BS EN 13205-5:2014 BSI Standards Publication Workplace exposure — Assessment of sampler performance for measurement of airborne particle concentrations Part 5: Aerosol sampler performance test and sampler comparison carried out at workplaces BS EN 13205-5:2014 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 13205-5:2014 Together with BS EN 13205-1:2014, BS EN 13205-2:2014, PD CEN/TR 13205-3, BS EN 13205-4:2014 and BS EN 13205-6:2014 it supersedes BS EN 13205:2002 which will be withdrawn upon publication of all parts of the series The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/2/2, Work place atmospheres A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application © The British Standards Institution 2014 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014 ISBN 978 580 78062 ICS 13.040.30 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2014 Amendments issued since publication Date Text affected BS EN 13205-5:2014 EN 13205-5 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM June 2014 ICS 13.040.30 Supersedes EN 13205:2001 English Version Workplace exposure - Assessment of sampler performance for measurement of airborne particle concentrations - Part 5: Aerosol sampler performance test and sampler comparison carried out at workplaces Exposition sur les lieux de travail - Évaluation des performances des dispositifs de prélèvement pour le mesurage des concentrations de particules en suspension dans l'air - Partie 5: Essais de performances des échantillonneurs d'aérosols, réalisés sur les lieux de travail Exposition am Arbeitsplatz - Beurteilung der Leistungsfähigkeit von Sammlern für die Messung der Konzentration luftgetragener Partikel - Teil 5: An Arbeitsplätzen durchgeführte Prüfung der Leistungsfähigkeit des Aerosolsammlers und Sammlervergleich This European Standard was approved by CEN on May 2014 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels © 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members Ref No EN 13205-5:2014 E BS EN 13205-5:2014 EN 13205-5:2014 (E) Contents Page Foreword Introduction Scope Normative references Terms and definitions 4.1 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.2 Symbols and abbreviations Symbols Latin Greek 10 Enumerating subscripts 10 Principle 10 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.5.1 6.5.2 6.5.3 6.5.4 6.5.5 Test method 11 General 11 Performance test of personal samplers for the inhalable aerosol fraction 11 Performance test of static samplers 11 Performance test of personal samplers for the respirable or thoracic aerosol fractions 11 Experiments required for the performance test 12 General 12 Candidate sampler bias 12 Candidate sampler variability 12 Excursion from the nominal flow rate 12 Collected mass or internally separated mass 13 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.4.1 7.4.2 7.4.3 7.4.4 7.4.5 7.4.6 7.4.7 7.5 7.6 Calculation of sampler bias and expanded uncertainty 14 Requirements 14 Correction factor 14 Calculation of concentration ratios 14 Sources of uncertainty (of measurement) 15 General 15 Workplace (test) aerosol concentration, as determined using the validated sampler(s) 15 Validated sampler 16 Candidate sampler bias 16 Individual candidate sampler variability 17 Excursion from the nominal flow rate 17 Collected mass or internally separated mass 18 Combined standard uncertainty 21 Expanded uncertainty 23 Periodic validation 23 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 Test report 23 General 23 Testing laboratory details and sponsoring organisation 24 Description of the candidate sampler and validated sampler 24 Critical review of sampling process 24 Circumstances of field experiment 24 Details of experimental design 24 Data analysis 25 BS EN 13205-5:2014 EN 13205-5:2014 (E) 9.8 9.9 Performance 25 Summary and information for the user 25 Annex A (normative) Procedure for a workplace comparison of a candidate sampler and a validated sampler in order to obtain a correction factor 26 Bibliography 31 BS EN 13205-5:2014 EN 13205-5:2014 (E) Foreword This document (EN 13205-5:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 137 “Assessment of workplace exposure to chemical and biological agents”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2014 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2014 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights This document together with EN 13205-1, EN 13205-2, CEN/TR 13205-3, EN 13205-4 and EN 13205-6 supersedes EN 13205:2001 EN 13205, Workplace exposure — Assessment of sampler performance for measurement of airborne particle concentrations, consists of the following parts: — Part 1: General requirements; — Part 2: Laboratory performance test based on determination of sampling efficiency; — Part 3: Analysis of sampling efficiency data [Technical Report]; — Part 4: Laboratory performance test based on comparison of concentrations; — Part 5: Aerosol sampler performance test and sampler comparison carried out at workplaces (the present document); — Part 6: Transport and handling tests Significant technical changes from the previous edition, EN 13205:2001: — This part of EN 13205 is partly based on Annex C of the previous edition, EN 13205:2001 — The scope has been limited to aerosol samplers, and the current version of the standard is not (directly) applicable to other types of aerosol instruments — As this is now a standard in its own right, a clause on used symbols has been added Almost all definitions are now given either in EN 1540, Workplace exposure — Terminology or in Part of this standard — The method of calculating the uncertainty of a sampler or a measuring procedure has been revised in order to comply with ENV 13005 The concept of “accuracy” is no longer used, instead the concept of “expanded uncertainty” is used — The main part of the standard states how to determine the performance of an aerosol sampler at a specific workplace This is an adaption of the laboratory method given in Part — The standard gives a method on how to determine the dependence of the sampling efficiency on the collected mass or internally separated mass The five major sources of uncertainty due to aspects of the sampling performance of an aerosol sampler (calibration of sampler test system, estimation of sampled concentration, bias relative to the sampling BS EN 13205-5:2014 EN 13205-5:2014 (E) convention, individual sampler variability and excursion from nominal flow rate) are described with formulae on how to incorporate these uncertainties into the expanded uncertainty of a sampler According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom BS EN 13205-5:2014 EN 13205-5:2014 (E) Introduction EN 481 defines sampling conventions for the particle size fractions to be collected from workplace atmospheres in order to assess their impact on human health Conventions are defined for the inhalable, thoracic and respirable aerosol fractions These conventions represent target specifications for aerosol samplers, giving the ideal sampling efficiency as a function of particle aerodynamic diameter In general, the sampling efficiency of real aerosol samplers will deviate from the target specification, and the aerosol mass collected will therefore differ from that which an ideal sampler would collect In addition, the behaviour of real samplers is influenced by many factors such as external wind speed In many cases there is an interaction between the influence factors and fraction of the airborne particle size distribution of the environment in which the sampler is used The workplace performance test for samplers for the inhalable, thoracic or respirable aerosol fractions described in this document is based on a comparison of concentrations sampled from a specific workplace (under otherwise identical conditions) by a candidate sampler and a (previously) validated sampler Additionally, a method is described for determining a correction factor for recalculation of the concentration determined with one sampler into that of the other at specific workplaces This method is intended for the user, rather than the manufacturer, of aerosol samplers EN 13205 (all parts) enables manufacturers and users of aerosol samplers to adopt a consistent approach to sampler validation, and provide a framework for the assessment of sampler performance with respect to EN 481 and EN 482 It is the responsibility of the manufacturer of aerosol samplers to inform the user of the sampler performance under the laboratory conditions 1) specified in EN 13205-1 It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that the actual conditions of intended use are within what the manufacturer specifies as acceptable conditions according to the performance test 1) The inhalable convention is undefined for particle sizes in excess of 100 µm or for wind speeds greater than m/s The tests required to assess performance are therefore limited to these conditions Should such large particle sizes or wind speeds actually exist at the time of sampling, it is possible that different samplers meeting this part of EN 13205 give different results BS EN 13205-5:2014 EN 13205-5:2014 (E) Scope This European Standard specifies a method for determining the performance of an aerosol sampler under prescribed workplace conditions in order to test whether the performance of a candidate sampler fulfils the requirements of EN 13205-1 This part of EN 13205 specifies also a simple method to determine how, for a specific workplace aerosol, the concentration measured by the candidate sampler can be recalculated into that of a validated sampler This part of EN 13205 is applicable to all samplers used for the health-related sampling of particles in workplace air Different test procedures and types of evaluation are included to enable application of this part of EN 13205 to a wide variety of instruments The methods specified in this part of EN 13205 are not applicable to tests where the performance of personal samplers is related to static samplers or vice versa Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies EN 1540, Workplace exposure - Terminology EN 13205-1:2014, Workplace exposure — Assessment of sampler performance for measurement of airborne particle concentrations — Part 1: General requirements EN 13205-2:2014, Workplace exposure — Assessment of sampler performance for measurement of airborne particle concentrations — Part 2: Laboratory performance test based on determination of sampling efficiency EN 13205-4:2014, Workplace exposure — Assessment of sampler performance for measurement of airborne particle concentrations — Part 4: Laboratory performance test based on comparison of concentrations Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the term and definitions given in EN 1540, EN 13205-1:2014 EN 13205-2:2014 and the following apply NOTE With regard to EN 1540, in particular, the following terms are used in this document: total airborne particles, respirable fraction, sampling efficiency, static sampler, thoracic fraction, inhalable fraction, measuring procedure, nonrandom uncertainty, random uncertainty, expanded uncertainty, standard uncertainty, combined standard uncertainty, uncertainty (of measurement), coverage factor, precision and analysis 3.1 correction function mathematical function relating aerosol concentrations measured using a candidate sampler to those measured using a validated sampler, determined by a comparison of the two samplers BS EN 13205-5:2014 EN 13205-5:2014 (E) Symbols and abbreviations 4.1 Symbols 4.1.1 Latin Camb inhalertl average total airborne particle (or inhalable aerosol fraction) concentration for partial sampling period l in run r for sampling time t, [mg/m ] COEL appropriate occupational exposure limit value (OEL) applying to the substances being measured, [mg/m ] C rtl concentration for partial sampling period l in run r, for sampling time t, [mg/m ] twa l1−l C r3 time-weighted concentration average for candidate sampler for run r, sampling time t = extending from partial sampling period l1 to partial sampling period l2, [mg/m ] c candidate sampler correction factor for bias correction, either prescribed by sampler manufacturer or measuring procedure, or assigned the value c = 1.00, [-] mrtl average mass collected during partial sampling period l, in run r for sampling time t (where t = 1,2,3 represents sampling times texp, texp/3 and texp/9 respectively), [mg] aver Collected mrtl aver InternSep mrtl average collected mass for partial sampling period l, in run r for sampling time t (where t = 1,2,3 represents sampling times texp, texp/3 and texp/9, respectively), [mg] average internally separated mass for partial sampling period l, in run r for sampling time t (where t = 1,2,3 represents sampling times texp, texp/3 and texp/9, respectively), [mg] max mCollected maximum collected mass corresponding to maximum concentration times intended sampling time times nominal flow rate, [mg] max mInternSep maximum internally separated mass corresponding to difference between maximum total airborne particle (or inhalable fraction) concentration and maximum concentration expected to be sampled by candidate sampler times intended sampling time times nominal flow rate, [mg] zero mCollected collected mass corresponding to approximately zero mass, [mg] zero mInternSep internally separated mass corresponding to approximately zero mass, [mg] NRun number of experimental runs, pairs of (average) validated sampler and candidate sampler concentrations N Sr number of candidate samplers used in experimental run r NS number of candidate samplers used with partial period l in run r for sampling time t rtl N Valid number of reference samplers (validated samplers) used in experimental run r Q0 nominal flow rate of sampler, [l/min] Q+ higher flow rate used for the candidate sampler in the performance test for the effect of flow excursions, [l/min] Q- lower flow rate used for the candidate sampler in the performance test for the effect of flow excursions, [l/min] Rg geometric mean of the r Rrs values, [-] BS EN 13205-5:2014 EN 13205-5:2014 (E) the regression model, the results cannot be used, either because the lowest collected masses obtained in the experiment for the shortest sampling times are too high or because the aerosol variability at sampling location was too high The uncertainty component due to collected mass in the range zero mCollected ; max mCollected is calculated from Formula (12) as: uCandSampler-CollectedMass = YEst-Collected ( max ) mCollected − YEst-Collected ( zero mCollected ) (12) where max mCollected is the expected maximum collected mass; zero mCollected is a mass corresponding to almost zero collected mass; is the standard uncertainty (of measurement) due to mass collected by the candidate sampler; and uCandSampler-CollectedMass ( YEst-Collected mCollected ) is the prediction from the regression formula for the effect of collected mass ( mCollected ) on the sampling efficiency of the candidate sampler If the regression is not significant, then in the range of collected aerosol mass zero mCollected ; max mCollected , uCandSampler-CollectedMass = (13) where is the standard uncertainty (of measurement) due to mass collected by the candidate sampler Internally separated aerosol mass uCandSampler-CollectedMass 7.4.7.3 Estimate the average amount of mass deposited inside the candidate sampler, aver InternSep mrtl , based on the difference between the total airborne particle (or the inhalable aerosol fraction) concentration and the concentration sampled by the candidate sampler For each run r, sampling time t, and partial sampling period l, this is calculated from Formula (14) as aver InternSep mrtl = Camb inhale Q trtl − aver mrtl (14) rtl where Camb inhale aver rtl mrtl aver InternSep mrtl is the (average) total airborne particle (or inhalable aerosol fraction) concentration for partial sampling period l in run r for sampling time t; is the mass collected by candidate sampler s during partial sampling period l, in run r for sampling time t; is the average internally separated mass for partial sampling period l, in run r for sampling time t; Q0 is the nominal flow rate of the candidate sampler; and trtl is time t for run r, sampling period l, and partial sampling period l Plot each value rrtl (for t = and 2) versus the internally separated mass of the of candidate sampler operated at a higher mass loading (the corresponding value 20 aver InternSep mrtl ) Use any curvilinear regression by the BS EN 13205-5:2014 EN 13205-5:2014 (E) least-squares method to determine the effect of internally separated mass 4) The derived regression function shall be monotonic over the interval for the regression The parameter values of the derived function and their uncertainties shall be documented From the best model including all significant parameters, calculate the value of the regression formula at the above determined value of maximum internally separated mass, YEst-InternSep corresponding to almost zero internally separated mass, YEst-InternSep ( zero ) ( max ) ( mInternSep , and a value mInternSep If YEst-InternSep zero ) mInternSep is not approximately unity within the uncertainty of the regression model, the results cannot be used, either because the obtained lowest internally separated masses obtained in the experiment for the shortest sampling times are too high or because the aerosol variability at sampling location was too high The uncertainty component due to the internally separated mass in the range zero mInternSep ; max mInternSep is calculated from Formula (15) as: uCandSampler-InternSepMass = YEst-InternSep ( max ) mInternSep − YEst-InternSep ( zero mInternSep ) (15) where max mInternSep is the expected maximum internally separated mass; zero mInternSep is a mass corresponding to almost zero internally separated mass; uCandSampler-InternSepMass ( YEst-InternSep mInternSep ) is the standard uncertainty (of measurement) due to internally separated mass by the candidate sampler; and is the regression formula for the effect of internally separated mass ( mInternSep ) on the internal penetration of the candidate sampler If the regression is not significant, then in the range of collected aerosol mass zero mInternSep ; max mInternSep , uCandSampler-InternSepMass = (16) where uCandSampler-InternSepMass is the standard uncertainty (of measurement) due to mass collected by the candidate sampler 7.5 Combined standard uncertainty The combined standard uncertainty consists of two components, arising from the random, uCandSampl-R , and non-random, uCandSampl-nR , sources of error, respectively Each component consists of the standard uncertainties due to the candidate sampler and the validated sampler (as defined above), and its calculation depends on whether there is any coupling between the flow rate and internal penetration for the candidate (e.g samplers for the respirable and thoracic aerosol fractions) or whether no such coupling exists (e.g samplers for the inhalable aerosol fraction) For a candidate sampler without any coupling between the flow rate and internal penetration the components are calculated from Formula (17) as: 4) See Bibliography, reference [6] 21 BS EN 13205-5:2014 EN 13205-5:2014 (E) uCandSampl-R = uCandSampl-Variability + uValidConc + uCandSampl-Flow 2 2 uCandSampl-nR = uCandSampl-Bias + uValidSampl-nR + uCandSampler-CollectedMass (17) where uCandSampl-Bias is the candidate sampler’s standard uncertainty (of measurement) due to bias relative to the sampling convention [see Formula (4)]; uCandSampl-CollectedMass is the standard uncertainty (of measurement) due to mass collected by the candidate sampler [see Formula (12)]; uCandSampl-Flow is the candidate sampler’s standard uncertainty (of measurement) due to flow rate deviation [see Formula (7)]; uCandSampl-nR is the candidate sampler’s combined uncertainty (of measurement) due to nonrandom errors; uCandSampl-R is the candidate sampler’s combined uncertainty (of measurement) due to random errors; uCandSampl-Variability is the candidate sampler’s standard uncertainty (of measurement) due to differences among sampler individuals [see Formula (5)]; uValidConc is the standard uncertainty (of measurement) of the test aerosol concentration at the position of candidate samplers in test system (see Formula (3)]; uValidSampl-nR is the validated sampler’s standard uncertainty due to non-random errors (see 7.4.3) For a candidate sampler with a coupling between the flow rate and internal penetration the components are calculated from Formula (18) as: uCandSampl-R uCandSampl-Variability + uValidConc = 2 2 uCandSampl-nR = uCandSampl-Bias + uValidSampl-nR + uCandSampl-Flow + + uCandSampler-CollectedMass + uCandSampler-InternSepMass (18) where 22 uCandSampl-Bias is the candidate sampler’s standard uncertainty (of measurement) due to bias relative to the sampling convention [see Formula (4)]; uCandSampl-CollectedMass is the standard uncertainty (of measurement) due to mass collected by the candidate sampler [see Formula (12)]; uCandSampl-Flow is the candidate sampler’s standard uncertainty (of measurement) due to flow rate deviation [see Formula (8)]; uCandSampl-InternSepMass is the standard uncertainty (of measurement) due to internally separated mass by the candidate sampler; [see Formula (15)]; uCandSampl-nR is the candidate sampler’s combined uncertainty (of measurement) due to nonrandom errors; uCandSampl-R is the candidate sampler’s combined uncertainty (of measurement) due to random errors; uCandSampl-Variability is the candidate sampler’s standard uncertainty (of measurement) due to differences among sampler individuals [see Formula (6)]; uValidConc is the standard uncertainty (of measurement) of the test aerosol concentration at the position of candidate samplers in test system [see Formula (3)]; BS EN 13205-5:2014 EN 13205-5:2014 (E) is the validated sampler’s standard uncertainty due to non-random errors (see 7.4.3) uValidSampl-nR The combined standard uncertainty for the candidate aerosol sampler is calculated from Formula (19) as: = uCandSampl uCandSampl-R + uCandSampl-nR (19) where uCandSampl is the candidate sampler’s combined uncertainty (of measurement) due to both random and non-random errors; uCandSampl-nR is the candidate sampler’s combined uncertainty (of measurement) due to non-random errors; and uCandSampl-R is the candidate sampler’s combined uncertainty (of measurement) due to random errors 7.6 Expanded uncertainty The expanded uncertainty (for the candidate sampler only) is calculated from the combined standard uncertainty using a coverage factor of from Formula (20): U CandSampl = 2uCandSampl (20) where U CandSampl is the candidate sampler’s expanded uncertainty (of measurement); and uCandSampl is the candidate sampler’s combined uncertainty (of measurement) The determined expanded uncertainty is specific to the workplace activities included in the evaluation exercise and cannot be assumed to apply to other circumstances The calculation of the expanded uncertainty for a complete measuring procedure, i.e incorporating also the stages transport, storage, sample preparation and sample analysis, is described in EN 13205-1:2014, Annex A Periodic validation The performance of the candidate sampler shall be checked periodically by performing an experiment with a small number of new candidate and validated sampler results If the results of such an exercise indicate that the performance is no longer as required, or in any case when circumstances in the workplace change, the full performance test shall be repeated Where new performance data are described adequately by the previous data, the performance evaluation shall be updated periodically by combining new and existing data Test report 9.1 General The test report shall contain all information required in various parts of this standard for a type C test, even if not explicitly listed below (see EN 13205-1:2014, 7.1) The test report shall be divided into sections as described 23 BS EN 13205-5:2014 EN 13205-5:2014 (E) 9.2 Testing laboratory details and sponsoring organisation — Name and address of testing laboratory, personnel carrying out the tests and date of the work; — name of the organisation sponsoring the test 9.3 Description of the candidate sampler and validated sampler — Sampler names; — generic types, i.e cyclone, elutriator; — sampling convention which validated sampler uses; — definition of which collection substrate(s) constitutes the sample(s); — number, age and origin of the specimens of the candidate sampler tested; — nominal flow rates for candidate and validated samplers, incl source of information; — uncertainty of validated sampler and the source for the data 9.4 Critical review of sampling process NOTE See EN 13205–1:2014, 6.2 — Description of the sampling process for the candidate sampler; — factors influencing the sampling process; — scope of the test, and any limitations to the field of application of the sampler that arise from the limited nature of the test 9.5 Circumstances of field experiment — Description of the site at which the performance test was carried out, and the activities included; — description of the properties of the aerosol present, i.e composition, concentration, size distribution, shape, charge etc; — description of the environmental conditions at the test site, i.e wind speed, temperature, pressure, humidity etc; — description of the experimental arrangement; position and orientation of samplers; — details of sampler flow measurement; — details of any external sampling pumps used; — cleaning procedures 9.6 Details of experimental design Give a table that shows the design of the experiment in terms of the locations of the samplers during sampling, the sampling times and dates, the number of pairs of results (experimental runs) obtained and the number of validated samplers and candidate samplers per experimental run The order in which the 24 BS EN 13205-5:2014 EN 13205-5:2014 (E) experiments were actually carried out shall be recorded The methods used for measuring aerosol concentrations from both the candidate and validated samplers shall be described in detail This section shall also give details of any supplementary experiments 9.7 Data analysis List the measured concentrations for both, the candidate sampler(s) and the validated sampler(s), incl their uncertainties Document any regression model used in the analysis described in 7.4.7 List the calculated uncertainty components (see 7.4 and 7.5) and the combined uncertainty (see 7.6) Present the data in graphical form, incl the effect of the correction factor 9.8 Performance — State any prescribed correction factor (c) that shall be applied to all concentrations measured with the sampler, according to either the sampler manufacturer or the relevant measuring procedure; — state the expanded uncertainty and whether the candidate sampler has acceptable performance; — state the concentration range over which the candidate sampler has acceptable performance (if applicable); — state any special restrictions on the use of the candidate sampler, e.g the conditions for which it does not meet the requirements of this standard 9.9 Summary and information for the user Give a summary of the test report, explaining the scope of the tests and the main findings Include the sampler performance and restrictions on its use Describe any practical difficulties in the routine use of the sampler that are known to exist 25 BS EN 13205-5:2014 EN 13205-5:2014 (E) Annex A (normative) Procedure for a workplace comparison of a candidate sampler and a validated sampler in order to obtain a correction factor A.1 General This Annex is intended for the user, rather than the manufacturer, of sampling samplers It describes a recommended method for establishing the equivalence of a candidate sampler and a validated sampler in a specific workplace The purpose of establishing the equivalence of the two samplers is to enable the user of the samplers to carry out screening measurements or periodic measurements of dust concentration with samplers that have not been evaluated in laboratory tests according to this standard The validated sampler and candidate sampler shall both be either personal samplers or static samplers The methods described in this Annex shall not be applied to comparisons of personal samplers with static samplers or vice versa Analysis of the field comparison data is carried out to obtain a correction function that relates the aerosol concentrations measured by the candidate sampler to those measured by the validated sampler In subsequent use in conditions to which the correction function applies, the results from the candidate sampler are scaled by application of the correction function The correction function will depend on both the properties of the aerosol present during the test, i.e its composition, concentration, size distribution, shape, charge, etc., and on the environmental conditions existing at the time of the test, i.e wind speed, temperature, pressure, humidity, etc The correction function will be specific to the workplace activities included in the comparison exercise and cannot be assumed to apply to different circumstances This annex recommends criteria for deciding whether the transformed candidate sampler results show an adequate degree of equivalence to the validated sampler results If the equivalence or performance is poor, this will probably be due to either that the inherent variability at the workplace is exceedingly large, or by including too wide a range of workplace activities in the comparison, rather than to poor performance by the samplers In the first case the large variability can only be reduced by averaging over several samplers, which can be difficult with personal samplers In the second case the comparison exercise shall be repeated for a more narrowly-defined group of exposed persons or workplace activities, until an adequate degree of equivalence is established In some workplaces the nature or organisation of the work can make this impossible A.2 Procedure for field comparison of candidate sampler with validated sampler A.2.1 General Pairs of measurements are obtained with both validated sampler(s) and candidate sampler(s) (preferably more than one individual for both the validated sampler and the candidate sampler), exposed to the same aerosol The number of pairs of measurements (experimental runs) obtained shall be as large as possible and never less than 10 The measurements shall cover the range of aerosol properties, concentrations and environmental conditions occurring at the sampling sites, and be obtained over a period of at least two days (although a larger number of days is preferred) 5) Both validated sampler and candidate sampler shall be operated in accordance with the instructions given in the manufacturer's instruction manual for the sampler types Any deviations from these instructions shall be 5) For examples of published field comparisons of aerosol sampling instruments, see Bibliography, references [7] to [9] 26 BS EN 13205-5:2014 EN 13205-5:2014 (E) documented in the comparison report Only those samples obtained in accordance with documented operating procedures may be regarded as valid and included in the data analysis A comparison test that demonstrates equivalence (see A.3.6) between a candidate sampler and validated sampler does not entail that the performance of the candidate sampler is as required (see EN 13205-1:2014, 5.1) A.2.2 Comparison of two types of personal samplers for the inhalable aerosol fraction See 6.2 A.2.3 Comparison of two types of static samplers See 6.3 A.2.4 Comparison of two types of personal samplers for the respirable or thoracic aerosol fractions See 6.4 A.3 Calculation methods A.3.1 General Designate the concentrations measured with the candidate sampler in experimental run r using candidate sampler individual s as X rs Designate the concentrations measured with the validated sampler in experimental run r using validated sampler individual s as Yrs A.3.2 Estimation of the correction function Take logarithms of the measured concentrations of the candidate sampler, X rs [mg/m ], and (the average of) the measured concentrations of the validated sampler, aver Yr [mg/m3], for each experimental run r and plot the pairs ln( X rs ) , ln( aver Yr ) graphically The functional relationship y = f(x) between the concentrations of (the average of) the candidate samplers and (the average of) the validated samplers shall be computed from the logarithmic data using a recognised statistical procedure, documented in the report An example of a suitable ) technique is curvilinear regression by the least-squares method The derived correction function shall be monotonic in the range in which it will later be used The correction function shall be plotted onto the graph showing all data The correction function’s parameter values and their uncertainties shall be documented A.3.3 Calculation of ratio of corrected sampler concentration to workplace (test) aerosol concentration, as determined with the validated sampler For each determined workplace (test) aerosol concentration, calculate the corrected individual candidate sampler concentration s for experimental run r, Yrs∗ , from Formula (A.1): ( ( )) Yrs∗ = exp f ln X rs (A.1) where 6) See, for example, Bibliography, reference [6] 27 BS EN 13205-5:2014 EN 13205-5:2014 (E) X rs is the measured candidate sampler concentration for candidate sampler individual s, for run (workplace (test) aerosol concentration) r, [mg/m ]; and Yrs∗ is the corrected concentration measured by the candidate sampler individual s, for the run experiment (workplace (test) aerosol concentration) r, [mg/m ] For each determined workplace (test) aerosol concentration by candidate sampler individual s in experimental run r, calculate the ratio of the corrected individual candidate sampler concentration to (the average) validated sampler concentration from Formula (A.2) Rrs = Yrs* aver (A.2) Yr where Rrs is the ratio of the candidate sampler individual s concentration in experimental run r to the (average) workplace (test) aerosol concentration in experimental run r, [-]; Yrs* is the corrected concentration measured by the candidate sampler individual s, for the run experiment (workplace (test) aerosol concentration) r, [mg/m ]; and aver Yr is the average of the measured validated sampler concentration for the run (workplace (test) aerosol concentration), r, [mg/m ] A.3.4 Exclusion of outliers Exclude comparison pairs (of averages) for which ratios Rrs > 2,5 or Rrs < 1/2,5 from further analysis, provided a) no more than one pair of results is excluded for every 10 pairs of data points; and b) there are at least 10 unexcluded points A.3.5 Residual uncertainty after transformation by the correction function Calculate the geometric mean of the ratios Rrs , from Formula (A.3), i.e ln Rg = N Run NRun ∑ ln R r=1 (A.3) rs where N Run is the number of experimental runs, pairs of (average) validated sampler and candidate sampler concentrations; Rg is the geometric mean of the Rrs is the ratio of the candidate sampler individual s concentration in experimental run r to the (average) workplace (test) aerosol concentration in experimental run r Rrs values; and Calculate the geometric standard deviation of the ratios Rrs from Formula (A.4), i.e NRun 2 ln sR = ln Rrs − ln Rg ∑ N Run − r=1 ( ) 12 (A.4) where N Run 28 is the number of experimental runs, pairs of (average) validated sampler and candidate sampler concentrations; BS EN 13205-5:2014 EN 13205-5:2014 (E) Rrs values; Rg is the geometric mean of the Rrs is the ratio of the candidate sampler individual s concentration in experimental run r to the (average) workplace (test) aerosol concentration in experimental run r; and sR is the geometric standard deviation of the Rrs values If any outlying points have been excluded as specified in A.3.4, adjust N Run accordingly A.3.6 Equivalence Provided that the expanded standard uncertainty of the candidate sampler is not calculated according to EN 13205-5, it is suggested that the two methods have an acceptable degree of equivalence if: — sR ≤ 1,3 for subsequent measurements at concentrations in the range 0,5 × COEL to × COEL ; — sR ≤ 1,5 for subsequent measurements at concentrations less than 0,5 × COEL ; where COEL is the appropriate occupational exposure limit (OEL) value [mg/m ] applying to the substances being measured That a candidate sampler is found to be equivalent to a validated sampler at a specific workplace does not imply that the equivalent sampler also will be a validated sampler (type C) at that workplace To determine whether an equivalent sampler also is a validated sampler at the specific workplace requires a test according to the main part of this standard A.4 Periodic validation The equivalence of the two methods shall be checked periodically by comparing a small number of new candidates and validated sampler results If the results of such an exercise indicate that the correction function no longer applies, or in any case when circumstances in the workplace change, the full comparison exercise shall be repeated Where new comparison data are described adequately by the previous correction function, the function shall be updated periodically by combining new and existing data A.5 Documentation A.5.1 General The comparison exercise should be documented in sections as described as follows State type of test (comparison) and personnel carrying out the tests and date(s) of the experimental work A.5.2 Description of the candidate sampler and validated sampler See 9.2 A.5.3 Critical review of sampling process See 9.3 29 BS EN 13205-5:2014 EN 13205-5:2014 (E) A.5.4 Circumstances of field comparison — Description of the site at which the comparison was carried out, and the activities included; — description of the properties of the aerosol present, i.e composition, concentration, size distribution, shape, colour, refractive index, charge, etc; — description of the environmental conditions at the test site, i.e wind speed, temperature, pressure, relative humidity, etc — description of the experimental arrangement; position and orientation of samplers; — details of sampler flow measurement; — details of any external sampling pumps used; — cleaning procedures A.5.5 Details of experimental design Give a table that shows the design of the experiment in terms of the locations of the samplers during sampling, the sampling times and dates, the number of pairs of results (experimental runs) obtained and the number of validated samplers and candidate samplers per experimental run The methods used for obtaining aerosol concentrations from both the candidate and validated samplers shall be described in detail A.5.6 Data analysis Present the data in graphical form, showing the correction function plotted onto the data Explain the procedure for estimating the correction function A.5.7 Equivalence — state the correction function parameters and their uncertainties; — state the geometric mean and geometric standard deviation of the ratios Rrs , Rg and sR ; — state the concentration range over which the candidate sampler and validated sampler can be regarded as equivalent 30 BS EN 13205-5:2014 EN 13205-5:2014 (E) Bibliography [1] Mark, D., R J Aitken, O Witschger, W Koch, G Lidén and H Kromhout, Development of a novel calibration tool for workplace aerosol samplers Final report on EU FP4 project SMT4-CT98-2254 Available from the authors, 2006 [2] W ITSCHGER, O., GRINSHPUN, S A., FAUVEL, S and BASSO, G., Performance of Personal Inhalable Aerosol Samplers in Very Slowly Moving Air When Facing the Aerosol Source Ann Occup Hyg 2004, 48 (4) pp 351–368 [3] DE [4] SU W.-C., VINCENT J.H Towards a general semi-empirical model for the aspiration of aerosol samplers in perfectly calm air J Aerosol Sci 2004, 35 (9) pp 1119–1134 [5] SU W.-C., VINCENT J.H Corrigendum to “Towards a general semi-empirical model for the aspiration of aerosol samplers in perfectly calm air” [Journal of Aerosol Science 35 (9) (2004) 1119–1134] J Aerosol Sci 2005, 36 (12) p 1468 [6] DRAPER N., SMITH H Applied Regression Analysis 2nd ed Wiley Series in Probability and Mathematical Statistics, Hrsg W.A Shewhart und S.S Wilks John Wiley & Sons, New York (NY), USA, 1981 [7] VAUGHAN N.P Investigation of Size Fractionating Sampler Characteristics Using a Real-time Aerodynamic Particle Size Analyser Internal Report IR/L/FD/83/9, Health and Safety Executive, London, 1983 [8] VERMA D.K., SEBESTYEN A., JULIAN J.A., MUIR D.C.F Field Comparison of Respirable Dust Samplers Ann Occup Hyg 1992, 36 (1) pp 23–34 [9] W ERNER M.A., SPEAR T.M., VINCENT J.H Investigation into the Impact of Introducing Workplace Aerosol Standards based on the Inhalable Fraction Analyst (Lond.) 1996, 121 (9) pp 1207–1214 [10] CEN/TR 15547:2007, Workplace atmospheres - Calculation of the health-related aerosol fraction concentration from the concentration measured by a sampler with known performance characteristics [11] CEN/TR 13205-3:2014, Workplace exposure — Assessment of sampler performance for measurement of airborne particle concentrations — Part 3: Analysis of sampling efficiency data [12] EN 13205-6:2014, Workplace exposure — Assessment of sampler performance for measurement of airborne particle concentrations — Part 6: Transport and handling tests [13] EN 481, Workplace atmospheres - Size fraction definitions for measurement of airborne particles [14] EN 482, Workplace exposure - General requirements for the performance of procedures for the measurement of chemical agents VOCHT F., HUIZER D., PRAUSE M., JAKOBSSON K., PEPLONSKA B., STRAIF K et al Field Comparison of Inhalable Aerosol Samplers Applied in the European Rubber Manufacturing Industry Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2006, 79 (8) pp 621–629 31 This page deliberately left blank This page deliberately left blank NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW British Standards Institution (BSI) BSI is the national body responsible for preparing British Standards and other standards-related publications, information and services BSI is incorporated by Royal Charter British Standards 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