Bsi bs en 15316 2 1 2007 (2008)

BRITISH STANDARD Heating systems in buildings — Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies — Part 2-1: Space heating emission systems ICS 91.140.10 12&23 10 m 29 Annex B (informative) Equivalent increase in internal temperature - adapted from the French regulation RT2005 31 B.1 General 31 B.2 Zones 31 B.3 Spatial variation of temperature due to stratification 31 B.4 Variation of temperature due to control 32 BS EN 15316-2-1:2007 EN 15316-2-1:2007 (E) Annex C (informative) Auxiliary energy 34 C.1 General 34 C.2 Large indoor space buildings (h > m) 35 Bibliography 38 BS EN 15316-2-1:2007 EN 15316-2-1:2007 (E) Foreword This document (EN 15316-2-1:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 228 “Heating systems in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by DS This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2008 This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association (Mandate M/343), and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2002/91/EC on the energy performance of buildings (EPBD) It forms part of a series of standards aimed at European harmonisation of the methodology for calculation of the energy performance of buildings An overview of the whole set of standards is given in prCEN/TR 15615 The subjects covered by CEN/TC 228 are the following:  design of heating systems (water based, electrical etc.);  installation of heating systems;  commissioning of heating systems;  instructions for operation, maintenance and use of heating systems;  methods for calculation of the design heat loss and heat loads;  methods for calculation of the energy performance of heating systems Heating systems also include the effect of attached systems such as hot water production systems All these standards are systems standards, i.e they are based on requirements addressed to the system as a whole and not dealing with requirements to the products within the system Where possible, reference is made to other European or International Standards, a.o product standards However, use of products complying with relevant product standards is no guarantee of compliance with the system requirements The requirements are mainly expressed as functional requirements, i.e requirements dealing with the function of the system and not specifying shape, material, dimensions or the like The guidelines describe ways to meet the requirements, but other ways to fulfil the functional requirements might be used if fulfilment can be proved Heating systems differ among the member countries due to climate, traditions and national regulations In some cases requirements are given as classes so national or individual needs may be accommodated In cases where the standards contradict with national regulations, the latter should be followed EN 15316 Heating systems in buildings — Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies consists of the following parts: Part 1: General BS EN 15316-2-1:2007 EN 15316-2-1:2007 (E) Part 2-1: Space heating emission systems Part 2-3: Space heating distribution systems Part 3-1: Domestic hot water systems, characterisation of needs (tapping requirements) Part 3-2: Domestic hot water systems, distribution Part 3-3: Domestic hot water systems, generation Part 4-1: Space heating generation systems, combustion systems (boilers) Part 4-2: Space heating generation systems, heat pump systems Part 4-3: Heat generation systems, thermal solar systems Part 4-4: Heat generation systems, building-integrated cogeneration systems Part 4-5: Space heating generation systems, the performance and quality of district heating and large volume systems Part 4-6: Heat generation systems, photovoltaic systems Part 4-7: Space heating generation systems, biomass combustion systems According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom BS EN 15316-2-1:2007 EN 15316-2-1:2007 (E) Introduction This European Standard constitutes the specific part related to space heating emission, of the set of prEN 15316 standards on methods for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies of space heating systems and domestic hot water systems in buildings This European Standard specifies the structure for calculation of the system energy losses and energy requirements of a heat emission system for meeting the building net energy demand The calculation method is used for the following applications:  calculation of the system energy losses of the heat emission system;  optimisation of the energy performance of a planned heat emission system, by applying the method to several possible options;  assessing the effect of possible energy conservation measures on an existing heat emission system, by calculation of the energy requirements with and without the energy conservation measure implemented The user needs to refer to other European Standards or to national documents for input data and detailed calculation procedures not provided by this European Standard BS EN 15316-2-1:2007 EN 15316-2-1:2007 (E) Scope The scope of this European Standard is to standardise the required inputs, the outputs and the links (structure) of the calculation method in order to achieve a common European calculation method The energy performance may be assessed either by values of the heat emission system efficiency or by values of the increased space temperatures due to heat emission system inefficiencies The method is based on an analysis of the following characteristics of a space heating emission system, including control:  non-uniform space temperature distribution;  heat emitters embedded in the building structure;  control accuracy of the indoor temperature The energy required by the emission system is calculated separately for thermal energy and electrical energy, in order to facilitate determination of the final energy and subsequently the corresponding primary energy according to other standards Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this standard For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies EN 12831, Heating systems in buildings — Method for calculation of the design heat load EN 15316-1, Heating systems in buildings — Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies — Part 1: General EN ISO 7345:1995, Thermal insulation — Physical quantities and definitions (ISO 7345:1987) EN ISO 13370, Thermal performance of buildings — Heat transfer via the ground — Calculation methods (ISO 13370:1998) EN ISO 13790, Thermal performance of buildings — Calculation of energy use for space heating (ISO 13790:2004) Terms and definitions, symbols and units 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 7345:1995 and the following apply 3.1.1 calculation period period of time over which the calculation is performed NOTE The calculation period can be divided into a number of calculation steps BS EN 15316-2-1:2007 EN 15316-2-1:2007 (E) 3.1.2 conditioned zone part of a conditioned space with a given set-point temperature or set-point temperatures, throughout which there is the same occupancy pattern and the internal temperature is assumed to have negligible spatial variations, and which is controlled by a single heating system, cooling system and/or ventilation system 3.1.3 energy use for space heating energy input to the heating system to satisfy the energy need for heating 3.1.4 delivered energy energy content, expressed per energy carrier, supplied to the technical building systems through the system boundary, to satisfy the uses taken into account (e.g heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water, lighting, appliances) or to produce electricity NOTE For active solar and wind energy systems, the incident solar radiation on solar panels or on solar collectors or the kinetic energy of wind is not part of the energy balance of the building It is decided on a national level whether or not renewable energy produced on site constitutes part of the delivered energy NOTE Delivered energy can be calculated for defined energy uses or it can be measured 3.1.5 energy need for heating heat to be delivered to a heated space to maintain the intended temperature during a given period of time NOTE The energy need is calculated and cannot easily be measured NOTE The energy need can include additional heat transfer resulting from non-uniform temperature distribution and non-ideal temperature control, if they are taken into account by increasing the effective temperature for heating and not included in the heat transfer due to the heating system 3.1.6 equivalent internal temperature constant minimum internal temperature, assumed for the calculation of the energy for heating, or maximum internal temperature, assumed for the calculation of the energy for cooling, leading approximately to the same average heat transfer as would apply with intermittent heating or cooling, and with inaccuracy of room temperature control 3.1.7 heated space room or enclosure which for the purposes of the calculation is assumed to be heated to a given set-point temperature or set-point temperatures 3.1.8 heating system thermal losses, emission heat losses through the building envelope due to non-uniform temperature distribution, control inefficiencies and losses of emitters embedded in the building structure 3.1.9 heating system thermal losses, total sum of the thermal losses from the heating system, including recoverable heat loss 3.1.10 primary energy energy that has not been subjected to any conversion or transformation process NOTE Primary energy includes non-renewable energy and renewable energy If both are taken into account, it can be called total primary energy BS EN 15316-2-1:2007 EN 15316-2-1:2007 (E) A.4 Efficiencies for electrical heating (room heights ≤4 m) In Table A.5 the efficiencies for electrical heating (room heights ≤4 m) are provided Table A.5 — Efficiencies for electrical heating (room heights ≤ m) Internal wall region External wall region Influence parameters Total efficiency ηem E- direct heating P-controller (1 K) 0,91 E- direct heating PI-controller (with optimisation) 0,94 Storage heating unregulated without external temperature dependent charging and static/dynamic discharging 0,78 Storage heating P-controller (1 K) with external temperature dependent charging and static/dynamic discharging 0,88 Storage heating PID-controller with optimisation with external temperature dependent charging and static and continuous dynamic discharging 0,91 E- direct heating P-controller (1 K) 0,88 E- direct heating PI-controller (with optimisation) 0,91 Storage heating unregulated without external temperature dependent charging and static/dynamic discharging 0,75 Storage heating P-controller (1 K) with external temperature dependent charging and static/dynamic discharging 0,85 Storage heating PID-controller with optimisation with external temperature dependent charging and static and continuous dynamic discharging 0,88 Factor for intermittent operation: fim = 0,97 (to be used for electrical heating systems with an integrated feedback control system) Factor for radiation effect: frad = 1,0 26 BS EN 15316-2-1:2007 EN 15316-2-1:2007 (E) A.5 Efficiencies air heating (non-domestic ventilation systems) (room heights ≤ m) In Table A.6 the efficiencies for air heating (non-domestic ventilation systems) (room heights ≤ m) are provided Table A.6 — Efficiencies for air heating (non-domestic ventilation systems) (room heights ≤ m) ηem System configuration Additional heating in the incoming air (additional heater) Recirculation air heating (induction equipment, ventilator convectors) Control parameter low quality of control high quality of control Room space temperature 0,82 0,87 Room space temperature (cascade control of incoming air temperature) 0,88 0,90 Exhaust air temperature 0,81 0,85 Room space temperature 0,89 0,93 NOTE The auxiliary energy for the recirculation air heating is to be taken from Table A.3 As values for ventilation systems with part heating function the data for domestic ventilation systems from DIN V 18599-6 can be used 27 BS EN 15316-2-1:2007 EN 15316-2-1:2007 (E) A.6 Efficiencies for room spaces with heights ≥4 m (large indoor space buildings) In Table A.7 the efficiencies for room spaces with heights from m to 10 m are provided Table A.7 — Efficiencies for room spaces with heights from m to 10 m Part efficiencies ηstr Influence parameters 4m ηctr 6m 8m 10 m Unregulated 0,80 Two-step controller 0,93 Room P-controller (2 K) space temp P-controller (1 K) regulation 0,93 0,95 PI-controller 0,97 PI-controller with optimisation 0,99 Radiators Heating Systems ηemb 0,98 0,94 0,88 0,83 0,98 0,94 0,88 0,83 0,99 0,96 0,91 0,87 0,99 0,97 0,94 0,91 0,99 0,98 0,96 0,93 Warm water panels 1,00 0,99 0,97 0,96 Radiant tube heaters 1,00 0,99 0,97 0,96 Luminous heaters 1,00 0,99 0,97 0,96 Floor heating (high heat protection level) 1,00 0,99 0,97 0,96 Warm air Outlet horizontal without additional vertical recirculation Outlet vertical Warm air Outlet horizontal with additional vertical recirculation Outlet vertical Floor heating component integrated 0,95 Floor heating thermally decoupled Warm air heating systems with increased induction ratio of air distribution: The parameters are determined by the arithmetic averaging of the parameters for the systems with air outlet horizontal or vertical With the use of warm water panels in room spaces with a height < m, the total efficiency ηem for a room height of m is used Furthermore the factor frad = The determination of the total efficiency ηem takes place in accordance with Equation (A.2) EXAMPLE Room height m, warm air heating with air outlet above, P-controller (1 K) ηstr = 0,91 ηctr = 0,95 ηemb = 28 BS EN 15316-2-1:2007 EN 15316-2-1:2007 (E) ηem = 1/(4 – (0,91 + 0,95 + 1)) = 0,88 Factor for radiation effect: frad = 0,85 for warm water panels, luminous heaters, radiant tube heaters and floor heating The energy parameters of the efficiencies of heating systems in large indoor spaces and the factor frad represent average values for the heating systems and types of products, which can also approximately be used for configurations that deviate from these A.7 Efficiencies for room spaces with heights > 10 m In Table A.8 the efficiencies for room heights > 10 m) are provided Table A.8 — Efficiencies for room spaces with heights > 10 m Part efficiencies ηstr Influence parameters 12 m 15 m ηctr 20 m Unregulated 0,80 Two-step controller 0,93 Room P-controller (2 K) space temp P-controller (1 K) regulation Heating Systems ηemb 0,93 0,95 PI-controller 0,97 PI-controller with optimisation 0,99 Warm air Outlet horizontal without additional vertical recirculation Outlet vertical Warm air Outlet horizontal with additional vertical recirculation Outlet vertical 0,78 0,72 0,63 0,84 0,78 0,71 0,88 0,84 0,77 0,91 0,88 0,83 Warm water panels 0,94 0,92 0,89 Radiant tube heaters 0,94 0,92 0,89 Luminous heaters 0,94 0,92 0,89 Floor heating (high heat protection level) 0,94 0,92 0,89 Floor heating component integrated Floor heating thermally decoupled 0,95 Warm air heating systems with increased induction ratio of air distribution: The parameters are determined by the arithmetic averaging of the parameters for the systems with air outlet horizontal or vertical The determination of the total efficiency ηem takes place in accordance with Equation (A.2) 29 BS EN 15316-2-1:2007 EN 15316-2-1:2007 (E) EXAMPLE Room height 12 m, dark radiators, P-controller (2 K) ηstr = 0,94 ηctr = 0,93 ηemb = ηem = 1/(4 – (0,94 + 0,93 + 1)) = 0,88 Factor for radiation effect: frad = 0,85 for warm water panels, luminous heaters, radiant tube heaters and floor heating The energy parameters of the efficiencies of heating systems in large indoor spaces and the factor frad represent average values for the heating systems and types of products, which can also approximately be used for configurations that deviate from these 30 BS EN 15316-2-1:2007 EN 15316-2-1:2007 (E) Annex B (informative) Equivalent increase in internal temperature adapted from the French regulation RT2005 B.1 General The internal temperature is increased by:  spatial variation due to the stratification, depending on the heat emitter(s);  variation depending on the capacity of the control device(s) to assure a uniform and constant temperature The equivalent internal temperature, θint,inc is calculated by: θint,inc = θint, ini + ∆θ str + ∆θ ctr (°C) (B.1) where θint,ini is the initial internal temperature (°C); ∆θstr is the spatial variation of temperature due to stratification (°C); ∆ θctr is the variation of temperature due to the control (°C) The increased internal temperature is used in the calculations instead of the initial internal temperature Remarks: The variation of temperature due to stratification and control may depend on the thermal load Tables B.2 and B.3 provide values for minimum and nominal thermal load B.2 Zones When the considerations according to 5.8 imply splitting of the heating system into zones, i.e groups of spaces, calculation of the internal temperature is done for each zone The internal temperature of a zone is obtained by considering the internal temperature of the associated spaces The coefficient of weighting is determined from the surface of each space B.3 Spatial variation of temperature due to stratification The spatial variation of temperature due to stratification depends on:  type of heat emitter;  ceiling height Table B.1 establishes the spatial variation classes according to the type of heat emitter and provides accompanying values for the spatial variation of temperature due to stratification at nominal load depending on the ceiling height 31 BS EN 15316-2-1:2007 EN 15316-2-1:2007 (E) Table B.2 provides additional information for radiators depending on the water temperature level and the thermal load Table B.1 — Spatial variation classes by type of heat emitter and corresponding spatial variation of temperature due to stratification at nominal load depending on ceiling height Spatial variation of temperature depending on ceiling height ∆ θstr (K) Class of spatial variation A Heat emitter Floor 8m 0 0 0,2 0,8 1,2 1,6 0,4 1,2 2,8 Air with air return < m Radiative emitters B Low temperature emitters Radiated ceiling panels Fan coils with discharge air at the bottom C Other emitters Table B.2 — Spatial variation of temperature due to stratification for radiators depending on water temperature and thermal load Reference internal temperature: 20 °C Spatial variation of temperature depending on thermal load ∆ θstr (K) Excess temperature Off Nominal load ∆T > 40 K 0,4 ∆T ≤ 40 K 0,2 For other thermal loads, the spatial variation of temperature is determined by linear interpolation B.4 Variation of temperature due to control The variation of temperature due to control depends on the heat emitter and the associated control system Table B.3 provides values for the variation of temperature due to control for different types of heat emitters depending on the thermal load, with reference to the applicable standards and relevant certifications 32 BS EN 15316-2-1:2007 EN 15316-2-1:2007 (E) Table B.3 — Variation of temperature due to control, depending on type of heat emitter and thermal load Variation of temperature due to control ∆ θctr (K) Heat emitter and accociated control Reference to standard off Nominal thermal load Direct electric emitter with built in controller EN 60675 0,4 0,9 EN 215 0,45*hysteresis 0,45*(hysteresis + water a temperature effect) prEN 15500 0,5 CA CA (defined in the standard and certified) 0,9 1,8 Thermostatic radiator valve Individual zone control equipment Other controller if emission can be totally stopped No control b a With values of hysteresis and water temperature effect from test report of thermostatic valve according to EN 215 b The control accuracy (CA) of the controller is obtained from prEN 15500 33 BS EN 15316-2-1:2007 EN 15316-2-1:2007 (E) Annex C (informative) Auxiliary energy C.1 General The auxiliary energy of the heat emission processes in the room space is given by: Wem,aux = Wctr + Wothers (C.1) where Wem,aux is the auxiliary energy (in the period), in kWh; Wctr is the auxiliary energy of the control system (in the period), in kWh; Wothers is the auxiliary energy of fans and additional pumps (in the period), in kWh The individual components Wctr and Wothers are to be determined from Equations (C.2) and (C.3), respectively: Wctr = Pctr ⋅ d ⋅ 24 Wothers = (C.2) 1000 (P fan ⋅ nfan + Ppmp ⋅ npmp )⋅ t h 1000 (C.3) where Pctr is the electrical rated power consumption of the control system with auxiliary energy (from Table C.1 or product data), in W; d is the number of days in the period; nfan is the number of ventilator/fan units; npmp is the number of additional pumps; th is the running time in the period, in h; Pfan is the electrical rated power consumption of the ventilators/fans (from Table C.2 or product data), in W; Ppmp is the electrical power consumption of the pumps from manufacturer data, in W or •  Ppmp = 50 ⋅ Q LH    • , 08 where Q LH is the electrical rated power consumption of the air heater, in kW 34 (C.4) BS EN 15316-2-1:2007 EN 15316-2-1:2007 (E) NOTE The electrical rated power consumption of an additional pump may only be applied if the hydraulic circuit of the air heater requires an additional pump (e.g injection circuit), which is not already taken into account in the heat distribution The operating time of the ventilator/fan units and/or pumps is set equal to the operating time of the heating system Table C.1 — Default values for the auxiliary energy of the control system Influence parameters Control system with auxiliary energy Pctr W Electrical control system with electrical motor actuation 0,1 (per actuator) Electrical control system with electro thermal actuation 1,0 (per actuator) Electrical control system with electromagnetic actuation 1,0 (per actuator) Table C.2 — Default values for the auxiliary energy of fans for air supply in room spaces h ≤ m Ventilator/ fan Influence parameters Pfan W Fan convector 10 E- direct heating fan convector 10 Storage heating with dynamic discharge 12 Storage heating with continuous dynamic discharge 12 C.2 Large indoor space buildings (h > m) C.2.1 Auxiliary energy – systems with direct heating For large indoor space buildings, in particular where such heating equipment is used, which cannot logically be differentiated into sub-systems of heat generation and heat emission, and which is installed in the room space in which it is used (e.g gas and infrared radiators), the total auxiliary energy is credited to the heat demand of the installation room space (see Table C.3, upper section): Wem,aux = PH,aux ⋅ th 1000 (C.5) C.2.2 Auxiliary energy – systems without direct heating For large indoor space heating systems, with a central heat generator and a separate unit for heat emission for the working space, only the auxiliary energy for the heat emission is credited to the room space heat demand (see Table C.3, lower section): Wem,aux = Pem,aux ⋅ th 1000 (C.6) 35 BS EN 15316-2-1:2007 EN 15316-2-1:2007 (E) where (for Equations (C.5) and (C.6)) Wem,aux is the auxiliary energy in the period (heat emission and, if necessary, heat generation in accordance with Equation (C.5)), in kWh; PH,aux is the rated power consumption of the equipment from Table C.3 or manufacturer data (heat generation and heat emission), in W; Pem,aux is the rated power consumption of the equipment from Table C.3 or manufacturer data (heat emission), in W; th is the running time in the period, in h The operating time of the ventilator/fan units, including control system, is set equal to the operating time of the heating system In Table C.3 default values are provided for the auxiliary energy of fans and the control system in room spaces of height h > m (large indoor space buildings), typically assessed as a fraction of Qh,b, which is determined according to EN 12831 36 BS EN 15316-2-1:2007 EN 15316-2-1:2007 (E) Table C.3— Default values for the auxiliary energy of fans and the control system, in room spaces of height h > m (large indoor space buildings) Heat emission system air heating Directly heated heat generator (installed in the working space) Influence parameters NOTE Luminous heaters (control and regulation) PH,aux W 25 (per unit) Radiant tube heaters up to 50 kW (control, regulation and fan for combustion air supply) 80 (per unit) Radiant tube heaters above 50 kW (control, regulation and fan for combustion air supply) 100 (per unit) Warm air generator with atmospheric burner and recirculation air axial fan (control, regulation and fan for combustion air supply) 0,014 · Q h,b Warm air generator with fan-assisted burner and recirculation air radial ventilator (control, regulation and fan for combustion air supply, fan for warm air supply) 0,022 · Q h,b Influence parameters Pem,aux W Air heater in working space (room height < m) (central heat generator with indirectly heated air heater) 0,012 · Q h,b Air heater in working space (room height > m) (central heat generator with indirectly heated air heater) 0,016 · Q h,b Vertical recirculation fan (room height < m) 0,002 · Q h,b Vertical recirculation fan (room height > m) 0,013 · Q h,b The connected ratings provided in Table C.2 represent average values for the equipment technology 37 BS EN 15316-2-1:2007 EN 15316-2-1:2007 (E) Bibliography [1] Lebrun, J., Marret, D.: “Thermal comfort and energy consumption in winter conditions - Continuation of the experimental study” ASHRAE Trans 1979, II,Vol.85 [2] Olesen, B W., P Kjerulf-Jensen: "Energy consumption in a room heated by different methods" Proc of Second International CIB Symposium on Energy Conservation in the Built Environment, Copenhagen, 1979 [3] Olesen, B W., J Thorshauge: "Differences in comfort sensations in spaces heated in different ways Danish experiments" in Indoor Climate, P O Fanger and O Valbjorn, eds Copenhagen: Danish Building Research Institute, 1979 [4] Olesen; B W., E Mortensen., J Thorshauge, and B Berg-Munch: "Thermal comfort in a room heated by different methods" ASHRAE Transactions 86 (1), 1980 [5] Olesen, B.W.: “Energy consumption and thermal comfort in a room heated by different methods” CLIMA2000, Budapest, 1980 [6] Bauer, M.: Methoden zur Berechnung und Bewertung des Energieaufwandes für die Nutzenübergabe bei Warmwasserheizungen, PhD – Thesis, University Stuttgart,1999 [7] Kremonke A., Richter W.: Energetische Kennwerte von Heizungsanlagen - Wärmeabgabe und Regelung, Forschungsbericht, TU Dresden, 1997 [8] Seifert, J.: Zum Einfluss von Luftströmungen auf die thermischen und aerodynamischen Verhältnisse in und an Gebäuden, PhD – Thesis, TU Dresden, 2005 [9] Seifert, J., Felsmann, C Richter, W.: Ganzheitlicher energetischer Vergleich von Heizungsanlagen für Niedrigenergiehäuser Teil + 2, Forschungsbericht, TU Dresden, 2004 [10] EN 60675, Household electric direct-acting room heaters — Methods for measuring performance (IEC 60675:1994) [11] EN 215, Thermostatic radiator valves — Requirements and test methods [12] prEN 15500, Control for HVAC applications — Electronic individual zone control equipment [13] DIN V 18599-6, Energy efficiency of buildings — Calculation of the net, final and primary energy demand for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting [14] EN 1264, Floor heating — Systems and components [15] EN 12828, Heating systems in buildings — Design for water-based heating systems [16] EN 14336, Heating systems in buildings — Installation and commissioning of water based heating systems [17] EN 15232, Energy performance of buildings — Impact of Building Automation, Controls and Building Management [18] EN 15316-2-3, Heating systems in buildings — Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies — Part 2-3: Space heating distribution systems 38 BS EN 15316-2-1:2007 EN 15316-2-1:2007 (E) ) [19] prCEN/TR 15615 , Explanation of the general relationship between various CEN standards and the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) ("Umbrella document") [20] RT2005 - Réglementation Thermique 2005, part of the French building regulation qua decrét no 2006592 dated 24 May 1) To be published 39 BS EN 15316-2-1:2007 British Standards Institution (BSI) BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level It is incorporated by Royal Charter Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee responsible, the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 9000 Fax: +44 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