www bzfxw com BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 27965 1 1993 ISO 7965 1 1984 Packaging — Sacks — Drop test — Part 1 Paper sacks The European Standard EN 27965 1 1992 has the status of a British Standard UDC 621[.]
Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 03 08:29:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BRITISH STANDARD Packaging — Sacks — Drop test — Part 1: Paper sacks The European Standard EN 27965-1:1992 has the status of a British Standard UDC 621.798.151-035.4:620.165.72 BS EN 27965-1:1993 ISO 7965-1: 1984 BS EN 27965-1:1993 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 03 08:29:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Cooperating organizations The European Committee for Standardization (CEN), under whose supervision this European Standard was prepared, comprises the national standards organizations of the following countries: This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Packaging and Freight Containers Standards Policy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 February 1993 © BSI 09-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PKM/11 Draft for comment 88/38291 DC ISBN 580 21402 Austria Oesterreichisches Normungsinstitut Belgium Institut belge de normalisation Denmark Dansk Standardiseringsraad Finland Suomen Standardisoimisliito, r.y France Association franỗaise de normalisation Germany Deutsches Institut fỹr Normung e.V Greece Hellenic Organization for Standardization Iceland Technological Institute of Iceland Ireland National Standards Authority of Ireland Italy Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione Luxembourg Inspection du Travail et des Mines Netherlands Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut Norway Norges Standardiseringsforbund Portugal Instituto Portuguès da Qualidade Spain Asociación Espola de Normalización y Certificación Sweden Standardiseringskommissionen i Sverige Switzerland Association suisse de normalisation United Kingdom British Standards Institution Amendments issued since publication Amd No Date Comments BS EN 27965-1:1993 Contents Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 03 08:29:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page Cooperating organizations Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword Scope and field of application References 3 Principle Apparatus Sampling Conditioning Procedure Test report Annex A Examples of apparatus for drop testing Annex B Identification of surfaces of filled sacks for testing Annex C Example of format for a drop test report National annex NA (informative) Committees responsible Inside back cover National annex NB (informative) Cross-references Inside back cover Figure — Graphical method for calculation of limit height, H Figure — Example of apparatus suitable for flat and side dropping Figure — Example of apparatus suitable for butt dropping Figure — Surface identification © BSI 09-1999 i BS EN 27965-1:1993 National foreword Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 03 08:29:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Packaging and Freight Containers Standards Policy Committee and is the English language version of EN 27965-1:1992 Packaging — Sacks — Drop test — Part 1: Paper sacks, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), which endorses ISO 7965-1:1984 published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) This British Standard constitutes a new edition of BS 6838 Testing of sacks — Part 1:1987 Method for determination of resistance of paper sacks to vertical impact by dropping which is withdrawn; BS 6838-1:1987 was also identical to ISO 7965-1:1984 A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover ii © BSI 09-1999 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 27965-1 NORME EUROPÉENNE November 1992 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 03 08:29:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPÄISCHE NORM UDC 621.798.151-035.4:620.165.72 Descriptors: Packing, paper packaging, paper bags, drop tests English version Packaging — Sacks — Drop test — Part 1: Paper sacks (ISO 7965-1:1984) Emballages — Sacs — Essai de chute — Partie 1: Sacs en papier (ISO 7965-1:1984) Packmittel — Säcke — Stoßprüfung im freien Fall Teil 1: Papiersäcke (ISO 7965-1:1984) ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1992-10-30 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom CEN European Committee for Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Europäisches Komitee für Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels © 1992 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref No EN 27965-1:1992 E Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 03 08:29:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 27965-1:1992 Foreword In 1991, ISO 7965-1:1984 “Packaging — Sacks — Drop test — Part 1: Paper sacks” was submitted to the CEN Primary Questionnaire procedure Following the positive result of the CEN/CS Proposal ISO 7965-1:1984 was submitted to the Formal Vote The result of the formal vote was positive This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 1993, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 1993 According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ © BSI 09-1999 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 03 08:29:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 27965-1:1992 Scope and field of application This part of ISO 7965 specifies a method of vertical impact testing on a filled paper sack by dropping It may be performed either as a single test to investigate the effects of vertical impact or as part of a sequence of tests designed to measure the ability of a sack to withstand a distribution system that includes a vertical impact hazard This part of ISO 7965 specifies the testing procedure and how the results of tests should be presented It is based on ISO 2248, but is specifically related to paper sacks A plastic film may be used on the impact surface under the sack in order not to damage the sack while moving it Sampling Sampling shall be carried out in accordance with the procedure in ISO 7023 Conditioning The empty sacks shall be conditioned in accordance with the procedure in ISO 6599-1, using one of the designated conditioning atmospheres References Procedure ISO 2248, Packaging — Complete, filled transport packages — Part 4: Vertical impact test by dropping ISO 6599-1, Packaging — Sacks — Conditioning for testing — Part 1: Paper sacks ISO 7023, Packaging — Sacks — Method of sampling empty sacks for testing The various tests as described shall be carried out in the same atmospheric conditions as used for conditioning (see clause 6) or, if not, the tests shall commence within of removing the sack from the conditioning atmosphere Principle The filled sack is raised above a rigid plane surface and released to strike this surface after a free fall, the atmospheric conditions, the height of drop and the position of the package being set in advance 7.1 Filling Fill the sacks with the intended commodity but, if this is not possible, with similar material, taking into account type and size of granules etc., to give the same degree of filling The mass of filling material shall be within ± 0,2 % of that of the nominal mass of the intended contents of the sack Position the sack on the trap door of the apparatus before the drop ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ Apparatus The apparatus necessary to carry out the drop test shall include the following (examples are shown in Annex A): 4.1 lifting arrangment, which will not damage the sack during either lifting or release 4.2 means of holding the sack prior to release in its predetermined position.1) 4.3 release mechanism, to release the sack in such a way that its fall is not obstructed by any part of the apparatus before striking the impact surface (4.4) 4.4 impact surface, horizontal and flat, massive enough to be immovable and rigid enough to be non-deformable under test conditions NOTE In normal circumstances the impact surface provided should be: — of one piece, with a mass at least 50 times that of the heaviest sack to be tested; — flat, such that no two points on its surface differ in level by more than mm; — rigid, such that it will not be deformed by more than 0,1 mm when an area of 100 mm2 is loaded statically with 10 kg anywhere on the surface; — sufficiently large to ensure that the sack falls entirely upon the surface 7.2 Dropping Place the sack under test centrally on the platform which is then raised to a height that is within ± % of the predetermined drop height as defined by the distance between the lowest point of the sack at the time of release and the nearest point of the impact surface The sack shall be released from its predetermined position within the following tolerances: — for drops on any side or edge: there shall be no variation of more than 2° between the impacting surface of the sack, and the horizontal surface; — for edge or corner drops: the angle between a prescribed surface of the sack and the horizontal surface shall be 45 ± 5°; — the velocity at impact shall be within ± % of that which would be achieved by a free fall 7.2.1 Dropping procedure NOTE The designation of the various surfaces of the filled sack is set down in Annex B 1) The difference in behaviour of a sack suspended from the top or supported underneath in a butt drop can be significant, and the method of holding the sack before dropping must be included in the test report © BSI 09-1999 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 03 08:29:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 27965-1:1992 7.2.1.1 Flat dropping 7.3.1.2 Butt drop test Drop successive sacks alternately on the face side (1) and on the back side (3), so that the first sack is dropped on the face side until it breaks and the second on the back side until it breaks, and so on The drop height, h, is given by the formula h = 0,30 + [(n – 1) × 0,05] where 7.2.1.2 Side dropping Drop successive sacks alternately on the side (2) and the side (4), so that the first sack is dropped on the side (2) until it breaks and the second on the side (4) until it breaks, and so on 7.2.1.3 Butt dropping Drop the sack only on the bottom (5), until it breaks 7.2.1.4 Edge and corner dropping If this test is necessary, drop the sack on any corner or any edge until it breaks 7.3 Test methods 7.3.1 Progressive drop height method This method may be used for flat, side and butt drop testing of paper sacks 7.3.1.1 Flat and side drop test The drop height, h, is given by the formula h = 0,85 + [(n – 1) × 0,15] where 0,85 is the value, in metres, of the initial drop height (h0); n is the number of drops; 0,15 is the value, in metres, of the increment (%h) The drop test shall be initiated at 0,85 m height (h0) After each drop without any visible failure on the sack, an increment of 0,15 m in drop height is made A sack shall be considered broken when spillage of the contents occurs The number of drops and the final drop height at break are recorded The test result can be reported as the average breaking height (h) and the corresponding number of drops (n) 0,30 is the value, in metres, of the initial drop height (h0); n is the number of drops; 0,05 is the value, in metres, of the increment (%h) The test result shall be reported in accordance with 7.3.1.1 NOTE For sacks of composite materials or with reinforcement of any type, a suitable initial drop height (h0) may be selected with increments (%h) of about 1/6 of the initial height, rounded to the nearest 0,15 m 7.3.2 Constant drop height method This method may be used for testing of ordinary paper sacks as an alternative to the progressive drop height method 7.3.2.1 Flat, side or butt drop test This test may be used for either flat, side or butt dropping and shall be performed from a constant height so selected that the number of drops before rupture is about 10 A sack shall be considered broken when spillage of the content occurs The report shall give the drop height, number of drops to breakage and the type of drops (i.e., flat, side or butt drops) ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ NOTE The constant drop height method has a special application when testing paper sacks intended for the transport of dangerous goods (maximum net mass 50 kg) According to Recommendations by the United Nations2) and the IMDG Code3), three sacks shall be sampled and tested In the UN Recommendations, paper sacks intended to convey goods presenting medium danger (Packaging Group II) shall be dropped from a height of 1,2 m while those presenting minor danger (Packaging Group III) shall be dropped from a height of 0,8 m It is required that each of the filled sacks shall be dropped once on the face side and once on the bottom from the prescribed height With both levels of testing, there shall be neither serious rupture of any of the sacks nor loss of contents 7.3.3 Limit height method This method shall be used to test sacks with higher strength than ordinary paper sacks 7.3.3.1 Flat, side or butt drop test The test may be performed as a flat, side or butt drop test In this test, the lowest height at which the sack will break on the first drop is calculated from the results obtained 2) Transport of dangerous goods — Recommendations prepared by the United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, United Nations Economic and Social Council 3) International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code, IMO (previously IMCO) © BSI 09-1999 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 03 08:29:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 27965-1:1992 The sack shall be dropped from three constant heights, which give mean drop numbers ( n ) of approximately 3, and 13 The limit height, H, is calculated from the formula: where n is the mean drop number; H is the limit height, in metres; h is the drop height, in metres; a is the constant to one sack grade H may also be calculated using a graphical method, by plotting the mean drop number, n , against the corresponding drop height, h, on log-log graph paper as shown in Figure The test report shall give the drop heights used, number of drops to breakage at each height and the type of drops (i.e., flat, side or butt) Test report The test report shall include full details of size, construction and type of all sacks tested, together with information on the type and weight of contents and type of closure All results shall be given and shall include details of position and type of failures A suitable format for a report form that may be used for this purpose is given in Annex C ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ Figure — Graphical method for calculation of limit height, H © BSI 09-1999 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 03 08:29:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 27965-1:1992 Annex A Examples of apparatus for drop testing ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ Figure — Example of apparatus suitable for flat and side dropping © BSI 09-1999 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 03 08:29:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 27965-1:1992 ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ Figure — Example of apparatus suitable for butt dropping © BSI 09-1999 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 03 08:29:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 27965-1:1992 Annex B Identification of surfaces of filled sacks for testing Figure — Surface identification The sack shall be placed on the back side (3) (i.e., the side containing the longitudinal seam) downwards, and the top (6) (i.e the filling end) of the sack positioned away from the observer, as Figure The different surfaces are identified as: Surface 1: Face side Surface 2: Right side Surface 3: Back side (longitudinal seam) Surface 4: Left side Surface 5: Bottom Surface 6: Top (filling end) ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ Annex C Example of format for a drop test report Test details Manufacturer: Sack type: Test purpose: Lot No.: Dimensions: Test method: Date of manufacture: Specifications: Conditioning: Order No.: Customer: Filling material: Date of test: Filling mass: © BSI 09-1999 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 03 08:29:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 27965-1:1992 Test results Drop No Sack No h cm 10 11 12 13 14 15 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ 17 18 19 20 Remarks: Date: Signature: © BSI 09-1999 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 03 08:29:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 27965-1:1992 ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ 10 © BSI 09-1999 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 03 08:29:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 27965-1:1993 National annex NA (informative) Committees responsible The United Kingdom participation in the preparation of this European Standard was entrusted by the Packaging and Freight Containers Standards Policy Committee (PKM/-) to Technical Committee PKM/11, upon which the following bodies were represented: Aluminium Federation Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry British Aerosol Manufacturers’ Association British Paper and Board Industry Federation British Plastics Federation Coated Paper and Board Makers’ Association Department of Health Department of Trade and Industry (Laboratory of the Government Chemist) Flexible Packaging Association Food and Drink Federation Her Majesty’s Stationery Office Institute of Purchasing and Supply Packaging and Industrial Films Association Pira International Retail Bag Manufacturers’ Association Sterilization Packaging Materials Association ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels: British Cement Association British Polyolefin Textiles Association Chemical Industries’ Association Jute Sack and Bag Manufacturers’ Association National Farmers’ Union Paper Sack Development Association Ltd Potato Marketing Board United Kingdom Jute Goods Association United Kingdom Sugar Industry Association National annex NB (informative) Cross-references Publication referred to Corresponding British Standard ISO 2248 BS 4826 Complete, filled transport packages Part 4:1986 Method for determination of resistance to vertical impact by dropping ISO 6599-1 BS EN 26599-1:1993 Packaging — Sacks — Conditioning for testing Part Paper sacks ISO 7023 BS EN 27023:1992 Packaging — Sacks — Method of sampling empty sacks for testing © BSI 09-1999 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 03 08:29:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 27965-1:1993 ISO 7965-1: 1984 BSI — British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level It is incorporated by Royal Charter Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee responsible, the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover Tel: 020 8996 9000 Fax: 020 8996 7400 BSI offers members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensures that subscribers automatically receive the latest editions of 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