```,,,,,,``,`,``,,`````,`,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Chevron Corp/5912388100 Not for Resale, 08/28/2008 13:27:13 MDT A N I N T E R N AT I O N A L CO D E 2007 ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code July 1, 2008 ```,,,,,,``,`,``,,`````,`,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - 2008a Addenda VIII Division RULES FOR CONSTRUCTION OF PRESSURE VESSELS ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee Subcommittee on Pressure Vessels U081W8 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Chevron Corp/5912388100 Not for Resale, 08/28/2008 13:27:13 MDT Date of Issuance: July 1, 2008 This international code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards and it is an American National Standard The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the established ASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals The footnotes in this document are part of this American National Standard No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher ```,,,,,,``,`,``,,`````,`,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 56-3934 Printed in the United States of America The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990 Copyright © 2008 by THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS All rights reserved Licensee=Chevron Corp/5912388100 Not for Resale, 08/28/2008 13:27:13 MDT A N I N T E R N AT I O N A L CO D E 2007 ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code 2007 Edition July 1, 2007 ```,,,,,,``,`,``,,`````,`,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - VIII Division RULES FOR CONSTRUCTION OF PRESSURE VESSELS ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee Subcommittee on Pressure Vessels Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Chevron Corp/5912388100 Not for Resale, 08/28/2008 13:27:13 MDT Date of Issuance: July 1, 2007 (Includes all Addenda dated July 2006 and earlier) This international code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards and it is an American National Standard The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the established ASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals The footnotes in this document are part of this American National Standard ASME collective membership mark The above ASME symbols are registered in the U.S Patent Office “ASME” is the trademark of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 56-3934 Printed in the United States of America Adopted by the Council of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1914 Revised 1940, 1941, 1943, 1946, 1949, 1952, 1953, 1956, 1959, 1962, 1965, 1968, 1971, 1974, 1977, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1995, 1998, 2001, 2004, 2007 The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990 Copyright © 2007 by THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS All Rights Reserved ```,,,,,,``,`,``,,`````,` Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Chevron Corp/5912388100 Not for Resale, 08/28/2008 13:27:13 MDT SUMMARY OF CHANGES Addenda to the 2007 Edition of the Code are issued in the form of replacement pages Revisions, additions, or deletions are incorporated directly into the affected pages It is advisable, however, that all replaced pages be retained for reference Replace or insert the pages listed Changes given below are identified on the pages by a margin note, A08, placed next to the affected area Revisions to the 2007 Edition are indicated by 07 For the listing below, the Page references the affected area A margin note, A08, placed next to the heading indicates Location Revisions are listed under Change ```,,,,,,``,`,``,,`````,`,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - The Record Numbers listed below are explained in more detail in “List of Changes in Record Number Order” following the Summary of Changes Page Location Change (Record Number) xxix–xxxix Roster Updated to reflect 2008 Addenda U-1(c)(2)(h) Reference to 3.2 corrected by errata (07-1572) U-1(e)(1)(a) Reference to UW-13(g) corrected by errata to UW-13(h) (07-1572) U-1(e)(3) Reference to bolted covers added (06-236) U-2(a) Paragraph added (04-1682) 6, Table U-3 (1) Repair of Pressure Equipment and Piping entry added (03-776) (2) Pressure Relieving and Depressuring Systems entry added (02-4260) (3) Year entries under Charpy Pendulum Impact Test Parts and corrected from 2006 to 1998 by errata (07-1572) 15, 16 UG-21 Second sentence revised (02-3551) UG-22 (1) Parenthetical statement deleted from subpara (b) (02-3551) (2) Subparagraph (j) added (02-3551) 20 UG-28(c)(1) Second sentence of Step revised (06-738) 31 UG-33(f)(1)(a) Second sentence of Step revised (06-738) 33 UG-34(b) Reference to UW-3(a)(1) in definition of E corrected by errata to UW-3(a) (07-1572) 38 UG-36(c)(2)(c) Added (00-072) 71 UG-90(c)(2) Revised in its entirety (03-776) 76 UG-101(b) Reference to UG-90(2) corrected by errata to UG-90(b)(2) (07-1572) 85–88.1 UG-119(e) Revised in its entirety (06-809) UG-120 (1) New subpara (e) added (06-236) (2) Former subpara (e) redesignated as subpara (f) (06-236) Overpressure Protection Renamed from “Pressure Relief Devices” (02-4260) (c) Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Chevron Corp/5912388100 Not for Resale, 08/28/2008 13:27:13 MDT Location Change (Record Number) UG-125 (1) Subparagraph (a) revised in its entirety (02-4260) (2) In subpara (b), “as defined in U-1(g)” deleted by errata (07-1572) (3) Subparagraph (c) revised (06-1323, 02-4260) 91–92.1 UG-127(d) Added (06-1323) 104 UG-140 Added (02-4260) 107 UW-3(b) Last sentence added (07-599) 126 UW-16(f) Revised (01-046) UW-16(f)(3)(a) The phrase “and bolting pads” deleted (01-046) UW-16(g) Added (01-046) Fig UW-16.3 Added (01-046) 140, 141 UW-51(a) Subparagraph (2) deleted and subsequent paragraphs renumbered (05-1376) 142 UW-54 Added (05-1376) 158 Table UCS-23 SA/GB 6654 entry added (05-533) 173 Fig UCS-66 (1) Note (3) revised (07-1333) (2) Entry SA-516 under Note (4) revised (07-1882) 188 UNF-19(e) Revised (03-752) 190, 191 Table UNF-23.3 (1) N06210 added (03-752) (2) N10665 added (06-1641) (3) N05500 added (05-530) 197 NF-3 Last sentence revised (05-1160) 202 Table UHA-23 (1) SA/EN 10028-7 added (06-1330) (2) Notes (1) and (2) added (06-1330) 207 UHA-51(a)(4)(b)(2) Parenthetical value corrected by errata from “130 ksi冪m” to “130 MPa冪m” (07-107) 208 Table UHA-44 Grades 201-1, 201-2, and 204 added (07-772) 225 UCD-37(a) Subparagraph (b) deleted (06-1560) 277 EtT Revised from Et (03-75) StT Revised from St (03-75) UHX-11.5.1(a) In third equation, Et revised to EtT; St revised to STt (03-75) 286 UHX-12.6.3(b)(3) (1) Configuration designators corrected by errata from italics to roman type (07-1572) (2) Spelling of “overstressed” corrected by errata (07-1572) (3) In configurations e and f, s corrected to c by errata (07-1572) 287 UHX-13.3 Entry for Es,w added (04-206) 290, 291 UHX-13.4(e) (1) Revised (04-206) (2) Subparagraphs (1) and (2) deleted (04-206) UHX-13.5.3 Last paragraph revised to include “Zw” (06-962) UHX-13.5.4 Equations revised to include “Zw” (06-962) UHX-13.5.7 Revised (06-962) 129–130.1 (d) Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Chevron Corp/5912388100 Not for Resale, 08/28/2008 13:27:13 MDT ```,,,,,,``,`,``,,`````,`,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Page Location Change (Record Number) 292 Table UHX-13.1 Revised (06-962) 293, 297–299 Table UHX-13.2 Added (06-962) UHX-13.5.9 Revised in its entirety (04-206, 06-962) UHX-13.5.10 Added (04-206) UHX-13.5.11 Redesignated from UHX-13.5.10 and revised (04-206) UHX-13.5.12 Redesignated from UHX-13.5.11 and revised (04-206) UHX-13.6.4 (1) Subparagraph (e) added (04-206) (2) Subparagraph (f) redesignated from UHX-13.6.4(e); “Step 10” revised to read “Step 11” (04-206) 294 Fig UHX-13.2 Revised to include “Zw” (06-962) 300–300.2 UHX-13.8.4(g) Reference to Step 10 revised to Step 11 (04-206) UHX-13.9.3 (1) Reference to UHX-13.9 corrected to 13.5 by errata (07-1572) (2) In subpara (a), reference to Step corrected to Step 10 (04-206) (3) In subpara (b), reference to Step 10 corrected to Step 11 (04-206) (4) In subpara (c), reference to Step 11 corrected to Step 12 (04-206) (5) Configuration designators corrected by errata from italics to roman type (07-1572) (6) In 13.9.3(b)(3), “then” deleted from configurations a, b, and c (04-206) 304 UHX-14.4(a) Revised (06-962) 305 UHX-14.5.3 Last paragraph revised to include “Zw” (06-962) 306, 307 UHX-14.5.7 Revised in its entirety (06-962) UHX-14.5.9 Revised in its entirety (06-962) UHX-14.7 (1) In subpara (b)(3), configuration entries corrected by errata from italics to roman type (07-1572) (2) In subpara (d), configuration entries corrected by errata from italics to roman type (07-1572) UHX-17(a)(1) Revised (07-1572, 07-1868) Table UHX-17 Column heads corrected by errata (07-1572) UHX-20.2 Revised in its entirety (03-75) Table UHX-20.2.1-1 Added (03-75) Table UHX-20.2.2-1 Added (03-75) Table UHX-20.2.3-1 Added (03-75) Table UHX-20.2.3-2 Added (03-75) Table UHX-20.2.3-3 Added (03-75) Fig 1-9 Added (00-072) 1-9 Added (00-072) 1-10(b)(3) (1) Minus sign inserted in the denominator of eq (46) by errata (07-1572) (2) Coefficient of 0.5 inserted in the numerator before Rnc sin ␣ by errata (07-1572) 309–310.1 316–322.4 341–342.1 345, 346 (e) Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Chevron Corp/5912388100 Not for Resale, 08/28/2008 13:27:13 MDT ```,,,,,,``,`,``,,`````,`,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Page Page Location Change (Record Number) 347 2-1(b) Penultimate sentence revised (06-74) 349, 353 2-4(a)(1) References to Fig 2-4, sketches (4b) and (4c), added to the second and third sentences (06-74) 350 Fig 2-4 (1) Sketches (4b) and (4c) added (06-925) (2) Note (2) revised to include references to sketches (4b) and (4c) (06-925) 354, 359 2-7 References to sketches (4b) and (4c) added in subparas (a) and (b) (06-925) 355, 356 Table 2-5.1 Under “Gasket Material” column, “asbestos” replaced with “mineral fiber” (07-1030) 359, 360 2-8 References to Fig 2-4, sketches (4b) and (4c) added in subparas (b) and (c) (06-925) 367, 368 2-14 (1) Paragraph added to subpara (a) (06-74) (2) Subparagraph (b) revised (06-74) (3) New subpara (c) added; former subpara (c) redesignated as subpara (d) (06-74) 381 5-1(a) Second sentence corrected by errata (07-1572) 451 14.5(c) Denominator in the second equation corrected by errata from “1.9948” to “1.9448” (07-1572) 499 26-12(a) Subparagraph (1) deleted by errata (07-1572) 501 26-14.1.2(m)(3) The term “2.35y” corrected by errata to read “2.3Sy” (07-1572) 504 26-15.3 Equation corrected by errata (07-107) 525.1–525.3 Nonmandatory Appendix 35 Added (03-776) 543 Fig L-1.4-1 Revised (06-789) 551–552.1 L-1.6 Added (06-789) 611, 614 Table W-3 (1) The phrase “in feet and inches” deleted from Note No 17 by errata (07-1572) (2) Note No 53 revised (06-236) 647, 648 HH-3 Definitions of explosive expanding; hydroexpanding; segmental expander; serrations; torque control; tube end enhancement; tube expanding; tube hole enhancement; tube rolling tool; and uniform pressure expanding revised (05-1315) HH-4 Revised in its entirety (05-1315) HH-7.1 (1) Subparagraph (m) revised (05-1315) (2) Subparagraph (v) added (05-1315) HH-7.2(j) Revised (05-1315) 651, 652 Form QEXP-1 Corrected by errata (07-107) 653, 654 Table QEXP-1 (1) Note No 10 corrected by errata (07-107) (2) Note No 11 added by errata, with all subsequent Notes redesignated (07-107) (3) Note No 29 corrected from “0.0109 in.” to “0.109 in.” by errata (07-107) 649 (f) ```,,,,,,``,`,``,,`````,`,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Chevron Corp/5912388100 Not for Resale, 08/28/2008 13:27:13 MDT Page Location Change (Record Number) 663.1–663.6 Nonmandatory Appendix KK Added (04-1682) 663.7–663.9 Nonmandatory Appendix LL Added (06-962) NOTE: (g) Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Chevron Corp/5912388100 Not for Resale, 08/28/2008 13:27:13 MDT ```,,,,,,``,`,``,,`````,`,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Volume 58 of the Interpretations to Section VIII, Division 1, of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code follows the last page of this Addenda 2007 SECTION VIII — DIVISION TABLE Y-9.1 TRIAL FLANGE THICKNESS AND AREA OF BOLTING FOR VARIOUS CLASSES OF ASSEMBLIES AND FLANGE CATEGORIES Class (Assembly) Suggested Trial Values Category of Flanges Nonreducing Reducing t or tI 1 or 0.9ta ta 0.9Ab′ Ab′ or 3 or or or ta 1.1ta ta 1.1tg te 1.1tc tc 1.1tg Ab′ 1.1Ab′ Ab′ Ab* 1, 2, or 1.1ta 1.1tc 1.05Ab′ Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Ab low compared to the allowable stress and the radial stress at the bolt circle is excessive, increasing SH by making the hub smaller (more flexible) will often reduce the radial stress at the bolt circle to Sf If it does not, an increase in tI is indicated occur due to the additional restraint provided by increasing tI When the stress in Flange I is excessive and only marginally acceptable in Flange II, both t I and t II should be increased with the emphasis placed on tI (3) A Category reducing flange bolted to a Category or nonreducing flange produces a large overturning moment which tends to rotate Flange I in a negative direction As a result, the radial stress at the bolt circle in Flange I will often be excessive due to a large, positive hub–flange interaction moment As a result, it is usually necessary to increase tI so that tI p tII The same problem does not occur when Flange I is Category since there exists no hub–flange interaction moment When Flange I is an optional type treated as a loose-type (Category 3), a hub– flange interaction moment actually exists but is disregarded in the analysis by assigning the flange to Category (4) When the longitudinal hub stress of a Category or flange is excessive, it can be reduced by increasing the size of the hub, or g0 when g1 p g0 ; however, this will cause an increase in the radial stress at the flange– hub junction When SH is excessive and SR is marginally acceptable, an increase in the thickness of the flange is indicated in which case it may or may not be necessary to alter the size of the hub (5) When the longitudinal stress in the hub of the nonreducing flange of a Class or Class assembly is ```,,,,,,``,`,``,,`````,`,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - tII Y-10 Additional guidance on the design of flat faced metalto-metal contact flanges can be found in the following references: (a) Schneider, R W., and Waters, E O., The Background of ASME Code Case 1828: A Simplified Model of Analyzing Part B Flanges, Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, ASME, Vol 100, No 2, May 1978, pp 215–219; (b) Schneider, R W., and Waters, E O., The Application of ASME Code Case 1828, Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, ASME, Vol 101, No 1, February 1979, pp 87–94 It should be noted that the rules in Appendix Y were formerly contained in Code Case 1828, A Simplified Method for Analyzing Flat Face Flanges with Metal-toMetal Contact Outside the Bolt Circle / Section VIII, Division 632 Licensee=Chevron Corp/5912388100 Not for Resale, 08/28/2008 13:27:13 MDT 2007 SECTION VIII — DIVISION NONMANDATORY APPENDIX DD GUIDE TO INFORMATION APPEARING ON CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORIZATION (SEE FIG DD-1) ITEM ① ② 07 DESCRIPTION a The name of the Manufacturer or Assembler b The full street address, city, state or province, country, and zip code This entry describes the scope and limitations, if any, on use of the Code Symbol Stamps Illustrated below are some examples of Scope statements U Code Symbol Stamp Manufacture of pressure vessels at the above location only Manufacture of pressure vessels at the above location only (This authorization includes multiple duplicate pressure vessels.) Manufacture of pressure vessels at the above location only (This authorization does not cover welding or brazing.) Manufacture of pressure vessels at the above location and field sites controlled by the above location Manufacture of pressure vessels at the above location and field sites controlled by the above location (This authorization does not cover welding or brazing.) Manufacture of pressure vessels at field sites controlled by the above location Manufacture of pressure vessels at field sites controlled by the above location (This authorization does not cover welding or brazing.) Manufacture of pressure vessels (cast iron only) at the above location only Manufacture of pressure vessel parts at the above location only 10 Manufacture of pressure vessel parts at the above location and field sites controlled by the above location 11 Manufacture of pressure vessel parts at field sites controlled by the above location 12 Manufacture of pressure vessel parts (cast iron only) at the above location only UV Code Symbol Stamp Manufacture of pressure vessel pressure relief valves at the above location only Manufacture of pressure vessel pressure relief valves at the above location only (This authorization does not cover welding or brazing.) Assembly of pressure vessel pressure relief valves at the above location (This authorization does not cover welding or brazing.) 633 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Chevron Corp/5912388100 Not for Resale, 08/28/2008 13:27:13 MDT ```,,,,,,``,`,``,,`````,`,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - UM Code Symbol Stamp Manufacture of miniature vessels at the above location only Manufacture of miniature vessels at the above location only (This authorization does not cover welding or brazing.) Manufacture of miniature vessels (cast iron only) at the above location only 2007 SECTION VIII — DIVISION ITEM DESCRIPTION UD Code Symbol Stamp Manufacture of pressure vessel pressure relief devices at the above location only Manufacture of pressure vessel pressure relief devices at the above location only (This authorization does not cover welding or brazing.) Manufacture of pressure vessel pressure relief device holders at the above location only Manufacture of pressure vessel pressure relief device holders at the above location only (This authorization does not cover welding or brazing.) ③ The date authorization was granted by the Society to use the indicated Code Symbol Stamp ④ The date authorization to use the Code Symbol Stamp will expire ⑤ A unique Certificate number assigned by the Society ⑥ Code Symbol granted by the Society, i.e., U pressure vessels, UM miniature vessels, UV pressure relief valves, UD pressure relief devices ⑦,⑧ ```,,,,,,``,`,``,,`````,`,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS The signatures of the current chairman and director 634 Licensee=Chevron Corp/5912388100 Not for Resale, 08/28/2008 13:27:13 MDT 2007 SECTION VIII — DIVISION FIG DD-1 SAMPLE CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORIZATION CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORIZATION ① SYMBOL This certificate accredits the named company as authorized to use the indicated symbol of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) for the scope of activity shown below in accordance with the applicable rules of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code The use of the Code symbol and the authority granted by this Certificate of Authorization are subject to the provisions of the agreement set forth in the application Any construction stamped with this symbol shall have been built strictly in accordance with the provisions of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code M ③ A S AUTHORIZED EXPIRES P ② COMPANY SCOPE E L ④ ⑤ CERTIFICATE NUMBER ⑥ ⑦ CHAIRMAN OF THE BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL COMMITTEE ```,,,,,,``,`,``,,`````,`,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - ⑧ DIRECTOR, ASME ACCREDITATION AND CERTIFICATION 635 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Chevron Corp/5912388100 Not for Resale, 08/28/2008 13:27:13 MDT 2007 SECTION VIII — DIVISION NONMANDATORY APPENDIX EE HALF-PIPE JACKETS EE-1 GENERAL The fillet weld attaching the half-pipe jacket to the vessel shall have a throat thickness not less than the smaller of the jacket or shell thickness Through thickness jacket welds with a fillet shall be considered when the jacket is in cyclic service The calculation procedure in this Appendix shall be used only if both of the following conditions apply: (a) There is positive pressure inside the shell or head (b) There is positive pressure inside the half-pipe jacket ```,,,,,,``,`,``,,`````,`,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - EE-2 EE-3 HALF-PIPE JACKETS The maximum permissible pressure P′ in half-pipe jackets shall be determined from the following formula: P′ p F /K JACKETS WITH OTHER GEOMETRIES For other jacket geometries such as shown in Fig EE-5, the permissible pressure P′ may be obtained from the rules of UG-47 for stayed construction or 9-5 for jacketed vessels (1) where Example P′ p permissible jacket pressure, psi F p 1.5S − S′ (F shall not exceed 1.5 S) S p maximum allowable tensile stress at design temperature of shell or head material, psi S′ p actual longitudinal tensile stress in shell or head due to internal pressure and other axial forces, psi When axial forces are negligible, S′ shall be taken as PR /2t When the combination of axial forces and pressure stress (PR/2t) is such that S′ would be a negative number, then S′ shall be taken as zero K p factor obtained from Fig EE-1, EE-2, or EE-3 P p internal design pressure (see UG-21) in vessel, psi R p inside shell or head radius, in D p 2R What is the required thickness of a cylindrical shell subjected to an inside pressure of 190 psi and a half-pipe jacket pressure of 300 psi? The jacket is in noncyclic service Let I.D of shell p 40 in allowable stress of shell p 16,000 psi joint efficiency of shell p 1.0 half-pipe jacket is NPS allowable stress of jacket material p 12,000 psi jacket girth welds are not radiographed corrosion allowance p SOLUTION: The required thickness of the shell due to internal pressure is calculated from eq (1) of UG-27 as The minimum thickness of a half-pipe jacket, when the thickness does not exceed one-half of the inside pipe radius or P does not exceed 0.385S1, is given by Tp P 1r 0.85S1 − 0.6P1 p PR SE − 0.6P 190 20 16,000 1.0 − 0.6 190 p 0.24 in (2) (a) Try t p 1⁄4 in.: From Fig EE-2, with D p 40 in and t p 1⁄4 in., K p60: where T p minimum thickness of half-pipe jacket, in r p inside radius of jacket defined in Fig EE-4, in S1 p allowable tensile stress of jacket material at design temperature, psi P1 p design pressure in jacket, psi (P shall not exceed P′.) S′ p PR /2t p (190 20) /(2 0.25) p 7,600 psi P′ p F /K p (1.5 16,000 − 7,600) /60 p 273 psi < 300 psi not adequate 636 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Chevron Corp/5912388100 Not for Resale, 08/28/2008 13:27:13 MDT 2007 SECTION VIII — DIVISION ```,,,,,,``,`,``,,`````,`,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - FIG EE-1 NPS PIPE JACKET 637 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Chevron Corp/5912388100 Not for Resale, 08/28/2008 13:27:13 MDT 2007 SECTION VIII — DIVISION FIG EE-2 NPS PIPE JACKET 1000 ```,,,,,,``,`,``,,`````,`,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Shell thickness 3/ 16 in 100 1/ in 3/ in 1/ in 3/ in K 10 in in 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 D 638 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Chevron Corp/5912388100 Not for Resale, 08/28/2008 13:27:13 MDT 140 150 160 170 2007 SECTION VIII — DIVISION FIG EE-3 NPS PIPE JACKET 639 ```,,,,,,``,`,``,,`````,`,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Chevron Corp/5912388100 Not for Resale, 08/28/2008 13:27:13 MDT 2007 SECTION VIII — DIVISION FIG EE-5 FIG EE-4 ```,,,,,,``,`,``,,`````,`,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - (b) Try t p 5⁄16 in.: From Fig EE-2, with D p 40 in and t p 5⁄16 in., K p 49: S′ p PR /2t p (190 20) /(2 0.3125) The required half-pipe jacket thickness is p 6,080 psi Tp P′ p F /K p (1.5 16,000 − 6,080) /49 p 366 psi > 300 psi adequate p (c) Try Sch 5S Pipe: 300 1.677 0.85 12,000 − 0.6 300 p 0.050 in OK The minimum fillet weld size is equal to 0.083 1.414 p 0.12 in Use shell thickness of 5⁄16 in., half-pipe jacket of NPS Sch 5S, and fillet weld size of 1⁄8 in t p 0.083 0.875 p 0.073 in r p 3.5 /2 − 0.073 p 1.677 in 640 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS P 1r 0.85S1 − 0.6P1 Licensee=Chevron Corp/5912388100 Not for Resale, 08/28/2008 13:27:13 MDT 2007 SECTION VIII — DIVISION NONMANDATORY APPENDIX FF GUIDE FOR THE DESIGN AND OPERATION OF QUICKACTUATING (QUICK-OPENING) CLOSURES FF-1 FF-3 INTRODUCTION Code rules cannot be written to address each specific design; therefore, engineering judgment exercised by a qualified designer with the necessary experience is required to achieve a safe design Because of the multiple requirements imposed on the design, it should be prepared by a designer with suitable experience and training in the design of quick-actuating closures The design must be safe, reliable, and allow for quick and safe opening and closing Therefore, sensing and safety devices and equipment are integral and vitally important parts of the closure, and are to be furnished or specified by the manufacturer of the vessel or the quick-actuating closure These devices must never be removed by the User It should be noted that there is a higher likelihood of personnel being close to the vessel and the closure when accidents during opening occur, especially those due to violations of operating procedures An example is attempting to pry open the closure when they believe the vessel has been depressurized and when it may not be The passive safety features described below can help to protect against such actions, but most can still be subverted Protection against subversion of safety features is covered under Inspection, Training, and Administrative Controls, below Some suggestions, which are not mandatory and which are not necessarily applicable to each design, are provided below for illustrative purposes Structural elements in the vessel and the closure are designed using required design margins However, it is also important to provide the features listed below for the prevention of erroneous opening (a) Passive Actuation A passively actuated safety feature or device does not require the operator to take any action to provide safety An example is a pressure relief valve in a vessel, or a pressure-actuated locking device in a quick-actuating closure (b) Redundancy A redundant safety feature or device is one of two or more features or devices that perform This Appendix provides guidance in the form of recommendations for the installation, operation, and maintenance of quick-actuating closures This guidance is primarily for the use of the Owner and the User The safety of the quickactuating closure is the responsibility of the User This includes the requirement for the User to provide training for all operating personnel, follow safety procedures, periodically inspect the closure, provide scheduled maintenance, and have all necessary repairs made in a timely fashion This Appendix also contains guidance for use by the Designer The rules specific to the design and construction of quick-actuating closures are found in para UG-35.2 of this Division The Manufacturer should supply to the Owner a copy(s) of the Installation, Operational, and Maintenance Manual for the quick-actuating closure which should, as a minimum, address the requirements described in this Appendix The Owner should supply a copy of the Installation, Operational, and Maintenance Manual to the User FF-2 DESIGN RESPONSIBILITIES It is the responsibility of the User to ensure that the sensing and safety devices and equipment specified by the Manufacturer are properly installed before initial operation, and maintained during subsequent operation Provision of written operation and maintenance procedures and training of personnel are also the responsibility of the Owner or User The User must not remove any devices furnished or specified by the Manufacturer of the vessel, and any repairs or replacements must be the same as, or equal to the original equipment furnished or specified by the Manufacturer The rules of this Division not require these safety devices to be supplied by the manufacturer of the vessel or of the quick-actuating closure 641 ```,,,,,,``,`,``,,`````,`,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Chevron Corp/5912388100 Not for Resale, 08/28/2008 13:27:13 MDT 2007 SECTION VIII — DIVISION the same safety function Two pressure-actuated locking devices in parallel are an example appliable to quick-actuating closures Another example is two or more independent holding elements, the failure of one of which not reducing the capability to withstand pressure loadings below an acceptable level (c) Fail-Safe Behavior If a device or element fails, it should fail in a safe mode An example applicable to quickactuating closures is a normally-closed electrical interlock that stays locked if power fails (d) Multiple Lines of Defense This can consist of any combination of two or more items from the list above They should consist, at the very least, of warnings or alarms to keep operators and other personnel away from a quickactuating closure Pressure controls and sensors that operate well at 50 or 100 psi (350 or 700 kPa) or at a much greater pressure often not operate well at very low pressure For example, they may not sense a small, static head of hot water Certain accidents can occur because of release of hot fluid under static head alone, or under very low pressure To protect against such accidents, separate controls and sensors may be used to maintain operating pressure on the one hand, and others may be required to prevent inappropriate opening at low pressures It may be necessary or desirable to utilize electrical or electronic devices and interlocks If these are used, careful installation, operating, and maintenance instructions (see below) will be required The effects of repetitive loading must be considered, as required by UG-22 There are two phenomena that are of major concern The first is the wear produced by repetitive actuation of the mechanism This can generally be mitigated by routine maintenance The second is fatigue damage produced in the vessel or in the closure by repetitive actuation of the mechanism or by repetitive pressurization and depressurization The Code does not provide explicit guidance for the evaluation or mitigation of wear As well as proper maintainenance, the selection of suitable materials for mating wear surfaces and control of contract stresses is necessary during the design process to properly control wear FF-4 FF-5 MAINTENANCE Vessels with quick-actuating closures are commonly installed in industrial environments subject to dirt, moisture, abrasive materials, etc These environmental factors are detrimental to safe and reliable operation of mechanical, electrical, and electronic sensors and safety devices Therefore, the User should establish a suitable cleaning and maintenance interval, and a means to verify that the equipment has been properly cleaned and maintained Specifically, accidents have occurred because gaskets have stuck, and have released suddenly when pried open Many soft gaskets (60–70 Shore A Scale) have a combined shelf life and operating life of as little as six months Aging can change the properties of the gasket material and change the gasket dimensions, impeding its proper function FF-6 INSPECTION It is recommended that the User inspect the completed installation including the pressure gauges before it is permitted to operate Records of this inspection should be retained It is recommended that the User establishes and documents a periodic in-service inspection program, and that this program is followed and documented FF-7 TRAINING Many accidents involving quick-actuating closures have occurred because the operators have been unfamiliar with the equipment or its safety features The greater safety inherent in current designs has sometimes been produced by the use of sophisticated mechanical, electrial, and electronic control devices In order to make these features produce the maximum safety, personnel should be properly trained in their operation and maintenance Note that accidents may occur because hot fluid remains present in the vessel at atmospheric pressure of to psig (15 to 20 kPa gage) When the vessel is forced open while under this pressure, injuries may occur Such specific accident-sources should be guarded against by training and by administrative procedures It is important that sound written operating procedures, understandable by the operating personnel and multi-lingual if necessary, exist for the quick-actuating closure, and that the operators be trained in the proper use of all interlocks, sensing devices, and manual closure mechanisms Provision of written operation and maintenance procedures and training of personnel are the responsibility of the User As part of the training program, testing should be performed to assure that the trainee understands the material INSTALLATION The Manufacturer should provide clear instructions for the installation of the quick-actuating closure itself and any adjustments that are necessary in the field An example is adjustment of wedges or clamps Instructions, preferably including schematics and drawings, should be provided for the installation, adjustment, and checkout of interlocks and warning devices 642 ```,,,,,,``,`,``,,`````,`,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Chevron Corp/5912388100 Not for Resale, 08/28/2008 13:27:13 MDT 2007 SECTION VIII — DIVISION he or she is trained in Records should be retained by the User FF-8 ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS The User should provide administrative controls over training, cleanliness, operation, periodic inspection, and maintenance of equipment with quick-actuating closures Records should be retained by the User 643 ```,,,,,,``,`,``,,`` Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Chevron Corp/5912388100 Not for Resale, 08/28/2008 13:27:13 MDT 2007 SECTION VIII — DIVISION NONMANDATORY APPENDIX GG GUIDANCE FOR THE USE OF U.S CUSTOMARY AND SI UNITS IN THE ASME BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL CODE GG-1 implied precision of one significant figure Therefore, the conversion to SI units would typically be to 20 000 kPa This is a difference of about 3% from the “exact” or soft conversion of 20 684.27 kPa However, the precision of the conversion was determined by the Committee on a case-by-case basis More significant digits were included in the SI equivalent if there was any question The values of allowable stress in Section II, Part D generally include three significant figures USE OF UNITS IN EQUATIONS The equations in this Nonmandatory Appendix are suitable for use only with either the U.S Customary or the SI units provided in Mandatory Appendix 33, or with the units provided in the nomenclature associated with that equation It is the responsibility of the individual and organization performing the calculations to ensure that appropriate units are used Either U.S Customary or SI units may be used as a consistent set When SI units are selected, U.S Customary values in referenced specifications may be converted to SI values to at least three significant figures for use in calculations and other aspects of construction GG-2 (e) Minimum thickness and radius values that are expressed in fractions of an inch were generally converted according to the following table: GUIDELINES USED TO DEVELOP SI EQUIVALENTS Fraction, in Difference, % 0.8 1.2 1.5 2.5 5.5 10 11 13 14 16 17 19 22 25 −0.8 −0.8 5.5 −5.0 5.5 −0.8 −5.0 1.0 5.5 −0.8 −5.0 1.0 −2.4 2.0 −0.8 2.6 0.3 1.0 1.6 ⁄32 ⁄64 ⁄16 ⁄32 ⁄8 ⁄32 ⁄16 ⁄32 ⁄4 ⁄16 ⁄8 ⁄16 ⁄2 ⁄16 ⁄8 11 ⁄16 ⁄4 ⁄8 The following guidelines were used to develop SI equivalents: (a) SI units are placed in parentheses after the U.S Customary units in the text (b) In general, separate SI tables are provided if interpolation is expected The table designation (e.g., table number) is the same for both the U.S Customary and SI tables, with the addition of suffix “M” to the designator for the SI table, if a separate table is provided In the text, references to a table use only the primary table number (i.e., without the “M”) For some small tables, where interpolation is not required, SI units are placed in parentheses after the U.S Customary unit (c) Separate SI versions of graphical information (charts) are provided, except that if both axes are dimensionless, a single figure (chart) is used (d) In most cases, conversions of units in the text were done using hard SI conversion practices, with some soft conversions on a case-by-case basis, as appropriate This was implemented by rounding the SI values to the number of significant figures of implied precision in the existing U.S Customary units For example, 3,000 psi has an ```,,,,,,``,`,``,,`````,`,`,``-`- Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Proposed SI Conversion, mm (f) For nominal sizes that are in even increments of inches, even multiples of 25 mm were generally used Intermediate values were interpolated rather than converting and rounding to the nearest mm See examples in 644 Licensee=Chevron Corp/5912388100 Not for Resale, 08/28/2008 13:27:13 MDT 2007 SECTION VIII — DIVISION (h) Areas in square inches (in ) were converted to square mm (mm2) and areas in square feet (ft2) were converted to square meters (m2) See examples in the following table: the following table [Note that this table does not apply to nominal pipe sizes (NPS), which are covered below.] Size, in Size, mm 11⁄8 11⁄4 11⁄2 21⁄4 21⁄2 31⁄2 41⁄2 12 18 20 24 36 40 54 60 72 25 29 32 38 50 57 64 75 89 100 114 125 150 200 300 450 500 600 900 000 350 500 800 Size or Length, ft Size or Length, m 200 1.5 60 Area (U.S Customary) 10 ```,,,,,,``,`,``,,`````,`,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS ⁄8 ⁄4 ⁄8 ⁄2 ⁄4 11⁄4 11⁄2 21⁄2 31⁄2 10 12 14 16 18 SI Practice DN DN DN DN DN DN DN DN DN DN DN DN DN DN DN DN DN DN DN DN DN 10 15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 U.S Customary Practice NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 Volume (U.S Customary) 10 in.3 in.3 in.3 ft3 Volume (SI) 16 000 mm3 100 000 mm3 160 000 mm3 0.14 m3 (j) Although the pressure should always be in MPa for calculations, there are cases where other units are used in the text For example, kPa is used for small pressures Also, rounding was to one significant figure (two at the most) in most cases See examples in the following table (Note that 14.7 psi converts to 101 kPa, while 15 psi converts to 100 kPa While this may seem at first glance to be an anomaly, it is consistent with the rounding philosophy.) SI Practice DN DN DN DN DN DN DN DN DN DN DN DN DN DN DN DN DN DN DN DN DN 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 Pressure (U.S Customary) Pressure (SI) 0.5 psi psi psi 10 psi 14.7 psi 15 psi 30 psi 50 psi 100 psi 150 psi 200 psi 250 psi 300 psi 350 psi 400 psi 500 psi 600 psi 1,200 psi 1,500 psi kPa 15 kPa 20 kPa 70 kPa 101 kPa 100 kPa 200 kPa 350 kPa 700 kPa MPa 1.5 MPa 1.7 MPa MPa 2.5 MPa MPa 3.5 MPa MPa MPa 10 MPa (k) Material properties that are expressed in psi or ksi (e.g., allowable stress, yield and tensile strength, elastic modulus) were generally converted to MPa to three significant figures See example in the following table: Strength (U.S Customary) Strength (SI) 95,000 psi 655 MPa 645 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS 650 mm2 000 mm2 500 mm2 0.5 m2 (i) Volumes in cubic inches (in.3) were converted to cubic mm (mm3) and volumes in cubic feet (ft3) were converted to cubic meters (m3) See examples in the following table: (g) For nominal pipe sizes, the following relationships were used: U.S Customary Practice in.2 in.2 in.2 ft2 Area (SI) Licensee=Chevron Corp/5912388100 Not for Resale, 08/28/2008 13:27:13 MDT 2007 SECTION VIII — DIVISION (l) In most cases, temperatures (e.g., for PWHT) were rounded to the nearest 5°C Depending on the implied precision of the temperature, some were rounded to the nearest 1°C or 10°C or even 25°C Temperatures colder than 0°F (negative values) were generally rounded to the nearest 1°C The examples in the table below were created by rounding to the nearest 5°C, with one exception: Temperature, °C 70 100 120 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 925 950 1,000 1,050 1,100 1,150 1,200 1,250 1,800 1,900 2,000 2,050 20 38 50 65 95 120 150 175 205 230 260 290 315 345 370 400 425 455 480 495 510 540 565 595 620 650 675 980 040 095 120 SOFT CONVERSION FACTORS The following table of “soft” conversion factors is provided for convenience Multiply the U.S Customary value by the factor given to obtain the SI value Similarly, divide the SI value by the factor given to obtain the U.S Customary value In most cases it is appropriate to round the answer to three significant figures U.S Customary SI in ft in.2 ft2 in.3 ft3 U.S gal U.S gal psi mm m mm2 m2 mm3 m3 m3 liters MPa psi (N/mm2) kPa psi ft-lb °F bar J °C °F °C R lbm lbf in.-lb K kg N N·mm 0.4535924 4.448222 112.98484 ft-lb ksi冪in Btu/hr N·m MPa冪m W 1.3558181 1.0988434 0.2930711 lb/ft3 kg/m3 16.018463 646 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Factor Licensee=Chevron Corp/5912388100 Not for Resale, 08/28/2008 13:27:13 MDT 25.4 0.3048 645.16 0.09290304 16,387.064 0.02831685 0.003785412 3.785412 0.0068948 6.894757 0.06894757 1.355818 ⁄9 (°F − 32) ⁄9 ⁄9 Notes Used exclusively in equations Used only in text and for nameplate Not for temperature difference For temperature differences only Absolute temperature Use exclusively in equations Use only in text Use for boiler rating and heat transfer ```,,,,,,``,`,``,,`````,`,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Temperature, °F GG-3