BS EN 13848-4:2011 BSI Standards Publication Railway applications — Track — Track geometry quality Part 4: Measuring systems — Manual and lightweight devices BS EN 13848-4:2011 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 13848-4:2011 The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RAE/2, Railway Applications - Track A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application © The British Standards Institution 2012 ISBN 978 580 69073 ICS 93.100 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2012 Amendments issued since publication Date Text affected BS EN 13848-4:2011 EN 13848-4 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM December 2011 ICS 93.100 English Version Railway applications - Track - Track geometry quality - Part 4: Measuring systems - Manual and lightweight devices Applications ferroviaires - Voie - Qualité géométrique de la voie - Partie 4: Systèmes de mesure - Dispositifs manuels et de faible poids Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Qualität der Gleisgeometrie - Teil 4: Messsysteme - Handgeführte und leichte Vorrichtungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on November 2011 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels © 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members Ref No EN 13848-4:2011: E BS EN 13848-4:2011 EN 13848-4:2011 (E) Contents Page Foreword 4 Scope 5 Normative references 5 Terms and definitions 5 Symbols and abbreviations 7 5.1 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.3 5.3.1 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.4 5.4.1 5.4.2 5.4.3 5.5 5.5.1 5.5.2 5.6 5.6.1 5.6.2 5.7 5.7.1 5.7.2 5.8 5.8.1 5.8.2 5.9 5.9.1 5.9.2 Track geometry measuring system fitted on trolleys or on manually operated devices .8 Introduction 8 General description .8 General description: TGMT 8 General description: MOD 9 Environmental conditions 10 Introduction 10 Climatic conditions 10 Operating conditions 10 Track features input 10 General 10 Track features input: TGMT 11 Track features input: MOD 11 Data localisation 11 Data localisation: TGMT 11 Data localisation: MOD 11 Measuring system/device 12 Measuring system/device: TGMT 12 Measuring system/device: MOD 12 Data processing 13 Data processing: TGMT 13 Data processing: MOD 13 Data output 13 Data output: TGMT 13 Data output: MOD 14 Data storage 14 Data storage: TGMT 14 Data storage: MOD 14 6.1 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.1.3 6.1.4 6.2 6.2.1 6.2.2 6.2.3 6.2.4 Testing of track geometry measuring system 14 Testing: TGMT 14 General 14 Calibration 15 Validation tests 15 Routine validation 17 Testing: MOD 17 Introduction 17 Calibration 18 Validation tests 18 Routine validation 18 Annex A (normative) Parameters measured by track geometry measuring trolleys (TGMTs) and manually operated devices (MODs) 19 A.1 Introduction 19 A.2 Track gauge 20 BS EN 13848-4:2011 EN 13848-4:2011 (E) A.3 A.4 A.5 A.6 Longitudinal level 21 Cross level 22 Alignment 23 Twist 24 Annex B (informative) Principles of measurement 25 B.1 General description 25 B.2 Longitudinal level and alignment (TGMT only) 25 B.2.1 Chord measuring system 25 B.2.2 Inertial measuring system 25 B.3 Track gauge 26 B.4 Cross level 26 B.5 Twist 26 Annex C (normative) TGMT / Description of field tests: values to be respected 27 C.1 Repeatability – Statistical analysis of parameter data 27 C.2 Reproducibility – Statistical analysis of parameter data 27 Bibliography 29 BS EN 13848-4:2011 EN 13848-4:2011 (E) Foreword This document (EN 13848-4:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2012 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights This European Standard is one of the series EN 13848 “Railway applications – Track – Track geometry quality” as listed below: Part 1: Characterisation of track geometry; Part 2: Measuring systems – Track recording vehicles; Part 3: Measuring systems – Track construction and maintenance machines; Part 4: Measuring systems – Manual and lightweight devices; Part 5: Geometric quality levels – Plain line; Part 6: Characterisation of geometric quality According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom BS EN 13848-4:2011 EN 13848-4:2011 (E) Scope This part of this European Standard specifies the minimum requirements that shall be met by measuring systems fitted on track geometry measuring trolleys and manually operated devices to give an evaluation of track geometry quality when measuring one or more of the parameters described in EN 138481:2003+A1:2008 It sets out the acceptable differences from EN 13848-1:2003+A1:2008 when using track geometry measuring trolleys and manually operated devices to measure track geometry It applies to all track geometry measuring systems fitted to track geometry measuring trolleys and manually operated devices after the date of implementation of this standard Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies EN 13848-1:2003+A1:2008, Railway applications – Track – Track geometry quality – Part 1: Characterisation of track geometry EN 13848-2:2006, Railway applications – Track – Track geometry quality – Part 2: Measuring systems – Track recording vehicles EN 13848-5:2008+A1:2010, Railway applications – Track – Track geometry quality – Part 5: Geometric quality levels – Plain line Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply 3.1 track geometry measuring trolley (TGMT) trolley designed for measuring one or more track geometry parameters, having the following characteristics: self-propelled, hauled or moved by human force; portability (capability to be placed readily on or off the track manually or by other means); capability of measuring from standstill to the maximum permissible speed of the trolley; having wheels which not load the track as defined in Clause of EN 13848-1:2003+A1:2008 3.2 manually operated device (MOD) hand tool designed for measuring track gauge and/or cross level at standstill 3.3 sensor device which detects, measures and translates characteristics of track geometry into quantities that can be used for further data processing BS EN 13848-4:2011 EN 13848-4:2011 (E) 3.4 measuring direction course between two points on a track, independent of orientation of the TGMT Between two given points A and B, there are two opposite directions: A to B and B to A 3.5 orientation physical positioning of a TGMT, with regards to which end of the TGMT is leading or trailing 3.6 repeatability degree of agreement between the values of successive measurements of the same parameter made under the same conditions, within a short period of time, where the individual measurements are carried out on the same section of track using the self-same measurement device and interpretation methods, subject to the following: similar speed; same measuring direction; same TGMT orientation; similar environmental conditions 3.7 reproducibility degree of agreement between the values of successive measurements of the same parameter made under varying conditions, within a short period of time, where the individual measurements are carried out on the same section of track using the self-same measurement device and interpretation methods, subject to one or more of the following: variation of speed; different measuring directions; different TGMT orientations, if TGMT is designed to measure in both orientations; different environmental conditions 3.8 validation set of tests for determining whether the TGMT or MOD complies with the requirements of this standard 3.9 calibration set of procedures for adjusting the TGMT or MOD in order to meet the requirements of this standard 3.10 event record of a track or line-side feature that can be either technical, physical or natural 3.11 localisation information required to locate events and the measured track geometry BS EN 13848-4:2011 EN 13848-4:2011 (E) 3.12 reference track track with known characteristics, to allow adequate testing of the track geometry measuring and recording system 3.13 transfer function refer to Annex A of EN 13848-2:2006 3.14 resolution smallest change in the value of a quantity to be measured which produces a detectable change in the indication of the measuring instrument 3.15 uncertainty refer to ENV 13005:1999, 2.3.5 3.16 re-colouring algorithm which converts one signal into a different signal It is used in EN 13848 series to convert a chord measurement signal into a D1, D2 or D3 measurement signal Symbols and abbreviations For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and abbreviations apply Table — Symbols and abbreviations No Symbol Designation Unit D1 Wavelength range m < λ ≤ 25 m m D2 Wavelength range 25 m < λ ≤ 70 m m D3 Wavelength range 70 m < λ ≤ 150 m for longitudinal level m Wavelength range 70 m < λ ≤ 200 m for alignment Lo Lower limit of wavelength range D1, D2, D3 m Lu Upper limit of wavelength range D1, D2, D3 m λ Wavelength m l Twist base-length m TGMT Track geometry measuring trolley MOD Manually operated device BS EN 13848-4:2011 EN 13848-4:2011 (E) Track geometry measuring system fitted on trolleys or on manually operated devices 5.1 Introduction This standard concerns only the track geometry measuring systems installed on trolleys or on manually operated devices used to measure one or more of the parameters described in EN 13848-1:2003+A1:2008 5.2 General description 5.2.1 General description: TGMT For the purposes of this document, the track geometry measuring system fitted on TGMTs is divided into several units as represented in Figure below: TRACK FEATURES INPUT (5.4.2) DATA LOCALISATION (5.5.1) MEASURING SYSTEM / DEVICE (5.6.1) DATA PROCESSING (5.7.1) DATA OUTPUT (5.8.1) DATA STORAGE (5.9.1) Figure — TGMT Track geometry measuring system The track geometry measuring system installed on a TGMT is intended to: measure track geometry parameters; measure the longitudinal distance between measuring operations; associate the precise location to the measured data; process the measured data, preferably on site, in order to analyse the track geometry parameters; record these parameters on computer readable media or on paper BS EN 13848-4:2011 EN 13848-4:2011 (E) 6.2.2 Calibration The measuring device shall be calibrated to ensure the continued accuracy of measurements A manual describing the calibration requirements for the measuring device and the corresponding processing system if present shall be prepared by the relevant manufacturer The calibration requirements shall cover the method of checking and adjusting the system Calibration shall be carried out at specified stages As a minimum, calibration shall take place: before first use; after changes (new or maintained state) to the software or hardware systems (including mechanical parts) of the MOD which may affect the track geometry measuring system; after periodic maintenance or repair of the MOD as described in the relevant manual; when an MOD fails a validation test 6.2.3 Validation tests Due to the simple characteristics of MODs, considerations of reproducibility and repeatability not apply Instead, validation tests shall be made by comparing the measurement with that made using another measuring means As a minimum, validation tests shall be made: on a new or a modified measuring system; following a maintenance or repair operation; after a specified period of operation; whenever an event occurs that may compromise the accuracy of the measuring system 6.2.4 Routine validation Periodically, static tests should be made, such as reversing the position of a spirit level to check that it gives the same absolute value regardless of which end is placed on a given rail when measuring the cross level 18 BS EN 13848-4:2011 EN 13848-4:2011 (E) Annex A (normative) Parameters measured by track geometry measuring trolleys (TGMTs) and manually operated devices (MODs) A.1 Introduction Owing to the design of TGMTs and MODs, the EN 13848-1:2003+A1:2008 requirements have to be modified Therefore, this annex lists in tabular form the minimum requirements for each track geometry parameter which can be measured by TGMTs and MODs Requirements differing from EN 13848-1:2003+A1:2008 are highlighted in bold The requirements of EN 13848-1:2003+A1:2008 are shown only for comparison purposes 19 BS EN 13848-4:2011 EN 13848-4:2011 (E) A.2 Track gauge Table A.1 — Track gauge – Comparison with the requirements of EN 13848-1:2003+A1:2008 Characteristic Requirements for TGMT Requirements for MOD Requirements of EN 13848-1:2003+A1:2008 Measurement method Track gauge is the smallest distance between lines perpendicular to the running surface intersecting each rail head profile at point P in a range from to Zp below the running surface Zp is always 14 mm Track gauge is the smallest distance between lines perpendicular to the running surface intersecting each rail head profile at point P in a range from to Zp below the running surface Zp is always 14 mm Track gauge is the smallest distance between lines perpendicular to the running surface intersecting each rail head profile at point P in a range from to Zp below the running surface Zp is always 14 mm Wavelength range N/A N/A N/A Resolution ≤ 0,5 mm ≤ 0,5 mm ≤ 0,5 mm Uncertainty ± mm ± mm ± mm Range -15 mm / + 50 mm -15 mm / + 50 mm -15 mm / + 50 mm Analysis method No real time numerical analysis or additional processing required No real time numerical analysis or additional processing required Nominal value to peak value Output requirements Set of readings Digital or analogue recorded in digital form output Set of readings recorded preferably in digital form and shall also be presented graphically Output presentation Track gauge or the difference between measured and nominal gauge • Individual defects • Track gauge • Difference between measured and nominal gauge • Mean track gauge over a specified distance • Variation of track gauge over a specified distance 20 Track gauge or the difference between measured and nominal gauge Comment BS EN 13848-4:2011 EN 13848-4:2011 (E) A.3 Longitudinal level Table A.2 — Longitudinal level – Comparison with the requirements of EN 13848-1:2003+A1:2008 Characteristic Requirements for TGMT Requirements for MOD Requirements of EN 13848-1:2003+A1:2008 Measurement method Chord or inertial of at least one rail Not applicable (N/A) Inertial or chord Wavelength range D1 from chord measurement with re-colouring process or from inertial measurement N/A Resolution ≤ 0,5 mm N/A D1 to D3: ≤ 0,5 mm Uncertainty ± mm N/A • D1: ± mm • D2: ± mm • D3: ± mm • D1: ± 50 mm • D2: ± 100 mm • D3: ± 300 mm Range Refer to the Measurement of the definition of MOD mean of both rails is (3.2) possible provided that cross level is measured simultaneously ± 50 mm N/A Both rails • D1 • D2 • D3 Analysis method No real time numerical analysis or additional processing required N/A Mean to peak value Output requirements Set of readings recorded in digital form N/A Set of readings recorded preferably in digital form and shall also be presented graphically Output presentation Longitudinal level based on D1 N/A • Isolated defects • Standard deviation over a 200 m length Comment The points of the measurement base of the TGMT are unloaded Refer to B.2.1 21 BS EN 13848-4:2011 EN 13848-4:2011 (E) A.4 Cross level Table A.3 — Cross level – Comparison with the requirements of EN 13848-1:2003+A1:2008 Characteristic Requirements for TGMT Requirements for MOD Angle between running surface and horizontal reference plane Angle between running surface and horizontal reference plane • Angle between running surface and horizontal reference plane • Difference in height of running tables Wavelength range N/A N/A N/A Resolution ≤ 0,5 mm ≤ 0,5 mm ≤ 0,5 mm Uncertainty ± 1,5 mm up to a speed of km/h ± 1,5 mm up to a ± mm (relative value cross level of 50 mm ± mm) Measurement method Requirements of EN 13848-1:2003+A1:2008 ± mm for a speed ± mm for a cross greater than level greater than km/h 50 mm Range ± 225 mm ± 225 mm ± 225 mm Analysis method No real time numerical analysis or additional processing required No real time numerical analysis or additional processing required Mean to peak value Output requirements Set of readings recorded in digital form Digital or analogue output Set of readings recorded preferably in digital form and shall also be presented graphically Output presentation Absolute value Absolute value Absolute value 22 Comment For TGMT, at speeds greater than 10 km/h, a centrifugal forcecompensated system is required BS EN 13848-4:2011 EN 13848-4:2011 (E) A.5 Alignment Table A.4 — Alignment – Comparison with the requirements of EN 13848-1:2003+A1:2008 Characteristic Measurement method Requirements for TGMT Requirements for MOD Chord or inertial of Not applicable at least one rail (N/A) Requirements of EN 13848-1:2003+A1:2008 Inertial or chord Both rails The points of the measurement base of the TGMT are unloaded • D1 Refer to B.2.1 • D2 • D3 Measurement of Refer to the the mean of both definition of MOD rails is possible (3.2) provided that track gauge is measured simultaneously D1 from chord measurement with re-colouring process or from inertial measurement N/A Resolution ≤ 0,5 mm N/A D1 to D3: ≤ 0,5 mm Uncertainty ± mm N/A • D1: ± 1,5 mm • D2: ± mm • D3: ± 10 mm • D1: ± 50 mm • D2: ± 100 mm • D3: ± 500 mm Wavelength range Range ± 50 mm N/A Comment Analysis method No real time N/A numerical analysis or additional processing required Mean to peak value Output requirements Set of readings recorded in digital form N/A Set of readings recorded preferably in digital form and shall also be presented graphically Output presentation Alignment based on D1 N/A • Isolated defects • Standard deviation over a 200 m length NOTE If the measurement is made on only one rail, account should be taken of the fact that in curves, the outer rail is always the reference rail and that re-colouration is not practicable when measuring a succession of curves of different hands 23 BS EN 13848-4:2011 EN 13848-4:2011 (E) A.6 Twist Table A.5 — Twist – Comparison with the requirements of EN 13848-1:2003+A1:2008 Characteristic Measurement method Requirements for TGMT Indirect measurement calculated from cross levels at a fixed interval Requirements for MOD The twist is not measured directly by MODs but the cross level measurement can be used subsequently to calculate the twist Requirements of EN 13848-1:2003+A1:2008 • Direct measurement at a fixed distance • Calculated from cross level Wavelength range N/A N/A N/A Resolution ≤ 0,5 mm N/A ≤ 0,5 mm Uncertainty For short bases l ≤ 5,5 m: ± 2/ll mm/m N/A For short bases l ≤ 5,5 m: For long bases 5,5 m < l≤ 20 m: ± 3/ll mm/m • 1/l mm/m (direct) • ± 1,5/l mm/m (computed) For long bases 5,5 m < l ≤ 20 m : • 2/l mm/m (direct) • ± /l mm/m (computed) Range ± 15 mm/m Analysis method N/A No real time numerical analysis or additional processing required Output requirements Set of readings recorded in digital form N/A Set of readings recorded preferably in digital form and shall also be presented graphically Output presentation Unprocessed values N/A • Isolated defects • Standard deviation over a 200 m length 24 N/A ± 15 mm/m • Zero to peak value • Mean to peak value Comment BS EN 13848-4:2011 EN 13848-4:2011 (E) Annex B (informative) Principles of measurement B.1 General description The principles of measurement of the parameters described in EN 13848-1:2003+A1:2008 are discussed below Two main principles are usually considered for TGMT and MOD: chord measuring system; inertial measuring system This applies to measurement of longitudinal level and alignment, which is described in B.2 Measurement of other parameters is briefly described in B.3 to B.5 B.2 Longitudinal level and alignment (TGMT only) B.2.1 Chord measuring system The track geometry is taken from the offset measured at an intermediate point from a straight-line chord The chord measurement uses a reference which is, for example, a light beam or a rigid frame The offset is measured by use of either mechanical sensors or non-contact sensors (optical or inductive) For comparisons between different chord measuring systems account shall be taken of: the different measuring base-lengths; the position of the intermediate point Furthermore, consideration should be given to the dynamic conditions (loaded or unloaded track) Considering the measurement itself, one main characteristic of the chord method is its complicated transfer function This can be readily corrected using analytical methods in order to comply with the requirements of EN 13848-1:2003+A1:2008 in terms of wavelength ranges However, this requires an asymmetrical base to avoid zeros in particular wavelengths TGMTs that measure on a short chord-length only measure the local curvature Analytical correction methods shall be applied if mean curvature is required, however the result will be an approximation because measurement uncertainties will be compounded A chord measuring system does not require any minimum speed to be operated B.2.2 Inertial measuring system The track geometry is taken from the position of the rail in vertical and lateral direction, relative to an inertial reference, which may be provided by accelerometers or gyroscopes On a TGMT, the accelerometer is often an inclinometer 25 BS EN 13848-4:2011 EN 13848-4:2011 (E) For inertial systems, a minimum speed of measurement is necessary to give reliable results B.3 Track gauge Track gauge is measured by use of either mechanical sensors or non-contact sensors (generally optical sensors) For MOD, a gauge measuring bar is commonly used B.4 Cross level Cross level is normally measured using an inclinometer for TGMT and a spirit level for MOD B.5 Twist Twist can be either derived from cross level measurement or measured directly with contact or non-contact type sensors 26 BS EN 13848-4:2011 EN 13848-4:2011 (E) Annex C (normative) TGMT / Description of field tests: values to be respected C.1 Repeatability – Statistical analysis of parameter data The distribution of the difference between the parameter data obtained on each run shall be evaluated for th each parameter The 95 percentile of the distribution shall be between the values given in Tables C.1 to C.3 If the TGMT is used as reference for testing a measuring car then values equally or more restrictive than those in the tables of Annex C of EN 13848-2:2006 shall be used instead of the values in the tables below th Table C.1 — Repeatability – Parameter data – Longitudinal level and alignment – 95 percentile Dimensions in millimetres Parameter D1 Longitudinal level -1 / +1 Alignment -1 / +1 th Table C.2 — Repeatability – Parameter data – Track gauge and cross level – 95 percentile Parameter Dimensions in millimetres Track gauge -0,5 / +0,5 Cross level -1,5 / +1,5 th Table C.3 — Repeatability – Parameter data – Twist – 95 percentile Parameter Twist Dimensions in millimetres/metre l ≤ 5,5 m 5,5 m < l ≤ 20 m -1,5/l / +1,5/l -1,8/l / +1,8/l l : Twist base-length NOTE In the above table, no distinction is made between direct and indirect measurement of twist C.2 Reproducibility – Statistical analysis of parameter data The distribution of the difference between parameter data obtained on each run shall be evaluated for each th parameter The 95 percentile of the distribution shall be between the values given in Tables C.4 to C.6 If the TGMT is used as reference for testing a measuring car, then values equally or more restrictive than those in the tables of Annex C of EN 13848-2:2006 shall be used instead of the values in the tables below 27 BS EN 13848-4:2011 EN 13848-4:2011 (E) th Table C.4 — Reproducibility – Parameter data – Longitudinal level and alignment – 95 percentile Dimensions in millimetres Parameter Wavelength range D1 Longitudinal level -1,5 / +1,5 Alignment -1,5 / +1,5 th Table C.5 — Reproducibility – Parameter data – Track gauge and cross level – 95 percentile Parameter Dimensions in millimetres Track gauge -1 / +1 Cross level -2,5 / +2,5 th Table C.6 — Reproducibility – Parameter data – Twist —95 percentile Parameter Twist Dimensions in millimetres/metre l ≤ 5,5 m 5,5 m < l ≤ 20 m -2/l / +2/l -2,5/l / +2,5/l l : Twist base-length NOTE 28 In the above table, no distinction is made between direct and indirect measurement of twist BS EN 13848-4:2011 EN 13848-4:2011 (E) Bibliography [1] EN 13231-1, Railway applications – Track – Acceptance of works – Part : Works on ballasted track – Plain line [2] EN 13231-2, Railway applications – Track – Acceptance of works – Part : Works on ballasted track – Switches and crossings [3] EN 50121 (all parts), Railway applications – Electromagnetic compatibility [4] EN 50125-1:1999, Railway applications – Environmental conditions for equipment – Part 1: Equipment on board rolling stock [5] EN 50126 (all parts), Railway applications – The specification and demonstration of Reliability, Availability, Maintainability, and Safety (RAMS) [6] EN 50155:2007, Railway applications – Electronic equipment used on rolling stock [7] EN 61373:2010, Railway applications – Rolling stock equipment – Shock and vibration tests [8] ENV 13005:1999, Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement th [9] UIC 505-1 leaflet OR (10 edition, May 2006), Railway transport stock – Rolling stock construction gauge 29 This page deliberately left blank This page deliberately left blank NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW 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