BS EN 15316-4-1:2017 BSI Standards Publication Energy performance of buildings Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies Part 4-1: Space heating and DHW generation systems, combustion systems (boilers, biomass), Module M3-8-1, M8-8-1 BS EN 15316‑4‑1:2017 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 15316-4-1:2017 It supersedes BS EN 15316-3-3:2007, BS EN 15316-4-7:2008 and BS EN 15316-4-1:2008, which are withdrawn The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RHE/24, Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application © The British Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017 ISBN 978 580 87746 ICS 91.140.10; 91.140.65 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2017 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected BS EN 15316‑4‑1:2017 EN 15316-4-1 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM May 2017 ICS 91.140.10; 91.140.65 Supersedes EN 15316-3-3:2007, EN 15316-4-1:2008, EN 15316-4-7:2008 English Version Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies Part 4-1: Space heating and DHW generation systems, combustion systems (boilers, biomass), Module M3-8-1, M8-8-1 Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Méthode de calcul des besoins énergétiques et des rendements des systèmes - Partie 4-1 : Systèmes de génération de chauffage des locaux et production d'eau chaude sanitaire, systèmes de combustion (chaudières, biomasse), Module M3-8-1, M8-8-1 Energetische Bewertung von Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung der Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen - Teil 4-1: Wärmeerzeugung für die Raumheizung und Trinkwassererwärmung, Verbrennungssysteme (Heizungskessel, Biomasse), Modul M3-8-1, M8-8-1 This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 February 2017 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION C O M I TÉ E URO P É E N D E N O RM ALI S ATI O N E U RO P ÄI S C H E S KO M I T E E F Ü R N O RM U N G CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels © 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members Ref No EN 15316-4-1:2017 E BS EN 15316‑4‑1:2017 EN 15316-4-1:2017 (E) Contents Page European foreword Introduction Scope Normative references Terms and definitions 4.1 4.2 Symbols and abbreviations 10 Symbols 10 Abbreviations and indices 11 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.5.1 Description of the method 11 Output of the method 11 General description of the method 12 Input data 13 Boundaries between distribution and generation sub-system 15 Default values 16 Default values for generator efficiency at full load and intermediate load as a function of the generator power output 16 5.5.2 Default value for the stand-by heat losses f gen;ls;P0 as a function of the generator power output 16 5.5.3 Auxiliary energy 16 5.6 Product values 17 5.7 Measured values 17 5.7.1 Boiler efficiencies from measured values 17 5.7.2 Measured total thermal losses, power input and calculated gains 17 5.7.3 Additional default data and calculation for condensing boilers 18 5.7.4 Thermal losses through the chimney with the burner on at full load fch;on 19 5.7.5 Thermal losses through the generator envelope fgen;env 19 5.7.6 Thermal losses through the chimney with the burner off fch;off 20 5.8 Boiler rated output 20 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.5.1 6.5.2 6.5.3 6.5.4 6.5.5 6.5.6 6.6 6.6.1 6.6.2 6.6.3 6.7 Generation sub-system basic energy balance 20 Heat balance 20 Expenditure factor 20 Equation fuel heat input 21 Generator auxiliary energy 21 Generator losses 21 Generator loss 21 Ge nerator thermal loss at specific load ratio βH;gen and power output Px 21 Generator thermal loss calculation at full load 22 Generator thermal loss calculation at intermediate load 22 Generator thermal loss calculation at % load 23 Correction factor by additional tests 23 Recoverable thermal losses 23 general 23 Generator thermal losses through the jacket (generator envelope) 23 Recoverable thermal losses out of auxiliary energy 23 Recovered auxiliary energy 24 BS EN 15316‑4‑1:2017 EN 15316-4-1:2017 (E) 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11 6.11.1 6.11.2 6.11.3 6.12 Auxiliary energy 24 Generator thermal output 24 Heating time and load factor 25 Direct heated DHW heaters 25 Instantaneous electrical water heater 25 Gas-fired domestic storage water heaters 26 Boundary conditions for the default values 26 Method for domestic hot water appliance, tested with 24 h tapping cycles 27 Annex A (informative) Additional formulas and default values for parametering the boiler efficiency method 29 A.1 Information on the method 29 A.1.1 Generator efficiencies and stand-by losses 29 A.1.2 Auxiliary energy 33 A.1.3 Recoverable generation thermal losses and boiler location 34 A.2 Conversion of the energy content of energy carriers 34 A.3 Deviation from default values 35 A.4 Fuel constants for flue gas measurement depending on Siegert constants 35 A.5 Default values for calculation of thermal losses through the chimney with the burner off 37 A.6 Additional default data and calculation for condensing boilers 38 A.7 Additional default data for generator output and losses 39 A.8 Additional default data and calculation for water heaters 39 Annex B (informative) Additional formulas and default values for parametering the boiler efficiency method 40 B.1 Information on the method 40 B.1.1 Generator efficiencies and stand-by losses 40 B.1.2 Auxiliary energy 44 B.1.3 Recoverable generation thermal losses and boiler location 46 B.2 Conversion of the energy content of energy carriers 46 B.3 Deviation from default values 47 B.4 Fuel constants for flue gas measurement depending on Siegert constants 47 B.5 Default values for calculation of thermal losses through the chimney with the burner off 49 B.6 Additional default data and calculation for condensing boilers 50 B.7 Additional default data for generator output and losses 51 B.8 Additional default data and calculation for water heaters 51 Annex C (informative) General part default values and information 53 Bibliography 54 BS EN 15316‑4‑1:2017 EN 15316-4-1:2017 (E) European foreword This document (EN 15316-4-1:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 228 “Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2017 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association This document supersedes EN 15316-3-3:2007, EN 15316-4-1:2008, EN 15316-4-7:2008 In case this standard is used in the context of national or regional legal requirements, mandatory choices may be given at national or regional level for such specific applications, in particular for the application within the context of EU Directives transposed into national legal requirements Further target groups are users of the voluntary common European Union certification scheme for the energy performance of non-residential buildings (EPBD art.11.9) and any other regional (e.g Pan European) parties wanting to motivate their assumptions by classifying the building energy performance for a dedicated building stock The main changes compared to EN 15316-3-3:2007, EN 15316-4-1:2008 and EN 15316-4-7:2008 are: a) the typology method was removed; b) the boiler cycling method has been added for existing boilers to get the input parameters for the case specific boiler efficiency method According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom BS EN 15316‑4‑1:2017 EN 15316-4-1:2017 (E) Introduction This European Standard is part of a series of standards aiming at international harmonization of the methodology for the assessment of the energy performance of buildings, called “EPB set of standards” EPB standards deal with energy performance calculation and other related aspects (like system sizing) to provide the building services considered in the EPBD directive CEN/TC 228 deals with heating systems in buildings Subjects covered by CEN/TC 228 are: — energy performance calculation for heating systems; — inspection of heating systems; — design of heating systems; — installation and commissioning of heating systems This standard is intended to replace EN 15316-3-3:2007, EN 15316-4-1:2008 and EN 15316-4-7:2008 and includes biomass boilers (former EN 15316-4-7:2008) This revision was required as a result of the EPBD recast (2010/31/EU) The set of standards developed under mandate M/343 will be revised to become consistent with the overarching standard under mandate M/480 Other generation systems are covered in other sub modules of part M3-8 (see Table 1) All EPB standards follow specific rules to ensure overall consistency, unambiguity and transparency All EPB standards provide a certain flexibility with regard to the methods, the required input data and references to other EPB standards, by the introduction of a normative template in Annex A and Annex B with informative default choices For the correct use of this standard, a normative template is given in Annex A to specify these choices Informative default choices are provided in Annex B The main target group of this standard are all the users of the set of EPB standards (e.g architects, engineers, regulators) Use by or for regulators: In case the standard is used in the context of national or regional legal requirements, mandatory choices may be given at national or regional level for such specific applications, in particular for the application within the context of EU Directives transposed into national legal requirements These choices (either the informative default choices from Annex B or choices adapted to national/regional needs), but in any case following the template of this Annex A) can be made available as National Annex or as separate (e.g legal) document NOTE So in this case: — the regulators will specify the choices; — the individual user will apply the standard to assess the energy performance of a building, and thereby use the choices made by the regulators Topics addressed in this standard can be subject to public regulation Public regulation on the same topics can, for certain applications, override the default values in Annex B of this standard Public regulation on the same topics can even, for certain applications override the use of this standard Legal requirements and choices are in general not published in standards but in legal documents In order to avoid double publications and difficult updating of double documents, the National Annex may refer to the legal texts where national choices have been made by public authorities BS EN 15316‑4‑1:2017 EN 15316-4-1:2017 (E) It is expected, if the default values and choices in Annex B are not followed due to national regulations, policy or traditions, that: — national or regional authorities prepare data sheets containing the choices and national or regional values, according to the model in Annex A In this case the National Annex (e.g NA) refers to this text; — or, by default, the national standards body will consider the possibility to add or include a National Annex in agreement with the template of Annex A, in accordance to the legal documents that give national or regional values and choices Further target groups are users of the voluntary common European Union certification scheme for the energy performance of non-residential buildings (EPBD art.11.9) and any other Pan EU parties wanting to motivate their assumptions by classifying the building energy performance for a dedicated building stock More information is provided in the Technical Report accompanying this standard (CEN/TR 15316-64) BS EN 15316‑4‑1:2017 EN 15316-4-1:2017 (E) Scope This European Standard is part of a series of standards on the method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies of space heating systems and domestic hot water systems This standard (EN 15316-4-1) specifies: — required inputs; — a calculation method; — resulting outputs; — a method to take into account the energy performance of heat generation devices based on fuel combustion; for space heating generation by combustion sub-systems (boilers, biomass), including control This standard specifies methods for the calculation of: — thermal losses from the heating and the domestic hot water generation system; — recoverable thermal losses for space heating from the heating and the domestic hot water generation system; — auxiliary energy of the heating and the domestic hot water generation systems This standard specifies the energy performance calculation of water based heat generation sub-systems including control based on combustion of fuels (“boilers”), operating with conventional fossil fuels as well as renewable fuels This standard does not cover sizing or inspection of boilers This standard is also applicable to heat generators for heating or for combined service as domestic hot water, ventilation, cooling and heating Generators for domestic hot water only are taken into account into part M8-8 This European Standard is the general standard on generation by combustion sub-systems (boilers, biomass) and is also intended for generation for domestic hot water production and/or space heating These values are input data for calculation of the overall energy use according to EN ISO 52000-1 and EN 15316-1 Table shows the relative position of this standard within the set of EPB standards in the context of the modular structure as set out in EN ISO 52000-1 NOTE In CEN ISO/TR 52000-2 the same table can be found, with, for each module, the numbers of the relevant EPB standards and accompanying technical reports that are published or in preparation NOTE The modules represent EPB standards, although one EPB standard may cover more than one module and one module may be covered by more than one EPB standard, for instance a simplified and a detailed method respectively See also Clause and Tables A.1 and B.1 BS EN 15316‑4‑1:2017 EN 15316-4-1:2017 (E) Table — Position of EN 15316–4-1 within the modular structure Building M1 General sub1 M2 sub1 General General Needs M3 M4 15316–1 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 production Electricity control automation and Building Lighting water Domestic Hot Dehumidification Humidification Cooling Heating Descriptions Descriptions Descriptions sub1 Technical Building Systems (as such) Ventilation Overarching M11 15316–1 Common terms and definitions; symbols, units Building Energy Needs 12831–3 ? and subscripts (Free) Indoor 3 Applications Conditions without Systems Ways to Express Ways to Express Energy Performance Energy Maximum Load and Power 12831–1 12831–3 15316–1 15316–1 Ways to Express Performance Energy Performance Building Functions and Building Heat Transfer by Transmission Emission and control 15316–2 15316–2 15316–3 15316–3 Boundaries Building Heat Transfer by Occupancy and Operating Infiltration and Ventilation Conditions Distribution and control 15316–3 Aggregation of Energy Services and Energy Internal Heat Gains Storage and control 15316–5 15316–5 15316–4-3 Carriers Building Partitioning Solar Heat Gains 8–1 8–2 8–3 8–4 8–5 8–6 8–7 8–8 Calculated 10 Building Energy (thermal mass) Measured Measured 10 Energy Performance 11 12 Inspection Ways to Express Indoor Comfort Environment Conditions 14 Economic Calculation Energy 15459–1 Combustion boilers Heat pumps 15316–4- 15316–4-1 15316–4- 15316–42 Thermal solar 15316–4Photovoltaics On-site cogeneration 15316–44 District heating 15316–4- 15316–4and cooling Direct electrical 15316–4heater 15316–4-2 15316–4-3 15316–4-3 15316–4-4 15316–4-4 15316–4-5 15316–4-5 15316–4-6 Wind turbines 15316–4- 10 Radiant heating, 15316–4stoves Load dispatching and operating conditions Measured 10 Performance External 13 Dynamics Performance Generation Energy 15378–3 15378–3 15378–1 15378–1 Performance 11 Inspection 11 Inspection 12 – 12 BMS BS EN 15316‑4‑1:2017 EN 15316-4-1:2017 (E) Table B.4 — Default values for full load correction factor fcorr;Pn Boiler average water temperature at boiler test conditions for full load Generator type Correction factor ϑgen;test;Pn fcorr;Pn Solid fuel boiler (fossil and biomass fuel) Standard boiler 70 °C 0,0 %/°C Oil/gas boiler Standard boiler 70 °C 0,0 %/°C Low temperature boiler 70 °C 0,04 %/°C Gas condensing boiler 70 °C 0,20 %/°C Oil Condensing boiler 70 °C 0,04 %/°C Table B.5 — Intermediate load correction factor fcorr;Pin Generator average water temperature at boiler test conditions for intermediate load Generator type Correction factor fcorr;Pint ϑgen;test;Pint Solid fuel boiler (fossil and biomass fuel) Standard boiler 70 °C 0,04 %/°C Oil/gas boiler Standard boiler 50 °C 0,04 %/°C Low temperature boiler 40 °C 0,04 %/°C Gas condensing boiler 30 °C a 0,20 %/°C Oil Condensing boiler 30 °C a 0,10 %/°C a Return temperature For a condensing boiler, testing is not made with a defined generator average water temperature (average of the supply and return temperature), but with a return temperature of 30 °C The efficiency corresponding to this return temperature can be applied for the generator average water temperature of 35 °C B.1.2 Auxiliary energy Table B.6 — Parameters for calculation of power consumption of auxiliary equipment boiler type load c7 c8 n W W Pn 45 0,48 Pint 15 0,48 P0 15 0 since 1994 heating boiler with forced draught burner a (fossil and biomass fuel) 44 BS EN 15316‑4‑1:2017 EN 15316-4-1:2017 (E) boiler type load atmospheric gas boiler and solid fuel boiler (fossil and biomass fuel) up to 250 kW atmospheric gas boiler with more than 250 kW automatically-fed pellet central boiler a, system with buffer tank automatically-fed wood chips central boiler a, system with buffer tank c7 c8 n W W Pn 40 0,35 Pint 20 0,1 P0 15 0 Pn 80 0,7 Pint 40 0,2 P0 15 0 Pn 40 Pint 40 1,8 P0 15 0 Pn 60 2,6 Pint 70 2,2 P0 15 0 all other boilers Generator type: standard boiler multi fuel boiler Solid fuel boiler (fossil and biomass fuel) atmospheric gas boiler heating boiler with forced draught burner (oil/gas) Pn 45 0,48 Pint 15 0,48 P0 20b 0 Pn 15 b 0 Pint 15 b 0 P0 15 b 0 Pn 40 0,148 Pint 40 0,148 P0 15 b 0 Pn 45 0,48 Pint 15 0,48 P0 15 b 0 Generator type: low temperature boiler atmospheric gas boiler Pn 40 0,148 Pint 40 0,148 P0 15 b 0 45 BS EN 15316‑4‑1:2017 EN 15316-4-1:2017 (E) boiler type load Circulation water heaters c7 c8 W W Pn 45 0,48 Pint 15 0,48 P0 15 b 0 Pn 45 0,48 15 0,48 15 b 0 heating boiler with forced Pint draught burner (oil/gas) P0 n Generator type: condensing boiler (oil/gas) condensing (oil/gas) boiler Pn 45 0,48 Pint 15 0,48 P0 15 b 0 If there is a forced draught ventilator assisting the burner than the values P aux, P n; P aux, P int increase by 40 % b If an electronic controller is used, otherwise P aux, P = a B.1.3 Recoverable generation thermal losses and boiler location The part of stand-by heat losses attributed to heat losses through the generator envelope is given by fgen;env Default values of fgen;env are given in Table A.7 Table B.7 — Part of stand-by heat losses attributed to losses through the generator envelope Burner type fgen;env Atmospheric boiler 0,50 Fan assisted boiler 0,75 Table B.8 — Temperature reduction factor and default installation room temperature Temperature reduction factor fbrm - Installation room temperature ϑbrm °C θe In the boiler room 0,3 13 Under roof 0,2 Inside heated space 0,0 20 Generator location Outdoors boiler) (for room independent Default value of the part of the auxiliary energy transmitted to the distribution sub-system faux;rvd is 0,75 B.2 Conversion of the energy content of energy carriers Factors for converting the energy content of energy carriers are specified in Table B.9 46 BS EN 15316‑4‑1:2017 EN 15316-4-1:2017 (E) Table B.9 — Conversion factors, as a function of energy carriers Ratio of gross calorific value to net calorific value Hs /Hi Energy carrier Conversion factor for delivered energy) f Hs/Hi Fuels Area/district heating by CHP a Area/district heating by heating power plants Electricity Fuel oil 1,06 Natural gas 1,11 Liquid petroleum gas 1,09 Anthracite coal 1,04 Lignite coal 1,07 Wood 1,08 Fossil fuels 1,00 Renewable fuels 1,00 Fossil fuels 1,00 Renewable fuels 1,00 Electrical power source mix 1,00 These values are typical for average area heating/district heating systems with a 70 % contribution by CHP plants a B.3 Deviation from default values The above values need not to be used if the real net and gross calorific values of fuels are known The factor fHs/Hi is then the ratio of gross calorific value to net calorific value B.4 Fuel constants for flue gas measurement depending on Siegert constants Table B.10 — Fuel constants for flue gas measurement depending on Siegert constants Table B.10a — fuel constant for natural fuel Fuel constant natural gas LPG light oil EL heavy fuel oil town gas c10 0,66 0,63 0,68 0,68 0,63 c11 0,009 0,008 0,007 0,007 0,011 Table B.10b — fuel constant for black coal moisture content 0% 5% 10 % 15 % 20 % c10 0,6901 0,6932 0,6967 0,7006 0,7050 c11 0,0054 0,0057 0,0061 0,0065 0,0069 47 BS EN 15316‑4‑1:2017 EN 15316-4-1:2017 (E) Table B.10c — fuel constant for brown coal moisture content 0% 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % c 10 0,6717 0,6809 0,6838 0,7070 0,7281 c 11 0,0073 0,0084 0,0097 0,0115 0,0140 Table B.10d — fuel constant for biomass moisture content 0% 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 50 % c 10 0,6572 0,6682 0,6824 0,7017 0,7290 0,0771 c 11 0,0083 0,0107 0,0125 0,0149 0,0183 0,0235 If there are no information about moisture content of the used combustible material than the following factors have to be used Table B.10e — calculation factors for commercially available combustible materials moisture content c 10 c 11 split logs 15 % 0,6753 0,0116 wood pellets 8% 0,6660 0,0102 wood chips, dry 25 % 0,6921 0,0137 wood chips, moist 40 % 0,7290 0,0183 brown coal 20 % 0,6936 0,0097 black coal/ koks 5% 0,6932 0,0057 combustible material 48 BS EN 15316‑4‑1:2017 EN 15316-4-1:2017 (E) Key Y α in Wh/(m K) X ϑenv in °C Figure B.1 — heat transfer coefficient a for radiation and convection at horizontal and vertical area at ambient temperature ϑ brm = 20 °C depending on the average envelop temperature ϑ env B.5 Default values for calculation of thermal losses through the chimney with the burner off Default values for fch;off see Table B.11 Table B.11 — Default value of fch;off Description fch;off % Biomass, liquid fuel or gas fired boiler with the fan before the combustion chamber and automatic closure of air intake with burner off: Premixed burners 0,2 0,2 Wall mounted, gas fired boiler with fan and wall flue gas exhaust 0,4 Biomass, liquid fuel or gas fired boiler with the fan before the combustion chamber and no closure of air intake with burner off: Chimney height ≤ 10 m Chimney height > 10 m 1,0 1,2 49 BS EN 15316‑4‑1:2017 EN 15316-4-1:2017 (E) B.6 Additional default data and calculation for condensing boilers The specifications of the gas volumes based on ISO 8778 Saturation humidity as a function of temperature according to Table B.12 Table B.12 — Saturation humidity as a function of temperature at 1,01325 bar and °C Temperature °C (ϑair or ϑfg) Saturation humidity m H2O; air;sat or m 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 kg/m dry 0,00493 0,00986 0,01912 0,03521 0,06331 0,1112 0,1975 0,3596 H2O;fg;sat NOTE Saturation humidity is expressed as kg of water vapour per m of dry gas (either air or flue gas) Default fuel data for condensation heat recovery calculation according to Table B.13 Table B.13 — Default fuel data for condensation heat recovery calculation at 1,01325 bar and °C Table B.13a — Natural gas, propane, butane, light oil EL Fuel Natural gas a Property Symbol Unit (H) (L) Unit mass of fuel Butane b m3 kWh/kg Gross calorific value Propane b Hs 11,32 10,05 or 28,11 Light oil EL kg 37,21 kWh/m 12,60 kWh/kg kWh/m Net calorific value kWh/kg Hi 10,22 9,07 or 25,88 34,36 kWh/m 11,89 kJWh/kg kWh/m Stoichiometric dry air Stoichiometric dry flue gas Stoichiometric water production Vair;st;dry m /kg or m /m 9,79 Vfg;st;dry m /kg or m /m 8,80 m H2O; st kg/kg 1,47 8,69 24,36 m /m or 7,92 22,30 1,30 2,94 kg/m kg/m yearly average values of gas grid out of “open-grid-europe” b TRF 2012 11,23 m /kg 29,68 m /m a 50 32,08 10,49 m /kg 3,75 1,18 kg/kg BS EN 15316‑4‑1:2017 EN 15316-4-1:2017 (E) Table B.13b — Pellets, woodchips, logs Property Fuel Unit Symbol Unit mass of fuel Gross value calorific Net calorific value (waterless fuel) Stoichiometric dry air kJ/kg Hs kJ/kg Hi m /kg Vair;st;dry pellets woodchips logs kg kg kg 19,660 20,380 18,850 18,360 19,080 17,280 4,59 4,8 4,32 kg Default values for the calculation of Qcond see Table B.14 Table B.14 — Default values for the calculation of Qcond Description Symbol Unit Case Value Combustion air relative humidity xair % All cases 50 Flue gas relative humidity xfg % All cases 100 XO2;fg;dry - All cases Flue gas oxygen contents at maximum combustion power B.7 Additional default data for generator output and losses Table B.15 — Default values for additional factor fadd New system fadd = 1,1 Existing system fadd = 1,5 Table B.16 — Default values for control factor fctr;ls Boiler type Control type Floor standing boiler Wall hanged boiler fctr;ls Outdoor temperature controlled 1,00 Outdoor temperature controlled 1,03 Room temperature controlled 1,06 B.8 Additional default data and calculation for water heaters Table B.17 — Default values for Instantaneous electrical water heater Description Symbol Unit Value Before 1980 ftr;ls - 1,1 Since 1980 ftr;ls - 1,0 51 BS EN 15316‑4‑1:2017 EN 15316-4-1:2017 (E) Default values for gas-fired domestic storage water heaters are: ηs is the storage tank efficiency (vertical storage tanks = 0,95, horizontal storage tanks = 0,9); q B;S = (2, + 0, 033 ⋅ V ) If the stand-by thermal loss q B,S of the gas-fired domestic storage water heaters is not known (i.e has not been measured in accordance with EN 89), it can be approximated using Formula (16) in order to calculate the thermal losses due to storage (this corresponds to 80 % of the minimum requirement from EN 89 which specifies a volume-related nominal heat input of 0,07 kW per litre storage volume): ,1 (B.1) where qB,S V is the daily stand-by thermal loss, in kWh; is the nominal storage capacity, in l For older appliances the following values shall be used: before 1985 use Formula (B.2) q B;S = 1, ⋅ (2, + 0, 033 ⋅ V ) ,1 (B.2) Here it is assumed that the nominal capacity of a storage tank may be a maximum of 500 l If a nominal capacity in excess of 500 l is required, this shall be made up of a number of storage tanks In this case the losses of the individual storage tanks are to be added together 52 BS EN 15316‑4‑1:2017 EN 15316-4-1:2017 (E) Annex C (informative) General part default values and information Boundary condition for DHW General boundary conditions according to Table C.1 Table C.1 — General boundary conditions Symbol Unit Value Average ambient temperature in the heated zone (if no values are determined from EN ISO 13790) ϑbrm °C 20 Average ambient temperature outside the heated zone (if no values are determined from EN ISO 13790) ϑbrm °C 13 Average temperature of the domestic hot water distribution pipe system without circulation, or with circulation switched off ϑWc;mn °C 25 x U -0,2 Average temperature of the domestic hot water distribution pipe system (with circulation or trace heating) ϑWc;mn °C 50 Average temperature of the domestic hot water storage with circulation a ϑWc;mn °C 50 Average temperature of the domestic hot water storage without circulation (especially using trace heating) a ϑWc,mn °C 45 Cold water inlet temperature ϑk °C 10 Temperature difference in the circulation loop Δ ϑz K Parameters The temperature ϑWc;mn is an average storage temperature The outlet temperature of the storage is greater than 60 °C a U is thermal transmission coefficient of the isolation of the distribution pipe 53 BS EN 15316‑4‑1:2017 EN 15316-4-1:2017 (E) Bibliography [1] EN 15316-1, Energy performance of buildings — Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies — Part 1: General and Energy performance expression, Module M3-1 , M3-4, M3-9, M8-1, M8-4 [2] EN 15316-2, Energy performance of buildings — Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies — Part 2: Space emission systems (heating and cooling), Module M3-5, M4-5 [3] EN 15316-3, Energy performance of buildings — Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies — Part 3: Space distribution systems (DHW, heating and cooling), Module M3-6, M4-6, M8-6 [4] CEN/TR 15316-6-4, Energy performance of buildings — Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies — Part 6-4: Explanation and justification of EN 15316-4-1, Module M3-8-1 , M8-8-1 [5] EN ISO 9488, Solar energy — Vocabulary (ISO 9488:1999) Test-Procedures [6] EN 267, Automatic forced draught burners for liquid fuels [7] EN 303-1, Heating boilers — Part 1: Heating boilers with forced draught burners — Terminology, general requirements, testing and marking [8] EN 303-2, Heating boilers — Part 2: Heating boilers with forced draught burners — Special requirements for boilers with atomizing oil burners [9] EN 303-3, Heating boilers — Part 3: Gas-fired central heating boilers — Assembly comprising a boiler body and a forced draught burner [10] EN 303-4, Heating boilers — Part 4: Heating boilers with forced draught burners — Special requirements for boilers with forced draught oil burners with outputs up to 70 kW and a maximum operating pressure of bar — Terminology, special requirements, testing and marking [11] EN 303-5, Heating boilers — Part 5: Heating boilers for solid fuels, manually and automatically stoked, nominal heat output of up to 500 kW — Terminology, requirements, testing and marking [12] EN 303-6, Heating boilers — Part 6: Heating boilers with forced draught burners — Specific requirements for the domestic hot water operation of combination boilers with atomizing oil burners of nominal heat input not exceeding 70 kW [13] EN 303-7, Heating boilers — Part 7: Gas-fired central heating boilers equipped with a forced draught burner of nominal heat output not exceeding 000 kW [14] EN 304, Heating boilers — Test code for heating boilers for atomizing oil burners [15] EN 15502-2-1, Gas-fired central heating boilers — Part 2-1: Specific standard for type C appliances and type B2, B3 and B5 appliances of a nominal heat input not exceeding 000 kW 54 BS EN 15316‑4‑1:2017 EN 15316-4-1:2017 (E) [16] EN 15034:2006, Heating boilers — Condensing heating boilers for fuel oil [17] EN 15035, Heating boilers — Special requirements for oil fired room sealed units up to 70 kW [18] EN 15456, Heating boilers — Electrical power consumption for heat generators — System [19] [20] boundaries - Measurements EN 15502-2-2, Gas-fired central heating boilers — Part 2-2: Specific standard for type B1 appliances EN 13203-2, Gas-fired domestic appliances producing hot water — Part 2: Assessment of energy consumption 55 This page deliberately left blank This page deliberately left blank NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW British Standards Institution (BSI) BSI is the national body responsible for preparing British Standards and other standards-related publications, information and services BSI is incorporated by Royal Charter British Standards and other standardization products 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