BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 28662 1 1993 ISO 8662 1 1988 Hand held portable power tools — Measurement of vibrations at the handle — Part 1 General The European Standard EN 28662 1 1992 has the status of a[.]
Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Tue Jun 27 12:58:44 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BRITISH STANDARD Hand-held portable power tools — Measurement of vibrations at the handle — Part 1: General The European Standard EN 28662-1:1992 has the status of a British Standard UDC 534.1:534.6:621.9-182.4:534.83 BS EN 28662-1:1993 ISO 8662-1: 1988 Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Tue Jun 27 12:58:44 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 28662-1:1993 Cooperating organizations The European Committee for Standardization (CEN), under whose supervision this European Standard was prepared, comprises the national standards organizations of the following countries: Austria Belgium Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Iceland Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the General Mechanical Engineering Standards Policy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 January 1993 © BSI 03-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference GME/21 Draft for comment 86/76832 DC ISBN 580 21252 Oesterreichisches Normungsinstitut Institut belge de normalisation Dansk Standardiseringsraad Suomen Standardisoimisliito, r.y Association franỗaise de normalisation Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V Hellenic Organization for Standardization Technological Institute of Iceland National Standards Authority of Ireland Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione Inspection du Travail et des Mines Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut Norges Standardiseringsforbund Instituto Portugs da Qualidade Asociación Espola de Normalización y Certificación Standardiseringskommissionen i Sverige Association suisse de normalisation British Standards Institution Amendments issued since publication Amd No Date Comments BS EN 28662-1:1993 Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Tue Jun 27 12:58:44 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Contents Cooperating organizations National foreword Foreword Introduction to the European Standard Introduction Scope and field of application References Quantities to be measured Instrumentation Measurement direction and location Determination of working procedure Report on measurements National annex NA (informative) Committees responsible National annex NB (informative) Cross-references © BSI 03-1999 Page Inside front cover ii 2 3 3 5 Inside back cover Inside back cover i BS EN 28662-1:1993 Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Tue Jun 27 12:58:44 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI National foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the General Mechanical Engineering Standards Policy Committee and is the English language version of EN 28662-1:1992 Hand-held portable power tools — Measurement of vibrations at the handle — Part General published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) It is identical with ISO 8662-1:1986 published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) EN 28662-1:1992 was produced as a result of international discussion in which the UK took an active part The United Kingdom participation in the preparation of the International Standard (ISO 8662-1) was entrusted by the Machinery Components Standards Policy Committee (MCE/-) to Technical Committee MCE/8 A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover ii © BSI 03-1999 Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Tue Jun 27 12:58:44 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 28662-1 NORME EUROPÉENNE October 1992 EUROPÄISCHE NORM UDC 534.1:534.6:621.9-182.4:534.83 Descriptors: Vibration, power-operated tools, portable electric machine tools, handles, vibration tests, measurements English version Hand-held portable power tools — Measurement of vibrations at the handle — Part 1: General (ISO 8662-1:1988) Machines moteur protatives — Mesurage des vibrations au niveau des poignées — Partie 1: Généralités (ISO 8662-1:1988) Handgehaltene, tragbare motorbetriebene Werkzeuge — Teil 1: Allgemeines (ISO 8662-1:1988) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1992-10-19 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom CEN European Committee for Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Europäisches Komitee für Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels © 1992 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref No EN 28662-1:1992 E Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Tue Jun 27 12:58:44 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 28662-1:1992 Foreword Following consideration of the results of a Primary Questionnaire among members, the CEN Technical Board decided in October 1991 to submit the International Standard: ISO 8662-1:1988, Hand-held portable power tools — Measurement of vibrations at the handle — Part 1: General to the Formal Vote This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 1993, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 1993 According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom Introduction to the European Standard There are two primary reasons for measuring the vibration on hand held or hand guided machinery The first is to determine the vibration dose by combining the measured vibration accelerations with the time history over which the tool is used during a typical working day The measured vibration values should be obtained in such a way as to represent in as realistic a way as possible the actual working situation They should be measured over a sufficient time period to allow a good average value to be measured representing the actual daily exposure It may be necessary to use a number of tranducer locations in order to take account of different vibration levels over the grip surface or handle The vibration dose can then be converted to an equivalent level which would be considered to be constant over a reference period (e.g hours) This equivalent vibration value can then be used to evaluate the risk of damage due to the vibration exposure using agreed damage risk criteria The second reason would be to compare the vibrations from different tools or machinery or different models of the same tool The machine safety directive 89/392/EEC requires that measurements be made and values put into the instructions and sales literature if the values are greater than 2,5 ms–2 and, if the value is lower than 2,5 ms–2, that fact shall be stated The first measurements are called field measurements and the second are called type test measurements Field measurements require accurate measurements coupled with the appropriate time history and the result is very dependent on the particular process or way in which the tool is being used This means that field measurements cannot be used to type test tools Type test measurements require accurate and reproducible measurements It is essential that different laboratories obtain the same results within specified limits This requires that the process or way in which the tool or machinery is used during the meaurement is precisely defined Normally this process will be typical of the way the tool or machine is used in practice Unfortunately in some cases, in order to obtain sufficient accuracy, an artifical process, which is not typical of the way the tool is used in the field, has to be used However is it important that the process used in these measurements gives vibration levels which are typical of measurements made in the field It is clear that type test measurements cannot be used to assess vibration obtaining at the workplace ENV 25349 defines the parameters and gives general guidance on how field measurements and assessment of risk may be made In specific standards guidance will be given as to how to perform field tests for different types of machinery EN 28662-1 defines the general requirements that are needed for type test measurements and the tool specific parts of EN 28662 define precise methodologies for the type testing of specific tools © BSI 03-1999 Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Tue Jun 27 12:58:44 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 28662-1:1992 General Introduction This International Standard specifies type test methods for the measurement of vibrations in the handles of hand-held power-driven tools It defines a laboratory measuring procedure which provides accurate and reproducible results as well as results which are as far as possible in agreement with results measured under real working conditions These type tests serve to establish type values, enabling comparison of the same type or of different types of tools This part of ISO 8662 contains general requirements for the measurement of vibrations in all types of hand-held power tools The other parts of ISO 8662 specify type test procedures for the measurement of vibrations in handles of hand-held power-driven tools The type test is designed to give information on the vibration performance of a given power tool, making it possible to compare various tools As far as possible, the operating conditions of the tool will represent a typical work situation The operating procedure is specified in sufficient detail to ensure satisfactory reproducibility of measurements NOTE A number of test methods have been specified, covering a range from a real work situation to a completely artificial situation, to achieve the desired reproducibility The vibrations generated in a tool depend on the work situation in which it is used The operator’s exposure to vibration depends on factors additional to those specified in the type test given, e.g the operator’s experience, the condition of the tool and its accessories, the process and the duration of exposure This International Standard does not give any guidelines or recommendations for assessing the risk of damage due to the vibration exposure However, the magnitude of the vibrations measured is, as far as possible, a realistic measure of the vibration intensity to be expected in a normal working situation Vibrations in a hand-held power tool in a working situation comprise components generated in the machine itself and in the inserted tool, e.g the grinding wheel or chisel The workpiece and the process have an important influence on the vibration levels encountered It is not the purpose of this International Standard to separate the influences of these various factors 1) At present, the deviation observed between measurements carried out in different laboratories is not as low as desired However, development of the measurement technique and more precise specification of the operating conditions in conjunction with experience should lead to a greater degree of reproducibility in the future NOTE When further experience and more information have been gained, a revision to this International Standard may become justified Scope and field of application This part of ISO 8662 describes the basic requirements for evaluating vibrations in the handles of hand-held power-driven tools It is not intended for assessment of human exposure to vibrations The measurement and assessment of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration in the workplace is given in ISO 5349 References ISO 1683, Acoustics — Preferred reference quantities for acoustic levels ISO 5347, Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock pick-ups1) ISO 5348, Mechanical vibration and shock — Mechanical mounting of accelerometers ISO 5349, Mechanical vibration — Guidelines for the measurement and the assessment of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration ISO 5805, Mechanical vibration and shock affecting man — Vocabulary ISO 8041, Human response to vibration — Measuring instrumentation1) IEC Publication 225, Octave, half-octave and third-octave band filters intended for the analysis of sounds and vibrations Quantities to be measured 3.1 Physical quantity Vibrations are measured as the acceleration of the handles of the power tool under test and shall be expressed as the rootmean-square (r.m.s.) acceleration, ah, in metres per second squared The magnitude of the vibration may also be expressed in terms of an acceleration level, L a , in decibels, determined according to the formula h a L a = 20 lg h- h a 0 At present at the stage of draft © BSI 03-1999 Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Tue Jun 27 12:58:44 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 28662-1:1992 where ah is the r.m.s acceleration, in metres per second squared; a0 is the reference acceleration equal to 10 – m/s2, as specified in ISO 1683 3.2 Frequency analysis Measurement shall be made in octave bands with centre frequencies of to 000 Hz or in one-third octave bands with centre frequencies of 6,3 to 250 Hz NOTE A frequency analysis in octave bands is regarded to be necessary in order to judge the validity of the measurement of the weighted value (see 3.3 and 4.3), e.g high values in bands below the repetition frequency of the tool may indicate the presence of non-linear effects NOTE Octave band values can be directly measured or calculated from one-third octave band values 3.3 Weighted acceleration Weighted acceleration values, a h,W , can be obtained either by measurement using the weighting filter for hand-arm vibration measurements defined in ISO 8041 or by calculation from one-third octave band data, using the weighting factors specified in ISO 5349 NOTE These two methods may produce different results owing to differences in the curves, the tolerances, and the filter characteristics in the electronic filtering networks Instrumentation 4.1 Specification of transducer A transducer for measuring acceleration, such as a piezoelectric device, shall be used in conjunction with a suitable preamplifier ISO 8041 shall be consulted for the specification of the measuring equipment The total mass of the vibration transducer and its mounting shall be small in relation to that of the handle; it shall preferably be less than 50 g and not more than % of the mass of the tool complete with accessories Specifications such as the transverse sensitivity (less than 10 %), the ambient temperature range and the maximum shock acceleration shall be considered in the selection of accelerometers NOTE Under certain conditions, particularly when mounting a transducer on a handle made of a non-metallic material, e.g plastic or rubber, or on a very light handle (approximately less than % of the total mass of the tool complete with accessories), the above-stated mass of 50 g may lead to measurement errors In this case it is necessary to use a transducer as small and light as possible 4.2 Fastening of transducer The transducer and the mechanical filter, if used, shall be mounted firmly, for example by using a threaded stud or clamp Further details are given for individual tools in the relevant parts of ISO 8662 In all cases the mounting shall be in accordance with the transducer manufacturer’s instructions For accelerometers, the mounting shall be in accordance with ISO 5348 NOTE The measurement of vibration on handles with resilient covers can be accomplished by using a special adaptor between the hand and the handle The adaptor may consist of a suitably formed light rigid plate with a suitable mounting arrangement for the accelerometer used Care should be taken that the mass, size and shape of the adaptor not significantly influence the signal from the transducer in the frequency range of interest 4.3 Mechanical filter For percussive tools, particularly those with an all-metal housing, the use of a mechanical filter together with the accelerometer is recommended However, if it is known that no measurement errors are introduced when the mechanical filter is not used, it need not be used The measurement errors may be, for example, periodic d.c shifts which contribute to the vibration signal in the frequency range of interest NOTE High acceleration in the high-frequency components of the vibration may cause the accelerometer to generate false signals in the frequency range of interest because of excitation of the resonance of the transducer itself Mechanical filters may be used to reduce the high-frequency components of the vibration input into the accelerometer The mechanical filter, if used, shall be adapted to the mass of the accelerometer to produce a response from 6,3 Hz up to 1,5 kHz The cut-off frequency of the mechanical filter shall be at least a factor of five below the resonance frequency of the accelerometer 4.4 Frequency filters If octave band and one-third octave band filters are used they shall be as specified in IEC Publication 225 4.5 Weighting filter and r.m.s detector If a weighting filter and r.m.s detector for hand-arm vibration measurements are used they shall be as specified in ISO 8041 The suggested methods for obtaining the individual r.m.s values are as follows If the signal for analysis is of short duration, or if its magnitude varies substantially with time, a simple analysis cannot be made © BSI 03-1999 Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Tue Jun 27 12:58:44 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 28662-1:1992 In order to obtain r.m.s values under these circumstances, it is necessary to use an integrating meter or analyser which is equipped with “linear integration” facilities It is recommended that “linear integration” analysis be adopted as the preferred method The type of analyser normally used for noise analysis can be used only when the signal is relatively steady with time or is of sufficient duration In such circumstances, the time constant chosen shall be appropriate for the signal duration 4.6 Signal recording The vibration signal may be stored for later evaluation using a suitable high quality instrumentation recorder The vibration spectrum shall be corrected for any deviation from a flat frequency response of the recorder The corrections to the octave band centre frequencies or the one-third octave band frequencies shall be recorded in the test report 4.7 Auxiliary equipment The auxiliary equipment for monitoring the running condition (electrical conditions, power, air pressure, rotational speed, etc.) and the working conditions of specific tools will be specified in subsequent parts of ISO 8662 A working procedure similar to that of a typical real working situation is preferred The number of runs and the length of each run shall be sufficient to obtain an appropriate accuracy These data are specified for individual tools in the relevant parts of ISO 8662 If for reasons of better reproducibility an artificial procedure is defined, the vibration source should produce approximately the same intensity of vibration as that in a real work situation 6.2 Operating conditions Measurements shall be carried out using a properly serviced and lubricated machine under stable running conditions The machine shall be operated at the rated power supply, e.g rated voltage or pressure, and this shall be maintained for the duration of the test The speed or blow rate shall be controlled and measured during the test Specifications for the speed of individual tools are given in the relevant parts of ISO 8662 6.3 Inserted tool, workpiece and task Measurement direction and location The inserted tool (e.g chisel, grinding wheel, chain or drill) to be used with the machine, the workpiece and the task will be specified in subsequent parts of ISO 8662 It should be noted that even small differences in size, shape, material, wear, unbalance etc of the inserted tool can alter the vibration intensity considerably If a complete test rig is used, its design shall be reported in detail 5.1 Measurement direction 6.4 Operator 4.8 Calibration The measuring chain including the transducer shall be calibrated (see ISO 8041 and ISO 5347) system2) A basicentric coordinate shall be used When appropriate, measurements shall be made in the dominant axis This axis is defined for specific tools in subsequent parts of ISO 8662 If no dominant axis exists, then measurements shall be made in all three axes The vibrations of the tool can be influenced by the operator The operator shall therefore be skilled and able to operate the tool properly 5.2 Measurement location The report shall contain a reference to this part of ISO 8662 and to any relevant subsequent parts Measurements shall be carried out at a point half-way along the length of the handles or at such places where an operator normally holds the tool during a typical operation The specification of measurement positions on individual tools is given in subsequent parts of ISO 8662 Report on measurements 7.1 References 7.2 List of instrumentation The manufacturer, type and relevant specifications of the instruments used shall be stated 7.3 Transducer fastening measurement location and the kind of fastening Determination of working procedure The of the transducer and (if applicable) of the 6.1 General The working procedure shall be specified in as much detail as necessary to achieve appropriate reproducibility 2) mechanical filter shall be described A statement of the measurement directions shall be given See ISO 5805 for the definition © BSI 03-1999 Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Tue Jun 27 12:58:44 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 28662-1:1992 7.4 Description of the power tool and the inserted tool A description of the power tool and the inserted tool shall be given The description of the power tool shall include the following details: a) manufacturer; b) type; c) model number; d) serial number; e) running conditions; f) mass The description of the inserted tool shall include the following details: a) manufacturer; b) type; c) model number; d) serial number; e) size; f) mass A description of the handle covering shall be given 7.5 Working conditions A detailed description of the working conditions as specified in the relevant part of ISO 8662 shall be given 7.6 Signal processing The type of signal integration in the spectrum analyser and the method of determining the weighted acceleration shall be stated 7.7 Additional specifications All relevant details on the measurement set-up such as the size, type and mounting of the workpiece shall be stated 7.8 Result The result shall be presented as a weighted value For certain types of tools, octave band values shall also be reported when this is specified in the applicable part of ISO 8662 © BSI 03-1999 Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Tue Jun 27 12:58:44 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 28662-1:1993 National annex NA (informative) Committees responsible The United Kingdom participation in the preparation of this European Standard was entrusted by the General Mechanical Engineering Standards Policy Committee (GME/-) to Technical Committee GME/21, upon which the following bodies were represented: Electricity Association Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors Imperial College of Science and Technology Institute of Sound and Vibration Research Institution of Mechanical Engineers Lloyd’s Register of Shipping Ministry of Defence Open University Power Generation Contractors Association (BEAMA Ltd.) Railway Industry Association of Great Britain Sira Test and Certification Ltd Society of British Aerospace Companies Limited University of Manchester The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels: Association of Consulting Engineers British Aggregate Construction Materials Industries British Agricultural and Garden Machinery Association Ltd British Gas plc British Hydraulic Tool Manufacturers’ Association British Lawnmower Manufacturers’ Federation British Occupational Hygiene Society British Railways Board Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment) Forestry Commission Health and Safety Executive Heriot-Watt University Institute of Explosives Engineers Medical Research Council Portable Electrical Tool Manufacturers’ Association Society of Environmental Engineers Steel Casting Research and Trade Association University College of Swansea University of Salford National annex NB (informative) Cross-references Publication referred to ISO 5347 ISO 5348:1987 IEC 225:1966 © BSI 03-1999 Corresponding British Standard BS 6955 Calibration of vibration and shock pick-ups BS 7129:1989 Recommendations for mechanical mounting of accelerometers for measuring mechanical vibration and shock BS 2475:1964 Specification for octave and one-third octave band-pass filters Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Tue Jun 27 12:58:44 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 28662-1:1993 ISO 8662-1: 1988 BSI — British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level It is incorporated by Royal Charter Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee responsible, the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover Tel: 020 8996 9000 Fax: 020 8996 7400 BSI offers members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensures that subscribers automatically receive the latest editions of standards Buying standards Orders for all BSI, international and foreign standards publications should be addressed to Customer Services Tel: 020 8996 9001 Fax: 020 8996 7001 In response to orders for international standards, it is BSI policy to supply the BSI implementation of those that have been published as British Standards, unless otherwise requested Information on standards BSI provides a wide range of information on national, European and international standards through its Library and its Technical Help to Exporters Service Various BSI electronic information services are also available which give details on all its products and services Contact the Information Centre Tel: 020 8996 7111 Fax: 020 8996 7048 Subscribing members of BSI are kept up to date with standards developments and receive substantial discounts on the purchase price of standards For details of these and other benefits contact Membership Administration Tel: 020 8996 7002 Fax: 020 8996 7001 Copyright Copyright subsists in all BSI publications BSI also holds the copyright, in the UK, of the publications of the internationalstandardization bodies Except as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 no extract may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without prior written permission from BSI This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade designations If these details are to be used for any other purpose than implementation then the prior written permission of BSI must be obtained BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL If permission is granted, the terms may include royalty payments or a licensing agreement Details and advice can be obtained from the Copyright Manager Tel: 020 8996 7070