrester B DC terminals 6.19 Converter transformer 6.2 Bridge 6.20 By-pass switch 6.14 Valve arrester 9.9 Substation earth 6.15 Converter unit arrester Figure — Example of a converter unit © 2010 Standards Institution 2015 © BSI The British 15 19 60633:1999+A1:2009 BS EN 60633:1999+A2:2015 EN 60633:1999+A2:2015 60633:1999+A1:2009 Key uvph uc iv t 7.1 Phase voltage Commutating voltage Valve currents Time Rectifier operation 7.2 7.20 7.21 7.22 7.23 Inverter operation Delay angle ¶ Advance angle ¶ Overlap angle È Extinction angle ¾ Figure — Commutation process at rectifier and inverter modes of operation 16 20 © BSI 2010 © The British Standards Institution 2015 BS EN 60633:1999+A1:2009 60633:1999+A2:2015 60633:1999+A2:2015 EN 60633:1999+A1:2009 Figure 5a — Value idealised Figure 5b — Real Value Key uv Voltage across outgoing valve 7.21 Advance angle ¶ iv Current in outgoing valve 7.22 Overlap angle È uci Idealized commutating voltage 7.23 Extinction angle ¾ uc Actual commutating voltage 7.24 Hold-off interval t Time Figure — Illustrations of commutation in inverter operation © 2010 Standards Institution 2015 © BSI The British 17 21 60633:1999+A1:2009 BS EN 60633:1999+A2:2015 EN 60633:1999+A2:2015 60633:1999+A1:2009 Figure 6a — Rectifier operation Figure 6b — Inverter operation Key t t0 7.7 7.8 7.9 Time Firing instant Forward voltage Reverse voltage Conducting state 7.11 7.11.1 7.11.2 7.25 7.26 7.27 7.28 Non-conducting state Forward blocking state Reverse blocking state Conduction interval Blocking interval Forward blocking interval Reverse blocking interval Figure — Typical valve voltage waveforms 18 22 © BSI 2010 © The British Standards Institution 2015 BS EN 60633:1999+A1:2009 60633:1999+A2:2015 60633:1999+A2:2015 EN 60633:1999+A1:2009 Key A AC system 9.3 DC reactor arrester B DC terminal 9.4 DC filter 6.1 (a) Converter unit (p = 6) 9.5 DC damping circuit 6.1 (b) Converter unit (p = 12) 9.6 DC surge capacitor 6.2 Converter bridge 9.7 DC bus arrester 6.16 Converter unit d.c bus arrester 9.8 DC line arrester 6.17 Midpoint d.c bus arrester 9.9 Substation earth 8.13 HVDC transmission line pole 9.10 DC neutral bus surge capacitor 8.14 Earth electrode 9.11 DC neutral bus arrester 8.15 Earth electrode line 9.12 Metallic return transfer breaker (MRTB) 9.1 AC filter 9.13 Earth return transfer breaker (ERTB) 9.2 DC(DC) (smoothing) reactor  smoothing reactor Figure — Example of an HVDC substation © 2010 Standards Institution 2015 © BSI The British 19 23 60633:1999+A1:2009 BS EN 60633:1999+A2:2015 EN 60633:1999+A2:2015 60633:1999+A1:2009 Key A AC system 8.12 HVDC transmission line 8.5 HVDC system pole 8.14 Earth electrodes 8.11 Substation pole Figure — Example of bipolar two-terminal HVDC transmission system 20 24 © BSI 2010 © The British Standards Institution 2015 BS EN 60633:1999+A1:2009 60633:1999+A2:2015 60633:1999+A2:2015 EN 60633:1999+A1:2009 Key A AC system 8.9 HVDC substations 8.12 HVDC transmission line Figure — Example of a multiterminal bipolar HVDC transmission system with parallel connected HVDC substations Key A AC system 8.9 HVDC substations 8.12 HVDC transmission line Figure 10 — Example of a multiterminal HVDC transmission system with series connected HVDC substations © 2010 Standards Institution 2015 © BSI The British 21 25 60633:1999+A1:2009 BS EN 60633:1999+A2:2015 EN 60633:1999+A2:2015 60633:1999+A1:2009 Key Ud Direct voltage 12.7.2 Voltage order (rectifier) Id Direct current 12.8 Current margin 12.7.1 (a) Current order (rectifier) 12.7.1 (b) Current order (inverter) Figure 11 — A simplified steady-state voltage-current characteristic of a two-terminal HVDC system 22 26 © BSI 2010 © The British Standards Institution 2015 BS EN 60633:1999+A1:2009 60633:1999+A2:2015 60633:1999+A2:2015 EN 60633:1999+A1:2009 Key 6.2 (Converter) bridge 11.5 (HVDC system) pole control 11.2 HVDC system control 11.6.1 (HVDC) substation bipole control 11.3 (HVDC) master control 11.6.2 (HVDC) substation pole control 11.4 (HVDC system) bipole control 11.7 Converter unit control Figure 12 — Hierarchical structure of an HVDC control system © 2010 Standards Institution 2015 © BSI The British 23 27 60633:1999+A1:2009 BS EN 60633:1999+A2:2015 EN 60633:1999+A2:2015 60633:1999+A1:2009 10 U U F IEC 852/09 Figure 13a – Capacitor commutated converter (CCC) 10 F IEC 853/09 Figure 13b – Controlled series capacitor converter (CSCC) Key a.c system e.m.f overvoltage limiter a.c system impedance capacitor a.c system bus thyristors a.c filters converter bridges converter transformer 10 d.c reactor Figure 13 – Capacitor commutated converter configurations 24 28 © BSI 2010 © The British Standards Institution 2015 BS EN 60633:1999+A1:2009 60633:1999+A2:2015 60633:1999+A2:2015 EN 60633:1999+A1:2009 Bibliography IEC 60050(421):1990, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) — Chapter 421: Power transformers and reactors IEC 60050(436):1990, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) — Chapter 436: Power capacitors IEC 60050(521):1984, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) — Chapter 521: Semiconductor devices and integrated circuits IEC 60050(601):1985, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) — Chapter 601: Generation, transmission and distribution of electricity — General IEC 60050(604):1987, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) — Chapter 604: Generation, transmission and distribution of electricity — Operation IEC 60050(605):1983, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) — Chapter 605: Generation, transmission and distribution of electricity — Substations IEC 60076 (all parts), Power transformers IEC 60099 (all parts), Surge arresters IEC 60146-1-2:1991, General requirements and line commutated convertors — Part 1-2: Application guide IEC 60146-1-3:1991, General requirements and line commutated convertors — Part 1-3: Transformers and reactors IEC 60617-4:1996, Graphical Symbols for diagrams — Part 4: Passive components IEC 60617-7:1996, Graphical Symbols for diagrams — Part 7: Switchgear, controlgear and protective devices IEC 60747-6:1983, Semiconductor devices — Discrete devices — Part 6: Thyristors Amendment (1991) Amendment (1994) IEC 60919-1:1988, Performance of high-voltage d.c (HVDC) systems — Part 1: Steady-state conditions IEC 60919-2:1990, Performance of high-voltage d.c (HVDC) systems — Part 2: Faults and switching 1) TR 60919-3:2009, Performance of high-voltage direct current systems with linecommutated IEC 60919-3:—, Performance of high-voltage d.c (HVDC) systems (HVDC) — Part 3: Dynamic conditions converters – Part 3: Dynamic conditions 1) To be published © 2010 Standards Institution 2015 © BSI The British 25 29 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI 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