Asme b94 6 1984 (1995) scan (american society of mechanical engineers)

KNURLING ANSVASME B94.6-1984 (REVISION OF ANSI 894.6-1981) REAFFIRMED 1995 FOR CURRENT COMMllTEE PERSONNEL PLEASE SEE ASME MANUAL AS-11 S P O N S O R E DA N DP U B L I S H E DB Y T H EA M E R I C A NS O C I E T Y United Engineering Center OF M E C H A N I C A LE N G I N E E R S East 47th Street N e w York, N Y 001 Copyrighted material licensed to Stanford University by Thomson Scientific (www.techstreet.com), downloaded on Oct-05-2010 by Stanford University User No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled wh A AN M E R I C A NN A T I O N ASL T A N D A R D ACCEPTANCE NOTICE The above non-government standardization document was adopted 28 November 1984 and is approved for use by the DoD The indicated industry group has furnished the clearaczes required by existing regulations Copies of the document are stocked by DoD Single StockPoint, Naval Publications and Forms Center, Philadelphia, PA 19120, for issue DoD activities only Contractors and industry groups may obtain copies directly from: or The American Society ofMechanical Engineers 345 East 47th Street New York, NY 10017 The AmericanNational StandardsInstitute 1430 Broadway New York, NY 10018 Title of Document: Knur1in:g Document No.:ANSI/ASME B94.6-1984 Date of Specific Issue Adopted: 28 November 1984 Releasing Industry Group: The American Societyof Mechanical Engineers NOTICE: When reaffirmation, amendment, revision or cancellation of this standard is initially proposed, the industry group sponsible for this standard shall inform the military coordinatingactivity of the proposed change and request participation Custodians: Army - AR; N;tvy - OS; Air Force - 16 Military Coordinating Activity:Army Review Activities: Army - AV, AT, EA Navy - AS, SH,MC; DLA - IS (Project Number: DRPR-0265) re- - AR User Interest: Army - ME; Navy - YD AREA DRPR Date of Issuance: May 15, 1985 This Standard wiil be revised when the Society approves t h e issuance of a new edition There will be no addenda or written interpretations of the requirements of this Standard issued t o thk Edition This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the crlteria for American National Standards The Consensus Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced t o assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment which provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large ASME does not "approve," "rate," or "endorse" any item, constructlon, proprietary device, or activity ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connec:tion with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable Letters Patent, nor assume any such liability Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their o w n responsibility Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard ASME accepts responsibillty for only those interpretations issued in accordance with governing ASME procedures and policles which preclude the issuance of interpretations by individual volunteers No part of thts document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior'writtcn permissionof the publisher Copyright !'c) 1985 by OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS THE AMERICANSOCIETY All Rights Reserved Printed in U.S.A Copyrighted material licensed to Stanford University by Thomson Scientific (www.techstreet.com), downloaded on Oct-05-2010 by Stanford University User No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled wh ANSI/ASME 694.6-1984 28 November 1984 SUPERSEDING ANSI 694.6-1981 April 1982 (This Foreword is not part of ANSI/ASME 894.6-1984.) It has been commonly appreciated that in the production of knurling there were some difficult problems, and it appeared that a solution to many of them could probably be found in developing a knurling tool based on a diametral pitch system, as distinguished from the customary circumferential pitch formulas in use A diametral pitch system was first given consideration by the Company Member Conference oftheAmericanStandardsAssociation.Atitsmeeting of March 20, 1947, the Conference m t e d to establish a fact-finding Conference Subcommittee to consider the problems involved in knurling and the need for standardizationin the field of knurling practice On November I O , 1947, the Conference Subcommittee presented a report (CMC 50) and concluded that a Technical Committee should give consideration to improving knurling At its meeting of December , 1948, the B5 Sectional Committee reported that the Mechanical Standards Committee of the ASA had requested that consideration be given to the establishment of a project on knurling This request was approved at that time, and B5 Technical Committee 27 was thereupon organized in June 1949 TC27 held its first meeting in New York City on November , 1949 A proposed standard was prepared by TC27, and in September 1952 it was distributed t o industry for review and comments TC27 prepared a new draft, dated March 1953, taking into consideration the comments and suggestions received from the industry review The proposed standard was approved by the Sectional Committee, the sponsor, and finally by ASA on October 15, 1953 It was designated ASA B5.30-1953 A revision of the standard was approved by ASA on August 18, 1958, and it was published as ASA B5.30-1958 In November 1961, the ASA Mechanical Standards Board approved the request of the BS Sectional Committee sponsors that a separate project be initiated underASA Procedure on the topic of cutting tools As a result of this action, a new project was initiated, and ASME accepted sponsorship The Committee was designated B94 Cutting Tools, and the activity on cutting tools was removedfrom the B5 Sectional Committee The designation numbers of the technical committees were changed to conform with the new sectional committee organization €85 Technical Committee 27 was changed to B94 Technical Committee1 As required by ASA procedure, the Committee reviewed the proposal and approved some changes in the recommended tolerance on work blank diameter before knurling, as shown in Table Other changes, of an editorial nature, were made to bring the standard into conformance with the B94 format The present edition of this Standard was approved as an American National Standard on November 28, 1984 iii Copyrighted material licensed to Stanford University by Thomson Scientific (www.techstreet.com), downloaded on Oct-05-2010 by Stanford University User No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled wh FOREWORD (The following i s t h e roster of the Committee a t the time of approval of this Standard.) OFFICERS E J Czopor, Chairman W R Daisak, Secretary COMMITTEE PERSONNEL AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS, THE M E Merchant, Dr., Metcut Research Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio C F Wilson,AIrernare, General Electric Co., Worthington, Ohio CUTTING TOOL MANUFACTURERS OF AMERICA E J Czopor, Falcon Tool Co., Warren, Michigan C W Jatho,A/rernare, Cutting Tool Manufacturers Association, Birmingham, Michigan GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION W R Wacker, General Services Administration, Washington D.C HACK AND BAND SAW MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA R D C Schrade, Clemson Brothers Inc., Middletown New York C M Stockinger, Alfernare, Hack and Band Saw Manufacturers Association of America, Cleveland, Ohio METAL CUTTING TOOL INSTITUTE W A Wagner, Cleveland Twist Drill Co., Cleveland, Ohio J G Thimmig,A/rernare, Metal Cutting Tool Institute, Cleveland, Ohio NATIONAL MACHINE TOOL BUILDERS ASSOCIATION J J Robinson, The Valeron Corp., Madison Heights, Michigan A M Bratkovich, Alternate, National Machine Tool Builders Association, McLean, Virginia SOCIETY OF MANUFACTURING ENGINEERS G L Spencer, Ford Motor Co., Detroit, Michigan UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY D L York, Liaison, U.S Army Armament, Rock Island, Illinois I N D I V I D U A L MEMBERS A Ashburn McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, New York H Cooper, Water Technology Inc., Troy, Michigan R T Koblesky, lngersoll Cutting Toolco., Rockford, Illinois L Storrer Mohawk Tools, Inc., Montpelier, Ohio V Copyrighted material licensed to Stanford University by Thomson Scientific (www.techstreet.com), downloaded on Oct-05-2010 by Stanford University User No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled wh ASME STANDARDSCOMMITTEE B94 Cutting Tools, Holders, Drivers, and Bushings (3 L Johnson, Chairman, IBM Corp., Endicott, New York C 1.Appleton, Pratt & Whitney Co., Cleveland, Ohio C F Cowan, Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, New York 1’ J D d a r d i n s , Pratt and Whitney Co., West Hartford, Connecticut W J Johnson, J H Williams & Co., Buffalo, New York I Levy, General Electric Co., Schenectady, New York W.E Rolling, Brown & Sharpe Manufacturing Co., North Kingstown, Rhode Island vi Copyrighted material licensed to Stanford University by Thomson Scientific (www.techstreet.com), downloaded on Oct-05-2010 by Stanford University User No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled w TECHNICAL COMMITTEE 11 ON KNURLING Foreword Committee Roster Scope and Purpose Terminology Types of Tools Dimensioning- Marking on Knurlsand Dies RecommendedToleranceonKnurledOutsideDiameters TheTrackingCorrectionFactor Q Diagonal andDiamondKnurling With StraightToothKnurlingTools Figures Basic Formulas Measuredin 10 a Transverse Plane Typical Cylindrical Knurls Illustrations of StandardPitchKnurlsand Knurling TypicalFlatReciprocatingKnurling Dies StraightTeeth TypicalFlatStationaryKnurling Dies StraightTeeth TypicalFlatReciprocatingKnurling Dies Diagonal Teeth TypicalFlatStationaryKnurling Dies Diagonal Teeth Flat Knurling Die StraightTeeth Drawing Indications for Specifying Knurling Diagonal and Diamond Knurling Tables 1A Preferred Sizes for CylindricalTypeKnurls Additional Sizes for Bench andEngineLatheToolHolders Specifications for Flat Knurling Dies Knurling Data for Fractional Blank Diameters Using Standard Diametral Pitch Straight Knurling Tools Specifications for Straightand Diagonal Tooth Cylindrical K nurls Diagonal and Diamond Knurling Produced by Straight Tooth Cylindrical Knurls vii iii v 1 6 6 2 3 4 5 5 10 11 Copyrighted material licensed to Stanford University by Thomson Scientific (www.techstreet.com), downloaded on Oct-05-2010 by Stanford University User No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled wh CONTENTS AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD KNURLING work finished product the - applies to SCOPE AND PURPOSE ThisStandardcoversknurlingtoolswithstandardized diametralpitchesandincludesdimensionalrelations with stock in the production of straight, diagonal and diamond knurling on cylindrical surfaces having teeth of uniformpitchparalleltotheaxisofthecylinder or ata helixanglenotexceeding 45 deg.withaxisofwork Such knurling is made by displacement of the material a onthesurfacewhenrotatedunderpressureagainst knurling tool These tools and recommendations are equally applicable t o general purpose and precision knurling In brief, the advantage of this method is the provision by which of teeth to mesh as the tool good tracking (the ability penetrates the work blank insuccessive revolutions) is of diametral obtainedbytoolsdesignedonthebasis pitch instead of tpi (teeth per inch) when used with recommended work blank diameters that are multiples of '/64 or '/32 in,, depending upon the pitch selected This should improve the uniformity and appearance of knurling, eliminate the costly trial and error methods, reduce the failure of knurling tools and production of defective work, as well as decrease the number of tools required blank - appliestothePartPriortoknurl% TYPES OF TOOLS 3.1 Cylindrical Type (a) Thecylindricaltypeknurlingtoolcomprisesa holder and one or more knurls The knurl has a centrally located mounting hole and is provided with straight or diagonal teeth on its periphery The knurl is used t o reproduce, by rolling on the work blank, the pattern on the periphery of the knurl as the work blank and the knurl rotate ( b ) The basic formulas measured in a transverse plane are shown in Fig (c) Cylindricaltypeknurlswithlettersymbolsand formulas are shown in Fig.2 ( d ) The preferred sizes for cylindrical type knurls are givenin Table Additional sizes for bench and engine lathe tool holders are shownin Table A ( e ) Illustrations of standard pitch knurls and knurling are shown in Fig TERMINOLOGY 3.2 Flat Type diametral pitch - the quotient of the total number of teeth in the circumference of the work divided by the basic blank diameter In the case of the tool, it would be the total number of teeth in the circumference divided by the nominal diameter In this Standard, the diametral pitchandnumberofteetharealwaysmeasuredina transverse plane which is perpendicular to the axis ofrotation for diagonal as well as straight knurlsand knurling knurl - a tool with teeth on its periphery used to produce an imprint of the teeth on the cylindrical surface of the work knurling - designates the process and the knurled portion of the work (a) The flat type of tool is a knurling die, commonly used in reciprocating types of rolling machines as illustratedin Figs through Diesmaybemadewith either single or duplex faces having either straight or diagonal teeth No preferred sizes are established for flat dies (b) Anillustration of flat a knurlingdiehaving straight teeth, with the letter symbols and formulas is shown in Fig (c) Specificationsforflatknurlingdiesaregivenin Table ( d ) Drawingindicationsforspecifyingknurlingare shown in Fig Copyrighted material licensed to Stanford University by Thomson Scientific (www.techstreet.com), downloaded on Oct-05-2010 by Stanford University User No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled wh ANSllASME 094.6-1984 AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD KNURLING I p”” ‘\ 45 deg bevel to depth of teeth optional A = diameter of hole Do, = knurled diameter = D, Dnr = nominal diameter of cylindrical knurl + 2a = NtlP D, = work blank diameter Dot = major diameter of cylindrical knurl = N,/P = Dnr - [ (NrO)/nl N, = n u m t m o f t e e t h o n w o r k F = face w i d t h = P X L), Nr = number of teeth on cylindrical knurl P = diametral pitch = P X Dnr = NW/L), P = diametral pitch a = addendum of tooth on work = NtlDnt = (Don,- D,)l2 Pnr = circular pitch on nominaldiameter h = tooth depth FIG Straight Diagonal = n/P [Note (1)l BASICFORMULASMEASURED TRANSVERSE PLANE IN A Por = circular pitch on major diameter = nDot/Nt [Note (1)) Q = trackingcorrectionfactorapplied based on nominal diameter = Pnt -Pot [Note t o circularpitch (3)l R = radius root h = tooth depth $ = helix angle of knurl (30 deg preferred) [Note (2)] NOTES: 12w 16W FIG 64P For diagonalknurls Pnr and Pot, cover transverse circular pitch which is measured in the plane perpendicular t o t h e axis of rotation Helix angle on cylindrical knurl may be right hand or left hand Left-hand helix angle shown on knurl produces righthand helix on work Fordescriptionandspecificationsfortrackingcorrection factor, see Section 96P ILLUSTRATIONSOFSTANDARDPITCH KNURLS AND KNURLING FIG 2 TYPICAL CYLINDRICAL KNURLS Copyrighted material licensed to Stanford University by Thomson Scientific (www.techstreet.com), downloaded on Oct-05-2010 by Stanford University User No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled wh ANSIIASME 894.6-1984 AN AMERICAN NAlIONAL STANDARD 4f CR- 45 deg bevel t o d e p t h o f teeth optional J Reciprocating knurling die - Duplex face knurling die l = == Single face knurling d i e FIG TYPICAL FLAT RECIPROCATING KNURLlNG d DIES - STRAIGHT TEETH ll Stationary knurling die I Duplex face knurling die Single face knurling die FIG TYPICAL FLAT STATIONARY KNURLING DIES -STRAIGHT TEETH Copyrighted material licensed to Stanford University by Thomson Scientific (www.techstreet.com), downloaded on Oct-05-2010 by Stanford University User No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled w ANSIIASME 094.6-1984 AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD KNURLING I KNURLING Helix angle of k n u r l t r q dle ;IP J , m a y be right hand or left hand, $ angle Right-hand helix shown on'die produces left-hand helix on work 45 deg bevel to depth of teeth optional /I Reciprocating knurling die Duplex face knurling die E= Single face knuriing d i e FIG TYPICAL FLAT RECIPROCATING KNURLING DIES