Bsi bs en 14961 5 2011

BS EN 14961-5:2011 BSI Standards Publication Solid biofuels — Fuel specifications and classes Part 5: Firewood for non-industrial use BS EN 14961-5:2011 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 14961-5:2011 The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PTI/17, Solid biofuels A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application © BSI 2011 ISBN 978 580 71116 ICS 75.160.10 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2011 Amendments issued since publication Date Text affected BS EN 14961-5:2011 EN 14961-5 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM March 2011 ICS 75.160.10 English Version Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 5: Firewood for non-industrial use Biocombustibles solides - Classes et spécifications des combustibles - Partie 5: Bois de chauffage usage non industriel Feste Biobrennstoffe - Brennstoffspezifikationen und -klassen - Teil 5: Stückholz für nichtindustrielle Verwendung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 January 2011 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels © 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members Ref No EN 14961-5:2011: E BS EN 14961-5:2011 EN 14961-5:2011 (E) Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction 4 Scope 5 Normative references 5 Terms and definitions 5 Symbols and abbreviations 6 Specification of firewood for non-industrial use 6 Annex A (informative) Comparison of moisture content as received and dry basis 9 Annex B (informative) Comparison of different cubic meters 11 Bibliography 12 BS EN 14961-5:2011 EN 14961-5:2011 (E) Foreword This document (EN 14961-5:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SIS This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2011 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights The European standard series EN 14961 Solid biofuels  Fuel specifications and classes are provided as general requirements and additional product standards Additional product standards may extend this series over time EN 14961 consists of the following parts, under the general title Solid biofuels  Fuel specifications and classes:  Part 1: General requirements;  Part 2: Wood pellets for non-industrial use;  Part 3: Wood briquettes for non-industrial use;  Part 4: Wood chips for non-industrial use;  Part 5: Firewood for non-industrial use;  Part 6: Non woody pellets for non-industrial use (under development) Although these product standards may be obtained separately, they require a general understanding of the standards based on and supporting EN 14961-1 It is recommended to obtain and use EN 14961-1 in conjunction with these standards NOTE In these product standards, non-industrial use means fuel intended to be used in small-scale appliances, such as in households and small commercial and public sector buildings According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom BS EN 14961-5:2011 EN 14961-5:2011 (E) Introduction This European Standard for "Fuel Specifications and Classes  Part Firewood for non-industrial use" has been produced by CEN/TC 335 Solid Biofuels Working group "Fuel Specifications, Classes and Quality Assurance" The objective of this European Standard is to provide unambiguous and clear classification principles for solid biofuels, to serve as a tool to enable efficient trading of biofuels and to enable good understanding between seller and buyer as well as a tool for communication with equipment manufacturers It will also facilitate authority permission procedures and reporting This European Standard is made to support the use of firewood in non-industrial situations and specifically for the domestic/householder market and smaller commercial boiler situations, where sensitivity to the fuel quality can cause major issues These consumers need special consideration for the following reasons: • small-scale equipment does not usually have advanced controls and flue gas cleaning; • it is not generally managed by professional heating engineers; • they are often located in living and populated districts NOTE Firewood produced according to this European Standard can be used in stoves, fireplaces, cookers, roomheaters and multifired sauna stoves, which are tested according to EN 13229, EN 12815, EN 12809, EN 13240, EN 15250 and EN 15821, and boilers systems tested according to EN 303-5 (< 500 kW th) BS EN 14961-5:2011 EN 14961-5:2011 (E) Scope This European standard determines the fuel quality classes and specifications for firewood for non-industrial use This European standard covers only firewood produced from the following raw material (see EN 14961-1:2010, Table 1): • 1.1.1 Whole trees without roots; • 1.1.3 Stem wood; • 1.1.4 Logging residues (thick branches, tops, etc.) • 1.2.1 Chemically untreated wood residues; NOTE For the avoidance of doubt, demolition wood is not included in the scope of this European Standard Demolition wood is “used wood arising from demolition of buildings or civil engineering installations” (EN 14588:2010, 4.52) Normative references The following referenced document is indispensable for the application of this document For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies EN 14588:2010, Solid biofuels  Terminology, definitions and descriptions EN 14774-1, Solid biofuels  Determination of moisture content  Oven dry method  Part 1: Total moisture  Reference method EN 14774-2, Solid biofuels  Determination of moisture content  Oven dry method  Part 2: Total moisture  Simplified method EN 14961-1:2010, Solid biofuels  Fuel specification and classes  Part 1: General requirements Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14588:2010 and the following apply 3.1 firewood cut and split oven-ready fuelwood used in household wood burning appliances like stoves, fireplaces and central heating systems NOTE Firewood usually has a uniform length, typically in the range of 15 cm to 100 cm BS EN 14961-5:2011 EN 14961-5:2011 (E) Symbols and abbreviations The symbols and abbreviations used in this European Standard comply with the SI system of units as far as possible d dry (dry basis) ar as received w-% weight-percentage D designation for diameter (D) as received [mm] 1) E designation for energy density as received, Ear [MJ/m or kWh/m loose or stacked volume or 1) kWh/kg] L designation for length (L) as received [cm] M designation for moisture content as received on wet basis, Mar [w-%] U designation for moisture content in dry basis (Ud),[w-%] NOTE kg/dm 1) 1) 1) MJ/kg equals to 0,277 kWh/kg (1 kWh/kg equals to MWh/t and MWh/t is 3,6 MJ/kg) g/cm equals Specification of firewood for non-industrial use Specification of the firewood is stated in accordance with Table The determination of the properties shall be carried out in accordance with the methods mentioned in the normative references The threshold values for ash, N, S, Cl and minor elements are not required as firewood is produced from virgin material which has been grown on uncontaminated land and therefore the likely hood of contamination is very low Firewood specified according to classes A1 and A2 are suitable to be used in stoves and fireplaces and class B in log wood boilers Key D maximum diameter L maximum length Figure  Dimensions of firewood 1) Designation symbols are used in combination with a number to specify property levels in Table BS EN 14961-5:2011 EN 14961-5:2011 (E) How to state the dimensions of firewood is expressed in Figure If the properties being specified are sufficiently known through information about the origin and handling (or preparation method combined with experience), then analysis may not be needed NOTE Firewood amounts are given in cubic metres or in kilograms A cubic metre of stacked wood means a stack of wood that occupies a space of one cubic metre A cubic metre of loose wood is equal to a box one cubic metre in size into which the split logs are “thrown” This is also referred to as an “unstacked cubic metre” Naturally, the conversion rates between the volumes will be affected by the size of the logs and how they are arranged Comparison of different cubic meters is shown in informative Annex B To minimise resources needed, one of the measures in the following order is recommended: a) Using typical values, e.g laid down in Annex B of EN 14961-1:2010, or obtained by experience; b) Calculation of properties, e.g by using typical values and considering documented specific values; c) Carrying out of analysis: 1) With simplified methods if available, 2) With reference methods The responsibility of the producer or supplier to provide correct and accurate information is exactly the same whether laboratory analysis is performed or not Typical values not release the producer or supplier from providing accurate and reliable information Chemical treatment before the harvesting of biomass does not need to be stated Where any operator in the fuel supply chain has reason to suspects serious contamination of land (e.g coal slag heaps) or if planting has been used specifically for the sequestration of chemicals or biomass is fertilized by sewage sludge (issued from waste water treatment or chemical process), fuel analysis should be carried out to identify chemical impurities such as halogenated organic compounds or heavy metals Decay means a lost of mass and energy Damage of insects, almost in sap-wood, and mould is considered to be no lost of mass or energy Mould can result on the surface of wood The amount of mould depends on the conditions of drying or storing or ambient climate Discolouration can result by chemical reactions between FeIons and tannins (e.g white oak) or by air and kiln drying The quality shall be given either in the product declaration (prEN 15234-5) or by a corresponding label in the package BS EN 14961-5:2011 EN 14961-5:2011 (E) Table  Specification of oven-ready firewood for non-industrial use Property class/Analysis method Units Origin and source EN 14961-1 1.1.3 Stemwood 1.2.1 Chemically untreated wood residues Wood species B A2 1.1.1 Whole trees without roots 1.1.3 Stemwood 1.1.4 Logging residues 1.1.1 Whole trees without roots 1.1.3 Stemwood 1.1.4 Logging residues To be stated To be stated cm D2 D5 D10 D15 D15+