BS EN 16603-31:2014 BSI Standards Publication Space engineering — Thermal control general requirements BS EN 16603-31:2014 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16603-31:2014 It supersedes BS EN 14607-1:2004 which is withdrawn The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee ACE/68, Space systems and operations A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application © The British Standards Institution 2014 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014 ISBN 978 580 84091 ICS 49.140 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2014 Amendments issued since publication Date Text affected BS EN 16603-31:2014 EN 16603-31 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM September 2014 ICS 49.140 Supersedes EN 14607-1:2004 English version Space engineering - Thermal control general requirements Ingénierie spatiale - Contrôle thermique, exigences générales Raumfahrttechnik - Thermalkontrolle, allgemeine Andorderungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on March 2014 CEN and CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN and CENELEC member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN and CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels © 2014 CEN/CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members and for CENELEC Members Ref No EN 16603-31:2014 E BS EN 16603-31:2014 EN 16603-31:2014 (E) Table of contents Foreword Scope Normative references Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms 3.1 Terms from other standards 3.2 Terms specific to the present standard .8 3.3 Abbreviated terms 19 Requirements 21 4.1 Mission 21 4.1.1 General .21 4.1.2 Ground and pre-launch 21 4.1.3 Launch and ascent 21 4.1.4 Planetary orbital phases 22 4.1.5 Interplanetary phases 22 4.1.6 Planetary natural environment 22 4.1.7 Docking, docked and separation phases 22 4.1.8 Descent, entry and landing 23 4.1.9 Post-landing phases 23 4.2 Performance 23 4.2.1 General .23 4.2.2 High temperature range 24 4.2.3 Cryogenic temperature range 24 4.2.4 Functionality 25 4.3 Requirements towards other subsystems 25 4.3.1 General .25 4.3.2 Mechanical 25 4.3.3 Electrical 26 4.3.4 AOCS 26 4.3.5 TM/TC .27 BS EN 16603-31:2014 EN 16603-31:2014 (E) 4.3.6 OBDH and S/W 27 4.3.7 Launcher 27 4.3.8 GSE 28 4.3.9 ECLS 28 4.4 Design 28 4.4.1 General .28 4.4.2 Budget allocation 29 4.4.3 Parts, materials and processes (PMP) 29 4.4.4 EEE components 29 4.4.5 Lifetime .29 4.4.6 Predictability and testability 29 4.4.7 Flexibility 29 4.4.8 Integration and accessibility 29 4.4.9 Reliability 30 4.4.10 Interchangeability 30 4.4.11 Maintenance .30 4.4.12 Safety 30 4.4.13 Availability 30 4.5 Verification 30 4.5.1 Overview 30 4.5.2 Verification requirements specific to TCS 30 4.5.3 Thermal balance test (TBT) 32 4.6 Production and manufacturing 34 4.6.1 Procurement .34 4.6.2 Manufacturing process 35 4.6.3 Quality management 35 4.6.4 Cleanliness and Contamination 35 4.6.5 Integration 36 4.6.6 Identification and Marking 36 4.6.7 Packaging, handling, transportation 36 4.6.8 Storage .36 4.6.9 Repair .36 4.7 In-service requirements 36 4.8 Product assurance 37 4.9 Deliverables 37 4.9.1 General .37 4.9.2 Hardware 37 BS EN 16603-31:2014 EN 16603-31:2014 (E) 4.9.3 Documentation 37 4.9.4 Mathematical models 39 Document requirements definitions (DRD) list 40 Bibliography 64 Figures Figure 3-1: Temperature definitions for thermal control system (TCS) Figure 3-2: Temperature definitions for unit thermal design 16 Figure 4-1: Product exchange between the system, TCS and the supplier or manufacturer 38 Tables Table 5-1: ECSS-E-ST-31 DRD list 41 Table G-1 : Definitions and requirements for the cryogenic temperature range used in this Standard 62 Table H-1 : Definitions and requirements for the high temperature range used in this Standard 63 BS EN 16603-31:2014 EN 16603-31:2014 (E) Foreword This document (EN 16603-31:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/CLC/TC “Space”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN This standard (EN 16603-31:2014) originates from ECSS-E-ST-31C This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2015 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights This document supersedes EN 14607-1:2004 This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association This document has been developed to cover specifically space systems and has therefore precedence over any EN covering the same scope but with a wider domain of applicability (e.g : aerospace) According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom BS EN 16603-31:2014 EN 16603-31:2014 (E) Scope ECSS-E-ST-31 defines requirements for the discipline of thermal engineering This Standard defines the requirements for the definition, analysis, design, manufacture, verification and in-service operation of thermal control subsystems of spacecraft and other space products For this Standard, the complete temperature scale is divided into three ranges: • Cryogenic temperature range • Conventional temperature range • High temperature range The requirements of this Standard are applicable to the complete temperature scale However, where applicable, requirements are stated to be applicable only for the cryogenic or high temperature range References to these specific requirements have been summarized in Annex G and Annex H This standard is applicable to all flight hardware of space projects, including spacecraft and launchers This standard may be tailored for the specific characteristic and constrains of a space project in conformance with ECSS-S-ST-00 BS EN 16603-31:2014 EN 16603-31:2014 (E) Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this ECSS Standard For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revision of any of these publications not apply, However, parties to agreements based on this ECSS Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the more recent editions of the normative documents indicated below For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies EN reference Reference in text Title EN 16601-00-01 ECSS-S-ST-00-01 ECSS system – Glossary of terms EN 16603-10-02 ECSS-E-ST-10-02 Space engineering – Verification EN 16603-10-03 ECSS-E-ST-10-03 Space engineering – Testing EN 16603-10-04 ECSS-E-ST-10-04 Space engineering – Space environment EN 16601-40 ECSS-M-ST-40 Space project management – Configuration and information management EN 16602-20 ECSS-Q-ST-20 Space product assurance – Quality assurance EN 16602-40 ECSS-Q-ST-40 Space product assurance – Safety EN 16602-70 ECSS-Q-ST-70 Space product assurance – Materials, mechanical parts and processes EN 16602-70-01 ECSS-Q-ST-70-01 Space product assurance – Cleanliness and contamination control BS EN 16603-31:2014 EN 16603-31:2014 (E) Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms 3.1 Terms from other standards For the purpose of this Standard, the terms and definitions from ECSS-ST-00-01 apply, in particular for the following terms: acceptance test (system level) assembly item part For the purpose of this Standard, the following terms and definitions from ECSS-E-ST-10-03 apply: temperature cycle 3.2 Terms specific to the present standard 3.2.1 General 3.2.1.1 acceptance margin contingency agreed between system authority and TCS to account for unpredictable TCS-related events NOTE The acceptance margin is the difference between the upper or lower acceptance temperature and the upper or lower design temperature (for both operating and non operating mode) See Figure 3-1 BS EN 16603-31:2014 EN 16603-31:2014 (E) Annex D (normative) TCS interface control document - DRD D.1 DRD identification D.1.1 Requirement identification and source document This DRD is called from ECSS-E-ST-31, requirement 4.3.1b D.1.2 Purpose and objective The TCS interface control document specifies interfaces of thermal control hardware to other subsystems and to the system It contains mechanical, electrical, operational, handling, accommodation and safety requirements and constraints The first draft version of the TCS interface control document is produced for the PDR and updated issues follow for major project reviews (CDR, FAR) Tailored TCS interface control document versions are derived for spacecraft development and test models The content of this document can be merged with the TCS design description of Annex F D.2 Expected response D.2.1 Introduction a The TCS interface control document shall contain a description of the purpose, objective, content and the reason prompting its preparation b Any open issue, assumption and constraint relevant to this document shall be stated and described a 52 Scope and content Applicable and reference documents The TCS interface control document shall list the applicable and reference documents in support to the generation of the document (in particular thermal item ICDs at lower level) BS EN 16603-31:2014 EN 16603-31:2014 (E) a Definitions and abbreviations The TCS interface control document shall list the applicable directory or glossary and the meaning of specific terms or abbreviations utilized in this document a Presentation of interface control requirements TCS interfaces shall be defined in an interface control document (ICD), which includes interface control drawings Interface control drawings a Reference shall be given to subsystem specific ICDs to be delivered as separate package b The thermal interface control drawing shall contain: location of thermal hardware within the spacecraft, identification of thermally relevant surface properties, identification of insulated areas including insulation fasteners, location of heaters, thermostats, sensors (test, flight configuration), thermally dictated mounting provisions (identification of interface filler, number of mounting bolts and torque, MLI mounting provisions), location of temperature reference points, definition of specific interfaces of thermal fluidic systems, mechanical, electrical, handling and accommodation requirements as far as presentable in drawings, critical interfaces to other subsystems, to the system and the launcher a a Thermal interfaces The TCS interface control document shall list thermal interface data, including: temperature ranges, gradients and variations for mission phases; environmental temperatures); boundary temperatures and heat fluxes; thermal interface conductance loads (external fluxes and environmental Mechanical interfaces The TCS interface control document shall list mechanical interface data including: 53 BS EN 16603-31:2014 EN 16603-31:2014 (E) Dimensions, mass, material and surface properties of thermal hardware Quality of thermally relevant surfaces NOTE Properties of thermally relevant components, which are under the responsibility of other subsystems NOTE a Electrical interfaces The TCS interface control document shall list the following electrical interface data: Power consumption of thermal components and electrical subsystem budget Interfaces of thermal control electrical units For example: Heater circuits, switches, feedback control, sensors Data handling and monitoring interfaces The TCS interface control document shall identify TM / TC interfaces and provide a list of on-board and ground control parameters NOTE For example: Temperature range, precision, resolution, regulation thresholds, alarm settings Operation, handling, maintenance and safety The TCS interface control document shall identify the following thermal hardware constraints with respect to operation, handling and maintenance: Operational constraints of thermal control components NOTE For example: Heat pipe unit and heat pipe system operation at different temperatures and tilt, minimum start-up power of two-phase loops, dry-run capabilities of mechanical pumps Accommodation constraints of thermal control hardware NOTE 54 For example: Redundancy, voltage, resistance, feed wire characteristic of heaters, pumps, temperature sensor and Peltier elements Layout schematics for thermal control electrical circuitry NOTE a For example: Brackets, face sheets of sandwich Subsystem mass budget NOTE a For example: Roughness, flatness For example: MLI maximum mounting / demounting cycles BS EN 16603-31:2014 EN 16603-31:2014 (E) Requirements to prevent contamination of sensitive thermal surfaces NOTE For example: Cover on thermal radiators during ground handling and storage Environmental requirements during transportation and at the launch site Precautions and safety requirements for thermal pressurized components D.2.2 Special remarks None 55 BS EN 16603-31:2014 EN 16603-31:2014 (E) Annex E (normative) TCS thermal balance test specification DRD E.1 DRD identification E.1.1 Requirement identification and source document This DRD is called from ECSS-E-ST-31, requirement 4.5.3.1a E.1.2 Purpose and objective The TCS thermal balance test specification describes in detail the test requirements applicable to the thermal control subsystem thermal balance test In particular it defines the purpose of the test, the test approach, the test article and the set-up, the required GSE, test equipment and instrumentation, test conditions, test sequences, test facility, pass / fail criteria, required documentation, participants and test schedule The TCS thermal balance test specification is used as an input to the test procedures, as a requirement document for booking the environmental test facility and to provide to the customer details of the test activity in advance of the activity itself The test specification is used as basis for writing the relevant test procedures and test report, which is generally performed by personnel of the test facility In writing the test specification potential overlaps with the test procedure are minimized (i.e the test specification gives emphasis on requirements, the test procedure on operative step-by-step instructions) E.2 Expected response E.2.1 a 56 Scope and content Introduction The TCS thermal balance test specification shall contain a description of the purpose, objective, content and the reason prompting its preparation BS EN 16603-31:2014 EN 16603-31:2014 (E) b a a a a a Any open issue, assumption and constraint relevant to this document shall be stated and described Applicable and reference documents The TCS thermal balance test specification shall list the applicable and reference documents in support to the generation of the document Definitions and abbreviations The TCS thermal balance test specification shall list the applicable directory or glossary and the meaning of specific terms or abbreviations utilized in this document Requirements to be verified The TCS thermal balance test specification shall list the requirements to be verified in the TBT and shall provide traceability where in the test the requirement is covered Test approach The TCS thermal balance test specification shall summarize the test objectives of and the approach to the test activity NOTE Test objective is the verification of the thermal mathematical model of the subsystem by comparing test results with test predictions in order to verify with the correlated model the thermal control subsystem design NOTE The discussion of the selection of test cases, the suitability of a reduced spacecraft hardware model (due to test facility constraints), non-flight condition of fluidic systems, applicability of solar simulation, the necessity of a rotating spacecraft, etc are elements to explain the test approach Test definition The TCS thermal balance test specification shall define the configuration of the test article, including number, type, location of sensors, acquisition rate and format output, the test set-up, the necessary GSE, the test conditions and the applicable constraints NOTE The TBT should be harmonized with the system thermal vacuum test (TVT), which generally takes place in sequential order in the same vacuum chamber 57 BS EN 16603-31:2014 EN 16603-31:2014 (E) a Test facility The TCS thermal balance test specification shall list the applicable test facility requirements together with the instrumentation, data acquisition and test equipment to be used NOTE a Test sequence The TCS thermal balance test specification shall list the test activity flow and the associated requirements a Pass/fail criteria The TCS thermal balance test specification shall list the pass/fail criteria NOTE a The TCS thermal balance test specification shall list the requirements for the involved documentation (including test procedure, test report and PA / QA records) 58 Requirements for test procedure and test report should constitute a clear baseline for establishing these documents by the test facility authority Test organization The TCS thermal balance test specification shall list the test responsibilities, participants to be involved and the schedule outline E.2.2 None Pass/fail criteria are related to the flawless operation of thermal hardware Test documentation NOTE a Test facility requirements are defined in close cooperation with the TVT authority Special remarks BS EN 16603-31:2014 EN 16603-31:2014 (E) Annex F (normative) TCS detailed design description - DRD F.1 DRD identification F.1.1 Requirement identification and source document This DRD is called from ECSS-E-ST-31, requirement 4.4.1c F.1.2 Purpose and objective The TCS detailed design description provides a comprehensive technical description of the thermal control subsystem including justification that the design meets the performance requirements specified in the subsystem specification The thermal control subsystem supplier produces the TCS detailed design description for the system CDR and its acceptance at the CDR implies a commitment by the system authority to proceed with the implementation of the subsystem according to that detailed design F.2 Expected response F.2.1 Scope and content Introduction a The TCS detailed design description shall contain a description of the purpose, objective, content and the reason prompting its preparation b Any open issue, assumption and constraint relevant to this document shall be stated and described a Applicable and reference documents The TCS detailed design description shall list the applicable and reference documents in support to the generation of the document 59 BS EN 16603-31:2014 EN 16603-31:2014 (E) a Definitions and abbreviations The TCS detailed design description shall list the applicable directory or glossary and the meaning of specific terms or abbreviations utilized in this document a Summary of design requirements The TCS detailed design description shall summarize the driving design requirements (reference to other documents for details) for the subsystem, including: Mission requirements Definition of orbits, which are relevant for the subsystem design (i.e orbits for warm and cold design cases) Timeline and load cases Spacecraft geometry and coordinate system Temperature limit, temperature gradients and temperature stability requirements Properties of spacecraft equipment (i.e thermal, mechanical, heat dissipation) a Thermal control design concept, functional description and justification The TCS detailed design description shall describe and justify the selected subsystem design concept NOTE a Detailed design description The TCS detailed design description shall provide a detailed design description of all thermal hardware, including: Thermal hardware definition and implementation constraints Control logic of active components Definition of material mechanical parts NOTE 60 This clause defines the thermal control concept based on functional requirements It justifies the selection of passive or active thermal control, the use of single-phase or two-phase cooling loops, location of insulation and thermal radiators, selection of heater and its control, selection and location of thermally active surfaces, etc properties, processes and specific As far as possible reference should be made to the subsystem DML, DMPL and DPL in order to avoid duplication of information Temperature monitoring and control BS EN 16603-31:2014 EN 16603-31:2014 (E) a Reliability and redundancy concept The TCS detailed design description shall present the verification that the subsystem meets the specified reliability requirement including used redundancy concepts, a b Thermal control subsystem operations The TCS detailed design description shall identify and describe any required operations of the subsystem in particular for the following mission phases: System start up at beginning of mission Nominal mode Survival mode Thermal transition and recovery modes The TCS detailed design description shall define and describe any operational measures for failure detection and correction a Thermal control subsystem budgets The TCS detailed design description shall list the subsystem budgets for mass, electrical power and telecommand / telemetry a ICDs of major components The TCS detailed design description shall include the ICDs of the major thermal control subsystem components NOTE F.2.2 As far as possible reference is made to the subsystem ICD (see Annex D) in order to avoid duplication of information Special remarks None 61 BS EN 16603-31:2014 EN 16603-31:2014 (E) Annex G (informative) Cryogenic temperature range In this informative annex references to specific definitions and requirements, which are applicable to the cryogenic temperature range and listed in the body text of the Standard, are summarized in Table G-1 This summary facilitates the overview of definitions and requirements for this temperature range NOTE Unless otherwise defined, all requirements in this Standard are applicable to the cryogenic temperature range Table G-1: Definitions and requirements for the cryogenic temperature range used in this Standard Clause reference 62 Domain of definition or requirement 3.2.3 Definitions for cryogenic temperature range 4.2.3 Requirements for cryogenic temperature range 4.5.2.2 Verification requirements for CCS BS EN 16603-31:2014 EN 16603-31:2014 (E) Annex H (informative) High temperature range In this informative annex references to specific definitions and requirements, which are applicable to the high temperature range and listed in the body text of the Standard, are summarized in Table H-1 This summary facilitates the overview of definitions and requirements for this temperature range NOTE Unless otherwise defined, all requirements in this Standard are applicable to the high temperature range Table H-1: Definitions and requirements for the high temperature range used in this Standard Clause reference Domain of definition or requirement 3.2.4 Definitions for high temperature range 3.2.4.14 Definition of thermal protection subsystem (TPS) 4.2.2 Requirements for high temperature range 4.5.2.3 Verification requirements for TPS 63 BS EN 16603-31:2014 EN 16603-31:2014 (E) Bibliography EN reference Reference in text Title EN 16601-00 ECSS-S-ST-00 ECSS system – Description, implementation and general requirements 64 This page deliberately left blank NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW British Standards Institution (BSI) BSI is the national body responsible for preparing British Standards and other standards-related publications, information and services BSI is incorporated by Royal Charter British Standards and other standardization products are published by BSI Standards Limited About us Revisions We bring together business, industry, government, consumers, innovators and others to shape their combined experience and expertise into standards 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