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BS EN 4025:201 3+A1 :201 BSI Standards Publication Tanks for the transport of dangerous goods — Metallic pressure tanks — Design and construction BRITISH STANDARD BRITISH BRITISH STANDARD STANDARD BS EN 4025:201 3+A1 :201 BS BS EN EN 11 4025:201 4025:201 33 National foreword National foreword National This Britishforeword Standard is the UK implementation of EN 4025:201 3+A1 :201 It supersedes BS EN 4025:201 which is withdrawn The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by !" This standard is primarily intended as a code for the design and construction of tanks for the transport of dangerous goods, subject to the provisions of Chapters 4.3 and 6.8 of the RID/ADR/ADN For instance, EN 4025 is a referenced standard in ADR paragraph 6.8.2.6.1 , and its provisions should be regarded as normative for these tanks, except where ADR permits the use of other standards specific to dangerous goods to be transported, e.g cryogenic gases and LPG and LPG and LPG BS EN 11 4025 isis one of standards that might be for the design construction UN Portable the BS EN 4025and one of several severalof standards thatTanks mightsubject be used usedto for the design and construction of UN Portable Tanks subject to the provisions of Chapters 4.2 and 6.7 of the RID/ADR/ADN and also the design of andChapters construction of 6.7 UN of Portable Tanks subject toalso the provisions 4.2 and the RID/ADR/ADN and of the IMDG Code It should be6.7 noted thatRID/ADR/ADN regulations inand Chapters provisions of Chapters 4.2 and of the also of the the IMDG ItIt should should the be noted noted that regulations in Chapters 4.2 andIMDG 6.7 doCode not prescribe use ofthat this regulations standard Alternative of Code be in Chapters 4.2 and 6.7 not prescribe the use of this standard Alternative standards by the for Transport for 4.2 and 6.7are dopermitted not prescribe theUK useDepartment of this standard Alternative standards are permitted by the UK Department for Transport for these tanks standards are permitted by the UK Department for Transport for these tanks The UKtanks committee advises users that there might be conflicting these provisions in this standard provisions in Chapters The UK committee advises with usersreference that theretomight be conflicting 4.2 and 6.7 of RID/ADR/ADN and the IMDG Code Users should provisions in this standard with reference to provisions in Chapters be aware that UN Portable Tanks designed and constructed in 4.2 and 6.7 of RID/ADR/ADN and the IMDG Code Users should accordance with this standard may not be accepted in all parts be aware that UN Portable Tanks designed and constructed in of the world with this standard may not be accepted in all parts of accordance the world The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee AUE/1 8, Tanks the transport of dangerous goods The UK participation in its for preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee AUE/1 8, Tanks for the transport of dangerous A list of organizations represented on this committee can goods be obtained on request torepresented its secretary.on this committee can be A list of organizations obtained on request secretary This publication doestonotitspurport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract are to responsible correct This publication does notUsers purport include allfortheitsnecessary application provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application © The British Standards Institution 201 Published by BSI Standards Limited 201 Standards Institution 201 © The British Published Standards Limited 201 ISBN 978 0by 580BSI76782 ISBN1 3.300; 978 580 88461 ICS 23.020.20 ICS 3.300; 23.020.20 Compliance with a British Standar legal obligations Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and since Strategy Committee on 30 November 201 Amendments issued publication Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected Date Text affected 31 July 201 Implementation of CEN amendment A1 :201 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 14025:2013+A1 NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM June 2016 ICS 13.300; 23.020.20 Supersedes EN 14025:2013 English Version Tanks for the transport of dangerous goods - Metallic pressure tanks - Design and construction Citernes destinées au transport de matières dangereuses - Citernes métalliques sous pression Conception et fabrication Tanks für die Beförderung gefährlicher Güter Metallische Drucktanks - Auslegung und Bau This European Standard was approved by CEN on 31 August 2013 and includes Amendment approved by CEN on 29 April 2016 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION C O M I TÉ E URO P É E N D E N O RM ALI S ATI O N E U RO P ÄI S C H E S KO M I T E E F Ü R N O RM U N G CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels © 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members Ref No EN 14025:2013+A1:2016 E BS 4025:201 3+A1 :201 BS EN EN 14025:2013+A1:2016 EN 14025:2013+A1:2016 (E) E N 14025:2013+A1:201 (E) Contents Page European foreword Scope Normati ve references 3.1 3.2 Terms , definitions and symbols Terms and definitions Symbols 4.1 4.2 Materials General Compatibility 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Design General Minimum shell thickness Reduction of shell thickness Protection of the shell 10 Protection of equipment 10 Other design requirements 11 6.1 6.1.1 6.1.2 Calculation 11 General 11 General 11 Calculation scheme for the wall thickness of metallic pressure tanks of RID/ADR Chapte r 6.8 11 6.1.3 Calculation scheme for the wall thickness of metallic portable pressure tanks of RID/AD R chapter 6.7 12 6.2 Design criteria 13 6.3 Calculation for internal pressure 15 6.3.1 General 15 6.3.2 Wall thickness of the cylindrical section 15 6.3.3 Wall thickness of ends 15 6.3.4 Wall thickness of conical sections 19 6.3.5 Openings and reinforcements 21 6.3.6 Manhole covers 28 6.3.7 Flanges , joints , bolts 33 6.4 Calculation for external pressure 34 6.4.1 General 34 6.4.2 Tanks, where external over pressure is part of operatin g conditions 35 6.4.3 Tanks, where external over pressure is not part of operating conditions 35 6.4.4 Test 35 6.5 Tan k to frame connection/interface 35 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.3.1 Construction an d manufacturing 36 General requirements 36 Cutting 36 Forming 37 General 37 BSEN EN14025:2013+A1:2016 4025:201 3+A1 :201 BS EN 14025:2013+A1:2016 (E) E N 14025:2013+A1:2016 (E) 7.3.2 7.3.3 7.3.4 7.3.5 7.4 7.4.1 7.4.2 7.4.3 7.4.4 7.5 7.5.1 7.5.2 7.5.3 7.5.4 7.5.5 Cold forming 37 Hot forming 37 Ends 37 Heat treatment an d normalising 37 Welding 38 Qualification 38 Welded joints 38 Examination an d testing of welds 38 Temporary attachments 40 Manufacturin g tolerances 40 Plate alignment 40 Defects o f form 41 Thickness 41 Dishe d ends 41 Cylindrical sections 41 8.1 8.2 8.3 Repairs 42 General 42 Repair of surface defects in the parent metal 42 Repair of weld defects 42 Annex A (informative) Sample calculation for tank containers according to RID/ADR Chapter 6.8" 43 A.1 Introduction 43 A.2 Dimensions, characteristics of materials, operating and testing conditions 43 A.3 Calculation according to branch A 44 A.4 Calculation according to branch B 44 A.5 Calculation according to branch C 45 A.6 Calculation according to branch D 47 A.7 Results 54 Annex B (informative) Explosion pressure shock resistant design of tanks 56 Bibliography 58 BS 4025:201 3+A1 :201 BS EN EN 14025:2013+A1:2016 EN 14025:2013+A1:2016 (E) E N 14025:2013+A1:201 (E) European foreword This document (EN 14025:2013+A1:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 296 “Tanks for the transport of dangerous goods”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2016 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights This document includes Amendment approved by CEN on 29 April 2016 This document supersedes ! EN 14025:2013 " The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! deleted text" ! " This document is submitted for reference into the RID [9] and/or in the technical annexes of the ADR [10] NOTE The technical annexes are available at the following website: http://www.unece.org./trans/danger/danger.htm for ADR and for RID at http://www.otif.org/en/dangerousgoods.htm respectively This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom BSEN EN14025:2013+A1:2016 4025:201 3+A1 :201 BS EN 14025:2013+A1:2016 (E) E N 14025:2013+A1:2016 (E) Scope This European Standard specifies the minimum requirements for the design and construction of metallic pressure tanks having a maximum working or test pressure exceeding 50 kPa (0,5 bar), for the transport of dangerous goods by road and rail and sea This European Standard includes requirements for openings, closures and structural equipment; it does not cover requirements of service equipment For tanks for the transport of cryogenic liquids, EN 13530-1 and EN 13530-2 apply NOTE Design and construction of pressure tanks according to the scope of this European Standard are primarily subject to the requirements of RID/ADR, 6.8.2.1, 6.8.3.1 and 6.8.5, as relevant In addition, the relevant requirements of RID/ADR, columns 12 and 13 of Table A to chapter 3.2, 4.3 and 6.8.2.4 apply For the structural equipment subsections 6.8.2.2 and 6.8.3.2 apply, as relevant The definitions of RID/ADR 1.2.1 are referred to For portable tanks see also Chapter 4.2 and Sections 6.7.2 and 6.7.3 of RID and ADR In addition, the relevant requirements of RID/ADR, columns 10 and 11 of Table A to Chapter 3.2, 4.2, 6.7.2 and 6.7.3 apply The paragraph numbers above relate to the 2013 issue of RID/ADR which are subject to regular revisions This can lead to temporary non-compliances with EN 14025 It is important to know that requirements of RID/ADR take precedence over any clause of this standard NOTE This standard is applicable to liquefied gases including LPG, however for a dedicated LPG standard see EN 12493 If not otherwise specified, provisions which take up the whole width of the page apply to all kind of tanks Provisions contained in a single column apply only to: road and rail pressure tanks according to portable tanks according to RID/ADR chapter 6.7 RID/ADR chapter 6.8 (left-hand column); (right-hand column) Normati ve references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies EN 287-1, Qualification test of welders — Fusion welding — Part : Steels EN 1418, Welding personnel — Approval testing of welding operators for fusion welding and resistance weld setters for fully mechanized and automatic welding of metallic materials EN 1435, Non-destructive examination of welds — Radiographic examination of welded joints EN 1591-1, Flanges and their joints — Design rules for gasketed circular flange connections — Part 1: Calculation method EN 10204, Metallic products - Types of inspection documents EN 13094:2008, Tanks for the transport of dangerous goods — Metallic tanks with a working pressure not exceeding 0,5 bar — Design and construction EN 13445-2, Unfired pressure vessels - Part 2: Materials EN 13445-3:2009, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 3: Design EN 13445-4, Unfired pressure vessels - Part 4: Fabrication BS 4025:201 3+A1 :201 BS EN EN 14025:2013+A1:2016 EN 14025:2013+A1:2016 (E) E N 14025:2013+A1:201 (E) EN 13445-8, Unfired pressure vessels - Part 8: Additional requirements for pressure vessels of aluminium and aluminium alloys EN ISO 3834-1, Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials — Part : Criteria for the selection of the appropriate level of quality requirements (ISO 3834-1 ) EN ISO 3834-2, Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials — Part 2: Comprehensive quality requirements (ISO 3834-2) EN ISO 4136, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Transverse tensile test (ISO 41 36) EN ISO 5173, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Bend tests (ISO 5173) EN ISO 5817, Welding — Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded) — Quality levels for imperfections (ISO 5817) EN ISO 9606-2, Qualification test of welders — Fusion welding — Part 2: Aluminium and aluminium alloys (ISO 9606-2) EN ISO 9712, Non destructive testing — Qualification and certification of NDT personnel (ISO 9712) EN ISO 10042, Welding — Arc-welded joints in aluminium and its alloys — Quality levels for imperfections (ISO 0042) EN ISO 15607, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — General rules (ISO 5607) EN ISO 15609-1, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Welding procedure specification — Part : Arc welding (ISO 5609-1 ) EN ISO 15609-3, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Welding procedures specification — Part 3: Electron beam welding (ISO 5609-3) EN ISO 15609-4, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Welding procedure specification — Part 4: Laser beam welding (ISO 5609-4) EN ISO 15613, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Qualification based on pre-production welding test (ISO 5613) EN ISO 15614-1, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Welding procedure test — Part 1: Arc and gas welding of steels and arc welding of nickel and nickel alloys (ISO 561 4-1 ) EN ISO 15614-2, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Welding procedure test — Part 2: Arc welding of aluminium and its alloys (ISO 1561 4-2) EN ISO 17635, Non-destructive testing of welds — General rules for metallic materials (ISO 7635) EN ISO 17637, Non-destructive testing of welds — Visual testing of fusion-welded joints (ISO 7637) EN ISO 17640, Non-destructive testing of welds — Ultrasonic testing — Techniques, testing levels, and assessment (ISO 7640) BSEN EN14025:2013+A1:2016 4025:201 3+A1 :201 BS EN 14025:2013+A1:2016 (E) E N 14025:2013+A1:2016 (E) ISO 1496-3, Series freight containers — Specification and testing — Part 3: Tank containers for liquids, gases and pressurized dry bulk ISO 7005-1, Pipe flanges — Part : Steel flanges for industrial and general service piping systems Terms, definitions and symbols 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following term and definition applies 3.1.1 pressure-tank tank as defined in the international regulations for the transport of dangerous goods by road or rail having a maximum working pressure or a test pressure exceeding 50 kPa (0,5 bar) 3.2 Symbols The following general symbols are used throughout the text They are listed in alphabetical order and special symbols are explained with the relevant formulae Additional symbols used in the text are explained in: RID/ADR Chapter 6.8 RID/ADR Chapter 6.7 A minimum elongation at fracture of the metal chosen under tensile stress in % di inside diameter of an opening D internal diameter of shell in mm DC mean diameter of the cylindrical part of the tank at the junction of a cone De outside diameter of the cylindrical part of the tank or the straight flange of the dished end Di e inside diameter of the cylindrical part of Di diameter of the shell (in m), but not less than the tank or the straight flange of dished 1,80 m end minimum required wall thickness (in mm) of the shell e0 minimum shell thickness for mild steel in mm, according to 6.8.2.1.18 and 6.8.2.19 of RID/ADR e1 minimum shell thickness for the metal chosen in mm ek wall thickness of a conical part of a shell eR wall thickness of a hemispherical end E Young's modulus fd nominal design stress (allowable stress) h inside height of an ellipsoidal dished end K shape factor of ellipsoidal ends MWP maximum working pressure, in MPa p design pressure, in MPa p dyn equivalent dynamic pressure MAWP maximum allowable working pressure, in MPa P design pressure, in MPa BS 4025:201 3+A1 :201 BS EN EN 14025:2013+A1:2016 EN 14025:2013+A1:2016 (E) E N 14025:2013+A1:201 (E) p test p vap test pressure, in MPa vapour pressure at 50 °C or at the design Pvap1 vapour pressure of the substance at 65 °C temperature, whichever is the higher; to be (according to 6.7.2.1 of RID/ADR) taken as the numerical value of the Pvap2 vapour pressure of the non-refrigerated absolute pressure liquefied gas depends on the portable tank type (according to 6.7.3.1 of RID/ADR) Pc calculation pressure in MPa as specified 6.8.2.1.14 of RID/ADR PT test pressure in MPA in r inner knuckle radius, in mm R inside spherical radius of the central part of a torispherical end Re guaranteed (upper) minimum yield strength or guaranteed minimum 0,2 % proof strength, in N/mm² (for austenitic steel the % proof strength may be chosen) Re,t guaranteed (upper) minimum yield strength or guaranteed minimum 0,2 % proof strength, at the relevant design temperature, in N/mm² (for austenitic steel the % proof strength at the relevant design temperature may be chosen) Rm guaranteed minimum tensile strength, in N/mm² Rm1 minimum tensile strength of the metal chosen in N/mm Rm,t guaranteed minimum tensile strength at the relevant design temperature, in N/mm² σ permissible stress in N/mm , as defined in 6.8.2.1.16 of RID/ADR S safety factor λ welding coefficient Materials 4.1 General The tank shell shall be fabricated from metallic materials which shall be resistant to brittle fracture and of adequate impact strength within the design temperature range The material shall be suitable for forming EN 13445-2 and -8 apply and the minimum material requirements given in RID/ADR Chapter 6.8 and Chapter 6.7 shall be fulfilled RID/ADR Chapter 6.8 RID/ADR Chapter 6.7 Aluminium may only be used for the shells of portable tanks when indicated in a portable tank special provision assigned to a specific substance in Column (11) of Table A of Chapter 3.2 RID/ADR or when approved by the competent authority NOTE For aluminium and aluminium alloys, see also EN 14286 NOTE RID/ADR restrict the use of materials with respect to the maximum yield and tensile strength of finegrained steel for welded shells, maximum ratios of yield/tensile strength for welded steel shells and of the minimum elongation at fracture for welded fine- grained other steel and aluminium shells BS 4025:201 3+A1 :201 BS EN EN 14025:2013+A1:2016 EN 14025:2013+A1:2016 (E) E N 14025:2013+A1:2016 (E) Calculating β e using Formulae (6) to (14) X= r = D 2300 i Y= ( = 5, e R; / 0,1 = 0, ) ; ( = 0, ) 0, 0 848 Z= log10 (1 / Y) = log10 (1 / 0,0027) = log10 370,4 = 2,569 N= 1, 0 − + 6, β = e ,1 = = β = e 0, = = β e = ( − (90 0,1 3 0, ( - Y Z + × m ax { 0, ( 0, m ax { 0, ( 0, m ax { 0, X 3,1 β ) 2, + ( × 1, Z + 6, 5 − − 1, 1, - + ( e 0, × X 2, × × Z+ 0, 0 ) 0, ) 2, + Y 0, 0 - 0,1 ) (90 1, 3, - 0, ) 1, = × 2, + 0, ) 1, − ) ; 0, 2, × } 0, 0 ) ; 0, } = 0,526 ( 0, 5 ) ; 0, } [ ( 0, - 0,1 ) + 1, Y− × − = 1,006 – 0,161 = 0,845 6, 0,1 3 - − 1, 0 ) 0, [ ( 0, - = ey = N = β ] e 0, , + ( 0,1 - 0,1 ) × 0, ] = 0,769 0,769 × 3,79 = 2,91 mm The largest value of ey, es and eb has to be chosen emin = eb = 3,60 mm A.5.3 Example for the dimensioning of an internal partition (of korbboden type with a wall thickness chosen of e = 8,0 mm) loaded by an external (test) pressure of p t = 0,4 MPa , according to 8.3 using 8.8.2 an 8.7 of EN 13445-3:2009 a) P y = σ ⋅ ×e e R a = c) P m P = P m y 46 , 21 = 76 × = 1, N /m m E× e R R p , /t 1, , 21 = = × 220 1, = 4, 5 = 2, 76 N / m m 200000 1, (Formula 8.7.1-1 of EN 13445-3:2009) 848 having used σ e = b) × 848 × 2 8, = 4, 53 (Formula 8.7.1-2 of EN 13445-3:2009) BSEN EN14025:2013+A1:2016 4025:201 3+A1 :201 BS EN 14025:2013+A1:2016 (E) E N 14025:2013+A1:2016 (E) Pr = 0, 433 Py from curve in Figure 8.5-5 of EN 13445-3:2009 Pr = 0, 433 × Py = 0, 433 × 1,524 = 0, 659 With these results formula 8.7.1-3 of EN 13445-3:2009 is fulfilled: Ptest = 0, MPa ≤ 0, 659 / 1,1 = Pr / S = 0, MPa (Formula 8.7.1-3 of EN 13445-3:2009) (having used S = 1,1 for testing conditions) A.6 Calculation according to branch D NOTE To establish the minimum wall thickness according to this standard under operating conditions A.6.1 Checking Formula (1) for the cylindrical shell of the tank and comparison of the dynamic loads with the maximum working pressure MWP e= p × Di fd × λ S − p 1) with p = MWP = 0,3 MPa and fd for austenitic steels with A > 35 %(at 100 °C) fd = max {Re,t/1,5 ; (Re,t/1,2; Rm,t/3)} = max {199/1,5 ; min(199/1,2;430/3)} = max {133 ; (166 ; 143)} = 143 N/mm² λ = 0,8 e = 0,3 × 2300 = 3,02 mm × 43 × 0,8 - 0,3 2) with p = (p vap – bar) + p dyn p vap = 0,2 N/mm² In this example, for calculating p dyn inner partitions are not taken into consideration p dyn = ( GW - T ) × × g 30000 × × 9,81 kg m/ s N [ ] = 41 669 [ ] = 0,1 42 MPa = 2 A 2,3 m m2 p× p = (0,2 - 0,1)+ 0,142 = 0,242 MPa < MWP = 0,3 MPa (not relevant) A.6.2 Checking Formulae (3) to (5) for a dished end of korbbogen type (for internal pressure) with R = 1848 mm, r = 355,74 mm and λ =1,0 for p = MWP = 0,3 MPa and fd = 143 N/mm² (see above) Formula (4): es = p×R 0,3 × 848 = 1,94 mm = fd × λ S − 0,5 p × 43 × − 0,5 × 0,3 47 BS 4025:201 3+A1 :201 BS EN EN 14025:2013+A1:2016 EN 14025:2013+A1:2016 (E) E N 14025:2013+A1:2016 (E) Formula (5): p d 0, 825 eb = ( 0,75 × R + 0, × Di ) i 1 fd r (32 ) 0, 825 0,3 2300 = ( 0,75 × 848 + 0, × 2300 ) 1 × 43 355,74 (32 ) = 3,65 mm Formula (3); (for βe see calculation according to branch C): p ( 0,75 × R + 0, × Di ) 0,3 × ( 0,75 × 848 + 0, × 2300 ) = 0,769 × fd 43 ey = β e = 0,769 × 3,79 = 2,98 mm For emin the largest value of ey, es and eb has to be chosen emin = eb = 3,65 mm A.6.3 Example for the dimensioning of the internal partition (of korbboden type with a wall thickness chosen of e = 8,0 mm, see A.5.3) loaded (from the 'external' side) by the maximum working pressure of MWP = 0,3 MPa , according to 8.3 using 8.8.2 and 8.7 of EN 13445-3:2009 a) Py = σ e × ea × 32,8 × = 1,1 50 N/mm = R 848 having used σ e = b) Pm = c) ,21 E × e R2 Rp0,2/t 1, 25 = = (Formula 8.7.1-1 of EN 13445-3:2009) 66 = 32,8 N/ mm 1, 25 ,21 × 95 000 × 8,0 848 = 4, 422 (Formula 8.7.1-2 of EN 13445-3:2009) Pm 4, 422 = = 3,845 Py 1,1 50 Pr = 0,5 Py from curve in Figure 8.5-5 of EN 13445-3:2009 Pr = 0,5 × Py = 0,5 × 1,1 50 = 0,575 With these results formula 8.7.1-3 of EN 13445-3:2009 is fulfilled: P = 0,3 MPa ≤ 0,575 / 1,5 = Pr / S = 0,383 MPa (Formula 8.7.1-3 of EN 13445-3:2009) (having used S = 1,5 for operating conditions) A.6.4 Checking Formulae (8.5.2-4) to (8.5.2-8) of EN 13445-3:2009 for the cylindrical shell of the tank between stiffeners (Calculation for external pressure according to 6.4 of this standard) 48 BSEN EN14025:2013+A1:2016 4025:201 3+A1 :201 BS EN 14025:2013+A1:2016 (E) E N 14025:2013+A1:2016 (E) A.6.4.1 With stiffeners flat bar 46 × (A S = 368 mm²; IS = 64891 mm³) and (using the results so far achieved): — Rp0,2/t = 166 N/mm² ; — e = 3,65 mm ; — LH = 195 000 N/mm² ; v = 0,3 2307,3 mm + × 0, × h' Lcyl = Da = E= = 5000 + × 0, × 591 ≈ 368 mm (according to Table 8.5-1 of EN 13445-3:2009) — p = 0,04 MPa (value taken in accordance with the IMDG-Code for tanks without a vacuum valve) A.6.4.2 Checking the cylindrical shell between the stiffeners σe = Rp0,2/t / 1,25 = 166 / 1,25 = 132, N/mm² Py = Pm = σ e × ea R E × ea = ×e R (Formula 8.4.3-1 of EN 13445-3:2009) 32,8 × 3, 65 = 0,421 MPa 1 51,83 = (Formula 8.5.2-4 of EN 13445-3:2009) 95000 × 3, 65 × 0,0001 43 = 0,0884 MPa 1 51,83 (Formula 8.5.2-5 of EN 13445-3:2009) using e= n cyl Z −1 + n2 cyl + Z 3:2009) Z = ncyl p ⋅R L = 10 = p × 1 51,83 368 + ea ( R −n )( ncyl −1 + Z2 ) = 0,000143 = 2,6531 (Formula 8.5.2-6 of EN 13445- (Formula 8.5.2-7 of EN 13445-3:2009) (from Figure 8.5-4 of EN 13445-3:2009) or calculated to minimise the value of Pm ) wih Pm / Py = 0,0884 / 0,421 = 0,2100 from curve in Figure 8.5-5 Pr / Py = 0,105 is derived.; that leads to allowable P = Pr / k = 0,1 05 × 0, 421 / 1,1 = 0,04 MPa A.6.4.3 =ˆ actual p = 0,04 MPa Checking whether interstiffener collapse can occur According to 8.5.3.4 of EN 13445-3:2009 Py shall be calculated as follows: Py = σ e × ea R (1 − γ × G ) (Formula 8.5.3-15 of EN 13445-3:2009) 49 BS 4025:201 3+A1 :201 BS EN EN 14025:2013+A1:2016 EN 14025:2013+A1:2016 (E) E N 14025:2013+A1:2016 (E) in which n 1− 2 γ = ( Am + w × ea ) (1 + B ) Am (Formula 8.5.3-16 of EN 13445-3:2009) where R2 = R2 s Am (Formula 8.5.3-17 of EN 13445-3:2009) ea × N δ ( Am + w × ea ) = B A s 1, 28 δ = = R × ea (Formula 8.5.3-18 of EN 13445-3:2009) 1, 28 = 0,0197 1 51, 83 × 3, 65 (Formula 8.5.3-20 of EN 13445-3:2009) For δ × L = 0,0197 × 1368 = 26,95 > 5,5 from Table 8.5-2 of EN 13445-3:2009 N = and G = are obtained, which leads to Py = σ e × ea R A.6.4.4 and the same result as obtained under A.6.3.2 Design of the stiffeners according to 8.5.3.6 of EN 13445-3:2009 — Design against elastic instability Pg = E × ea R with n = Ie ( ) n −1 E × Ie R × Ls (Formula (8.5.3-24 of EN 13445-3:2009) (other values for n lead to nondetermining results) (Formula 8.5.3-25 of EN 13445-3:2009) 2 p R LH n −1 + n + 1 LH p R p × 1 51 ,83 5471,7 − + 4 + 1 p × 1 51,83 5471 ,7 2 = in which 50 + β = = ×β ea 2 × Le e + Is + As a + λ (R − Rs ) − Ae × X e2 2 = 0,465 × 10 -4 (Formula 8.5.3-26 of EN 13445-3:2009) BSEN EN14025:2013+A1:2016 4025:201 3+A1 :201 BS EN 14025:2013+A1:2016 (E) E N 14025:2013+A1:2016 (E) R × ea Y1 = Le Y3 × x + + Y2 × x2 with x e 3, 65 = n a = × R R = 0,0507 and (Formula 8.5.3-35 of EN 13445-3:2009) Y1 , Y2 and Y3 determined from Table 8.5-3 of EN 13445-3:2009 using u LS = = R × ea 368 = 21,098 > 4,1 1 51,83 × 3,65 (Formula 8.5.3-36 of EN 13445-3:2009) Y1 = 1,556 + 0,183 / u = 1,5647 Y2 = 1,2, Y3 = 0,65 + 1,5 / u = 0,721 1,5647 1 51 ,83 × 3,65 Le = Ae = 0,721 × 0,0507 + + 1, × 0,0507 = 99,57 mm As + ea × Le = 368 + 3,65 × 99,57 = 731,43 mm e a Xe = L + A ea + λ (R − R ) s s e 2 (Formula 8.5.3-30 of EN 13445-3:2009) Ae 3, 65 3, 65 × 99,57 + 368 × + × (1 51,83 − 1 27 ) = 731, 43 = 14,32 mm with λ = + for internal stiffeners (Formulae 8.5.3-27 and 8.5.3-28 of EN 13445-3:2009) Ie = Pg = 3, 65 × 99,57 3, 65 + 64891 + 368 × + × (1 51 ,83 − 1 27 ) − 731, 43 × 4,32 = 178074 mm ( ) 95000 × 3, 65 × 0, 465 × − 42 − × 95000 × 78074 = 0,278 MPa + 1 51 ,83 1 51,83 × 368 with Sf = 1,33 for cold bent stiffeners (i.e with high residual stresses) and S = k = 1,1 according to 6.4.2.1 of this standard this leads to allowable P = Pg Sf ×S = 0, 278 = 0,190 MPa 1,33 × ,1 (Formula 8.5.3-31 of EN 13445-3:2009) 51 BS 4025:201 3+A1 :201 BS EN EN 14025:2013+A1:2016 EN 14025:2013+A1:2016 (E) E N 14025:2013+A1:2016 (E) which is greater than actual p = 0,04 MPa — Maximum stresses in the stiffeners The maximum stress in the stiffener is given by ( ) P × σ es E × d 0,005 n − P × S × Sf + Pys R Pg − P × S × Sf σ s = S × Sf where ( Rp , /t,s (Formula 8.5.3-46 of EN 13445-3:2009) ) 66 = 132,8 N/mm² 1, 25 (Formula 8.4.3-2 of EN 13445-3:2009) e d = max λ (R − R f ) − X e + a ; X e (Formula 8.5.3-49 of EN 13445-3:2009) 02 σ es = 1, 25 = 2 = max pys 3, 65 × (1 51 ,83 − 1 04,0 ) − 4,31 + ; 4,31 = max {35,35 ; 14,31} = 35,35 mm Am 1+ N × ea wi × ea + R 1− δ 2 σ × e × Rf = es a n 2 32,8 × 3, 65 × 1 04,0 = 0,3 1 51 ,83 × − (Formula 8.5.3-47 of EN 13445-3:2009) 384,39 1+ = 0,932 N/mm² × × 3, 65 × 3, 65 + 0,01 97 and all other values as already calculated above ( ) 0,04 × 32,8 95000 × 35,35 × 0,005 − × 0,04 × 1,1 × 1,33 = 8,34 + 20,78 = 29,1 N/mm² + 1 51,83 (0, 276 − 0,04 × 1,1 × 1,33 ) 0,932 σ s = 1,1 × 1,33 which is smaller than allowable σ es = 132,8 N/mm² — Checking of stiffener tripping for a flat bar according to 8.5.3.8.2 of EN 13445-3:2009 It shall be: σi > P ⋅ σ es Pys (Formula 8.5.3-65 of EN 13445-3:2009) where σ i is obtained from Table 8.5-4 of EN 13445-3:2009 d / R = 46 / 1151,83 = 0,0399 to n = (σ / E) × (d / ew)² = 0,130 σ = 0,130 × E / (d / ew)² = 0,130 × 195000 / (46 / 8)² = 766,72 N/mm² With that the requirement mentioned above is fulfilled: 52 766,72 0,04 × 32,8 ; 191,68 > 5,700 > 0,932 BSEN EN14025:2013+A1:2016 4025:201 3+A1 :201 BS EN 14025:2013+A1:2016 (E) E N 14025:2013+A1:2016 (E) A.6.5 Checking Formulae (8.7.1-1) to (8.7.1-3) of EN 13445-3:2009 for the dished end of the tank (Calculation for external pressure according to 6.4 of this standard) a) P y = σ ⋅ ×e e R × a = c) P , 21 = m × 3, R E× e R p , /T 1, × , 21 = = 66 1, 95 000 P = P 0, 5 y P= P = 0, m (Formula 8.7.1-1 of EN 13445-3:2009) = 0, 5 N /m m 848 having used σ e = b) 2, = × (Formula 8.7.1-2 of EN 13445-3:2009) 2, N /m m 3, = 0, M Pa 848 1, from curve in Figure 8.5-5 of EN 13445-3:2009 r 0, y P= r 0, ×P y = × 0, 0, 5 = 0,1 With these results Formula 8.7.1-3 of EN 13445-3:2009 is fulfilled: P= 0, ≤ M Pa S (having used / =P S= 0,1 ,1 k= = r / 0,1 M P a (Formula 8.7.1-3 of EN 13445-3:2009) according to 6.4.3 of this standard) 1,1 A.6.6 Calculation of a reinforcement for the manhole opening; chosen is a neckring (set on pad, 200 mm × mm) according to Figure A.2 with l = 150 mm A D l = ps d + i m = e [ ]l = A d (l + e ) = b 40 b pb = ( 500 + )× = = p m A + ps (2 r A pb =l × p A fb m ( e p m = (l + e b ) 3, −e m 1, ×e × = ) )× e b = 1, + + (2 1, =( = 51 5 6, 6 m m 0, m m ( m + 5 6, 6 m0 A m = 0, 2 +e im = e ×l = fp = m A fm 500 i A 2300 × 0, = 3, × 460 1 50 = + 460 m m 41 m m 3, ) × 3, = 8 5, = 1, m m (according to Formula (33)) 3 3, m m ( 7, + )= 3, − 3, ) )× = = 3 3, m m (according to Formula (39)) 2 9, m m The relationship given in Formula (37) has to be fulfilled; 53 BS 4025:201 3+A1 :201 BS EN EN 14025:2013+A1:2016 EN 14025:2013+A1:2016 (E) E N 14025:2013+A1:2016 (E) [ )] ( ( p × Ap + 0,5 Afm + Afb + Afp ≤ fd × Afm + fd, b × Afb + fd, p × Afp ) For operating conditions with p = MWP = 0,3 MPa and fd = 143 N/mm (see A.6.1) 0,3 × [41 01 + 0,5 (333,31 + 269, + 333,31 )] ≤ 0,3 × [41 484 ] = 23 745 ≤ fulfilled (1 43 × 333,31 + 43 × 269, + 43 × 333,31 ) (1 43 × 333,31 + 43 × 269,2 + 43 × 333,31 ) = 33 822 ; the condition is For testing conditions with p = p t = 0,4 MPa and fd = 195 N/mm (see A.5.1) 0, × [41 01 + 0,5 (333,31 + 269, + 333,31 )] ≤ 0, × [41 484 ] = 64 993 fulfilled ≤ (1 95 × 333,31 + 95 × 269, + 95 × 333,31 ) (1 95 × 333,31 + 95 × 269,2 + 95 × 333,31 ) = 82 484 ; the condition is The reinforcement chosen for the manhole opening is sufficient Figure A.2 — Example for a manhole opening 500 mm x 150 mm with neckring 200 mm x mm as reinforcement A.7 Results As minimum wall thickness for the cylindrical part of the shell the largest value for e resulting from calculations according to branches A to D has to be taken: emin = max {A; B; C; D} = max {2,95; 3,64; 2,95; 3,02} = 3,64 mm 54 BSEN EN14025:2013+A1:2016 4025:201 3+A1 :201 BS EN 14025:2013+A1:2016 (E) E N 14025:2013+A1:2016 (E) As minimum wall thickness for the dished end the largest value for e resulting from calculations according to branches A to D has to be taken: emin = max {A; B; C; D} = max {2,95; 3,64; 3,60; 3,65} = 3,65 mm All results are listed in Table A.1 Table A.1 — Results of sample calculation (wall thickness e in mm; X not applicable) B A C D fd permissible stress / safety factor R R 0, m , 75 e (1 for austenitic steels with A > 35 % ) R R 0, Rm ; A m 0, 75 e (1 m ax ) R e, t / 1, RR ( e, t / ,2 ; m, t / 3) (λ = 0,8) for the shell and (λ = 1,0) for the dished end ( λ = 0,8) T =20 °C T =100 °C and MWP a 3,64 2,95 3,02 X X X for 3,65 b, c okay dished end internal pressure 2,95 3,64 3,60 3,65 dished end external pressure X X X 3,65 is okay manhole opening neck ring (set in pad) X X reinforcement okay reinforcement okay internal partition (dished end) X X 8,00 d 8,00 e checked for T =20 °C cylindrical shell internal pressure 2,95 cylindrical shell external pressure a Design temperature T = 20 °C and load case [(p vap – bar) + p dyn] are not applicable b With σe = R p0,2, 100°C / 1,25 according to EN 13445-3:2009 and a safety factor of S = 1,1 according to 6.4.3 c With stiffeners flat bar 46 x ; ℓ = 1368 mm d With σe = R p0,2, 20°C / 1,25 according to EN 13445-3:2009 and a safety factor of 1,1 for testing conditions e With σe = R p0,2, 100°C / 1,25 according to EN 13445-3:2009 and a safety factor of 1,5 for operating conditions 55 BS 4025:201 3+A1 :201 BS EN EN 14025:2013+A1:2016 EN 14025:2013+A1:2016 (E) E N 14025:2013+A1:2016 (E) ! Annex B (informative) Explosion pressure shock resistant design of tanks B.1 Tanks are explosion pressure shock resistant if they are designed and constructed in such a way that these tanks are able to resist an explosion pressure occurring due to an internal explosion without bursting Permanent deformations are permissible The explosion pressure relevant for the proof of the explosion shock resistance depends on the ignition characteristics of the inflammable substance and on the internal initial pressure at which an ignition takes place Concerning tanks for the transport of inflammable substances it has to be assumed that an interference-related ignition occurs outside the tank causing an explosion running via an operationally free opening (unclosed tank opening) inside the tank The initial pressure inside the tank can be set equal to the atmospheric pressure of 000 mbar, therefore Among all substances examined so far ) at an initial pressure of 000 mbar a mixture of 8,0 (volume)% ethylene in air exhibits the highest value for the explosion pressure of 9,7 bar (absolute) B.2 A tank is considered to be explosion pressure shock resistant if the tank design will be examined experimentally, mainly by carrying out successfully an explosion test with a specimen of that design under atmospheric conditions applying a gas/air-mixture as mentioned above B.3 Furthermore a tank is considered to be explosion pressure shock resistant if the calculation of all pressure bearing parts of the tank will be carried out on the basis of the maximum explosion pressure (i.e 9,7 bar (absolute) at least) following the requirements of this European Standard Due to the high ductility of the tank materials assigned (elongation at rupture in accordance with 6.8.2.1.12 and 6.8.3.1.1 RID/ADR) and with respect to EN 14460:2006, 6.1, first paragraph, the calculation pressure shall be 8,7 bar / 1,5 as a load case in operating conditions Partitions can be regarded as explosion shock resistant on the adherence to the following conditions also, even if the calculation would result in a higher wall thickness than those of the cylindrical part of the tank: the cylindrical part and partitions have to be manufactured from uniform material; the wall thickness has to be appropriate for a test pressure of at least bar; the wall thickness has to be not smaller than the wall thickness of the cylindrical part which results from its explosion pressure shock resistant design; the partition shall be tested with a test pressure of 8,7 bar on its convex side (that means outer pressure to the partition) within the framework of the type approval B.4 A tank is considered as explosion pressure shock resistant, too, if it is proven that the tank is able to withstand a hydraulic pressure test carried out at a test pressure equal to 1,3 times the maximum explosion pressure (i.e 9,7 bar (absolute) at least) without bursting 1) Substances which are inclined to a spontaneous decomposition have to be excluded from the application of the measures mentioned above 56 BSEN EN14025:2013+A1:2016 4025:201 3+A1 :201 BS EN 14025:2013+A1:2016 (E) E N 14025:2013+A1:2016 (E) B.5 Verifications according to B.3 and B.4 can be applied only for tanks without installations which decrease the tank cross section considerably (like surge plates in particular) which can lead to a further increase of explosion pressure and effect " 57 BS 4025:201 3+A1 :201 BS EN EN 14025:2013+A1:2016 EN 14025:2013+A1:2016 (E) E N 14025:2013+A1:2016 (E) Bibliography [1] EN 571-1, Non destructive testing — Penetrant testing — Part : General principles [2] EN 1708-1, Welding — Basic weld joint details in steel — Part : Pressurized components [3] EN 10028-7, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes - Part 7: Stainless steels [4] EN 12285-1:2003, Workshop fabricated steel tanks - Part : Horizontal cylindrical single skin and double skin tanks for the underground storage of flammable and non-flammable water polluting liquids [5] EN 13530-1, Cryogenic vessels - Large transportable vacuum insulated vessels - Part : Fundamental requirements [6] EN 13530-2, Cryogenic vessels - Large transportable vacuum insulated vessels - Part 2: Design, fabrication, inspection and testing [7] EN 14286, Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Weldable rolled products for tanks for the storage and transportation of dangerous goods [8] ! EN 14460:2006, Explosion resistant equipmentand update the following items " [9] EN ISO 17638, Non-destructive testing of welds — Magnetic particle testing (ISO 7638) [10] RID — Regulations concerning the international carriage of dangerous goods by rail [11] ADR — European agreement concerning the international carriage of dangerous goods by road [12] Directive 2010/35/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 June 201 on transportable pressure equipment and repealing Council Directives 76/767/EEC, 84/525/EEC, 84/526/EEC, 84/527/EEC and 999/36/EC, OJ L 165, 30.6.2010, p 1-18 58 This page deliberately left blank NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW British Standards Institution (BSI) BSI is the national body responsible for preparing British Standards and other standards-related publications, information and services BSI is incorporated by Royal Charter British Standards and other standardization products are published by BSI Standards 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