BRITISH STANDARD Railway applications — Track — Test methods for fastening systems Part 9: Determination of stiffness ICS 93.100 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BS EN 13146-9:2009 +A1:2011 BS EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 It supersedes BS EN 13146-9:2009 which is withdrawn The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by !" The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RAE/2, Railway Applications - Track A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2010 © BSI 2011 ISBN 978 580 71797 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Comments 30 November 2011 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2011 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 13146-9:2009+A1 NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM October 2011 ICS 93.100 Supersedes EN 13146-9:2009 English Version Railway applications - Track - Test methods for fastening systems - Part 9: Determination of stiffness Applications ferroviaires - Voie - Méthodes d'essai pour les systèmes de fixation - Partie 9: Détermination de la raideur Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Prüfverfahren für Schienenbefestigungssysteme - Teil 9: Bestimmung der Steifigkeiten This European Standard was approved by CEN on October 2009 and includes Amendment approved by CEN on September 2011 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels © 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members Ref No EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011: E BS EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 (E) Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction 4 Scope 5 Normative references 5 Terms and definitions 5 Symbols and abbreviated terms 6 Verification of calibration 8 6.1 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.1.3 6.1.4 6.2 6.2.1 6.2.2 6.2.3 6.2.4 6.2.5 6.3 Test procedures for pads 8 Static test procedure for pads 8 Principle 8 Apparatus 8 Procedure 9 Test report 10 Dynamic low frequency test procedure for pads 11 General 11 Principle 11 Apparatus 11 Procedure 12 Test report 12 Dynamic high frequency test procedure for pads 13 7.1 7.1.1 7.1.2 7.1.3 7.1.4 7.1.5 7.2 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.2.3 7.2.4 7.2.5 7.3 7.3.1 7.3.2 7.3.3 7.3.4 7.3.5 Test procedures for complete rail fastening assemblies 13 Static test procedure for fastening assemblies 13 Principle 13 Apparatus 13 Test specimens 14 Procedure 14 Test report 14 Dynamic low frequency test for fastening assemblies 15 General 15 Principle 15 Apparatus 15 Procedure 16 Test report 16 Dynamic high frequency test for assemblies 17 Principle 17 Apparatus 17 Test specimen 20 Test procedure 20 Test report 24 Annex A (informative) Determination of the dynamic high frequency stiffness of pads 25 A.1 General 25 A.2 Principle 25 Bibliography 26 BS EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 (E) Foreword This document (EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2012 This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2011-09-06 This document supersedes EN 13146-9:2009 The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! " Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights This European Standard is one of the series EN 13146, Railway applications — Track — Test methods for fastening systems as listed below: Part 1: Determination of longitudinal rail restraint Part 2: Determination of torsional resistance Part 3: Determination of attenuation of impact loads Part 4: Effect of repeated loading Part 5: Determination of electrical resistance Part 6: Effect of severe environmental conditions Part 7: Determination of clamping force Part 8: In-service testing Part 9: Determination of stiffness These support the requirements in the series EN 13481, Railway applications — Track — Performance requirements for fastening systems — Parts to According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom BS EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 (E) Introduction This part of EN 13146 brings together test methods for measuring the stiffness of pads and fastening assemblies under static, low frequency and high frequency dynamic loading For measurements at high frequency, the corrected driving point method has been included although it is only valid up to 120 Hz whilst the direct and indirect methods are valid up to 400 Hz Only a few test laboratories have the equipment and the experience necessary to perform the indirect and direct methods More laboratories should be able to perform the corrected driving point method and for some purposes, measurements up to 120 Hz are adequate No method for testing at acoustic frequencies is included The procedure in EN 15461, which involves testing a length of track incorporating the fastening assemblies under test can be used BS EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 (E) Scope This European Standard specifies laboratory test procedures to determine the static and dynamic stiffness of rail pads, baseplate pads and complete rail fastening assemblies The procedures for dynamic stiffness cover low and high frequencies Normative references The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies EN 13146-4, Railway applications — Track — Test methods for fastening systems — Part 4: Effect of repeated loading EN 13481 (all parts), Railway applications — Track — Performance requirements for fastening systems EN ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials — Verification of static uniaxial testing machines — Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines — Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system (ISO 7500-1:2004) EN ISO 9513:2002, Metallic materials — Calibration of extensometers used in uniaxial testing (ISO 9513:1999) EN ISO 10846-1:2008, Acoustics and vibration — Laboratory measurement of vibro-acoustic transfer properties of resilient elements — Part 1: Principles and guidelines (ISO 10846-1:2008) EN ISO 10846-2, Acoustics and vibration — Laboratory measurement of vibro-acoustic transfer properties of resilient elements — Part 2: Direct method for determination of the dynamic stiffness of resilient supports for translatory motion (ISO 10846-2:2008) EN ISO 10846-3, Acoustics and vibration — Laboratory measurement of vibro-acoustic transfer properties of resilient elements — Part 3: Indirect method for determination of the dynamic stiffness of resilient supports for translatory motion (ISO 10846-3:2002) EN ISO 10846-5, Acoustics and vibration — Laboratory measurement of vibro-acoustic transfer properties of resilient elements — Part 5: Driving point method for determination of the low-frequency transfer stiffness of resilient supports for translatory motion (ISO 10846-5:2008) Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 13481-1:2002 and EN ISO 10846-1:2008 apply BS EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 (E) Symbols and abbreviated terms Relevant subclause FSPmax force applied to pad in measurement of static stiffness of pad, in kN; 6.1.3 FSP1 notional fastening clip force assumed for measurement of static stiffness of pad, in kN; 6.1.3 FSP2 0,8 FSPmax, in kN; 6.1.3 kSP static stiffness of pad, in MN/m; 6.1.3 dSP mean vertical displacement of pad, in mm; 6.1.3 FLFPmax reference force for measurement of dynamic low frequency stiffness of pad, in kN; 6.2.4 FLFP1 notional fastening clip force assumed for measurement of dynamic low frequency stiffness of pad, in kN; 6.2.4 FLFP2 0,8 FLFPmax, in kN; 6.2.4 dLFP displacement of pad in measurement of low frequency dynamic stiffness of pad, in mm; 6.2.4 fLFP frequency of measurement of low frequency measurement dynamic stiffness of pad, in Hz; 6.2.4 kLFPf low frequency dynamic stiffness of pad at a specific frequency, in MN/m; 6.2.4 kLFPmean mean of measurements of low frequency dynamic stiffness of pad measured at Hz, 10 Hz and 20 Hz, in MN/m; 6.2.4 FSAmax force applied to assembly in measurement of static stiffness of assembly, in kN; 7.1.4 kSA static stiffness of assembly, in MN/m; 7.1.4 dSA mean displacement of rail in measurement of static stiffness of assembly, in mm; 7.1.4 FSA1 minimum force applied in measurement of static stiffness of assembly, in kN; 7.1.4 FSA2 maximum force applied in measurement of static stiffness of assembly !0,8FSAmax", in kN; 7.1.4 kLFA low frequency dynamic stiffness of assembly, in MN/m; 7.2.4 FLFA1 minimum force applied in measurement of dynamic low frequency stiffness of assembly, in kN; 7.2.4 FLFA2 maximum force applied in measurement of dynamic low frequency stiffness of assembly = 0,8 FLFAmax, in kN; 7.2.4 BS EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 (E) FLFAmax reference force for measurement of dynamic low frequency stiffness of assembly, in kN; 7.2.4 dLFA1 displacement of assembly in measurement of dynamic low frequency stiffness of assembly for force FLFA1, in mm; 7.2.4 dLFA2 displacement of assembly in measurement of dynamic low frequency stiffness of assembly for force FLFA2, in mm; 7.2.4 FHFAmax static preload applied in measurement of high frequency stiffness of assembly, in kN; 7.3.4.3 aHFAD1 excitation acceleration in measurement of high frequency stiffness of assembly, in m/s ; 7.3.4.3 aHFAD2 acceleration of the measuring platform in measurement of high frequency stiffness of assembly, in m/s ; 7.3.4.3 aHFAI2 output acceleration in measurement of high frequency stiffness of assembly by the indirect method, in m/s²; 7.3.4.4 FHFAD2 force on the measuring platform in measurement of high frequency stiffness of assembly, in N; 7.3.4.3 fHFAD frequency in measurement of high frequency stiffness of assembly, in Hz; 7.3.4.3 j √-1 7.3.4.3 LHFADk transfer stiffness level in measurement of high frequency stiffness of assembly, in dB re N/m; 7.3.4.3 mHFAD mass of the measuring platform and any parts of the fastening assembly below the resilient element, in kg; 7.3.4.3 kHFAD transfer stiffness in measurement of high frequency stiffness of assembly, in N/m; 7.3.4.3 kHFADc corrected transfer stiffness in measurement of high frequency stiffness of assembly, in N/m; 7.3.4.3 νHFAD1 aHFAD1 , in m/s; jϖ HFAD 7.3.4.3 ωHFAD angular frequency = 2π fHFAD, in rad/s; 7.3.4.3 FHFAI2 force on the measuring platform of high frequency stiffness of assembly, in N; 7.3.4.4 kHFAI transfer stiffness in measurement of high frequency stiffness of assembly by the indirect method, in N/m; 7.3.4.4 ωHFAI angular frequency = 2π fHFAI, in rad/s; 7.3.4.4 aHFAI1 excitation acceleration in measurement of high frequency stiffness of assembly by the indirect method, in m/s ; 7.3.4.4 excitation velocity = BS EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 (E) aHFAP1 excitation acceleration in measurement of high frequency stiffness of assembly by driving point method, in m/s ; 7.3.4.5 aHFAPc correction acceleration of the measuring platform in measurement of high frequency stiffness of assembly by driving point method, in m/s ; 7.3.4.5 FHFAP1 dynamic input force in measurement of high frequency stiffness of assembly by driving point method, in N; 7.3.4.5 FHFAPc dynamic input force without the rail fastening assembly in measurement of high frequency stiffness of assembly by point method, in N; 7.3.4.5 LHFAPk point stiffness level, in dB re N/m; 7.3.4.5 kHFAPc corrected point stiffness, in N/m 7.3.4.5 Verification of calibration The static calibration of actuators shall be verified in accordance with EN ISO 7500-1 using equipment having traceability to European or International Standards using the International System of Units (SI) The calibration of displacement measuring instruments with contact shall be in accordance with EN ISO 9513 Test procedures for pads 6.1 Static test procedure for pads 6.1.1 Principle A force is applied normal to the test pad and the displacement is measured 6.1.2 6.1.2.1 Apparatus Controlled temperature test area The area of the laboratory where the test is conducted, maintained at (23 ± 5) °C Where pads are to be used at other ambient temperatures additional tests shall be performed, if required by the purchaser, at one or more of the following temperatures: (- 20 ± 3) °C, (- 10 ± 3) °C, (0 ± 3) °C and (50 ± 3) °C The additional test temperatures shall be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser 6.1.2.2 Metal plate A rigid metal plate at least as wide as the foot of the rail used for repeated loading according to EN 13146-4 and length at least 210 mm BS EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 (E) 7.1.2.3 Displacement measuring instruments Contact instruments complying with EN ISO 9513:2002, Table 2, Class2 When non-contact instruments are used, they shall be calibrated to ensure the accuracy of measurement complies with the following requirements The instruments shall be capable of measuring the vertical displacement of the surface of the test assembly as follows: For assemblies with a declared stiffness ≤ 100 MN/m displacement measurement within ± 0,02 mm For assemblies with a declared stiffness > 100 MN/m displacement measurement within ± 0,01 mm 7.1.2.4 Force measuring instruments In accordance with 6.1.2.7 7.1.3 7.1.3.1 Test specimens Sleeper or other rail support A sleeper, half sleeper, concrete block or other rail support with cast-in fastening components or holes, and rail seats, as made without modification for this test 7.1.3.2 Fastening All fastening components as used in track assembled complete with a short length of rail of the section for which the assembly is intended 7.1.4 Procedure All components and equipment used shall be kept in a temperature of (23 ± 5) °C or other test temperature (see 6.1.2.1) for at least 16 h prior to starting the test Obtain the specified value of FSAmax from the relevant part of the EN 13481 series Support the test specimen on a rigid surface Apply a load of FSAmax kN, at a rate of (120 ± 10) kN/min to the centre line of the rail head above the longitudinal centre line of the sleeper or half sleeper Apply the load three times On the third loading, record the vertical displacement of the rail using four transducers relative to the four corners of the rail seat If the displacement measured by any of the instruments differs from the average displacement by ≥ 20 % of the maximum displacement, then repeat the loading cycle and ensure that the force is applied perpendicular to the support Calculate the secant modulus (kSA) of the assembly from Equation (4) where dSA is the average displacement in millimetres when the applied force is increased from FSA1 to FSA2 = 0,8 FSAmax The vertical stiffness is k SA = 7.1.5 FSA − FSA1 MN/m dSA Test report The test report shall include at least the following information: a) number, title and date of this European Standard; b) name and address of laboratory performing the test; 14 (4) BS EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 (E) c) date test performed; d) name, designation and description of fastening assembly, including individual components, tested; e) origin of test specimens; f) rail section used in test; g) value of FSAmax used in the test; h) temperature of test; i) load-deflection curves; j) accuracy of measurement; k) individual and mean rail displacements; l) mean vertical static stiffness NOTE If the test is performed at more than one temperature a separate report should be prepared for each test temperature 7.2 Dynamic low frequency test for fastening assemblies 7.2.1 General This laboratory test procedure is to determine the dynamic stiffness of rail fastening assemblies It provides data for the selection of assemblies and for use in the determination of the effect of repeated loading (EN 13146-4) 7.2.2 Principle A cyclic force is applied to the centre line of the rail head, perpendicular to the assembly support, above the longitudinal centre line of the sleeper or half sleeper The resulting maximum and minimum displacements of the system are measured 7.2.3 7.2.3.1 Apparatus Controlled temperature test area As described in 6.1.2.1 7.2.3.2 Actuator Actuator capable of generating a force of (FLFAmax + 10 %) kN (approximately up to 110 kN) at the specified frequency in the range Hz to 10 Hz 7.2.3.3 Displacement measuring instruments In accordance with 7.1.2.3 7.2.3.4 Force measuring instruments In accordance with 6.2.3.4 15 BS EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 (E) 7.2.3.5 Recording equipment In accordance with 6.2.3.5 7.2.4 Procedure All components and equipment used shall be kept in a temperature of (23 ± 5) °C or other test temperature (see 6.1.2.1) for at least 16 h prior to starting the test Place the sleeper or system set-up on a flat, horizontal base, which will support the whole fastening system Select the appropriate vertical components of loads (FLFA1 and FLFAmax) from the relevant part of EN 13481 series Apply a cyclic force of FLFA1 to FLFA2 = 0,8 FLFAmax at the specified frequency ± Hz for 000 cycles During the last 100 cycles record the applied load and the vertical rail displacement over ten cycles Then calculate the average values of dLFA1 (average displacement at the minimum force FLFA1), dLFA2 (average displacement at maximum force FLFA2) If the displacement measured by any of the instruments differs from the average displacement by ≥ 20 % of the maximum displacement then repeat the loading cycle and ensure that the force is applied perpendicular to the support Calculate the actual dynamic stiffness for each test frequency using Equation (5) ! kLFA = 7.2.5 FLFA2 − FLFA1 MN/m " d LFA2 − d LFA1 (5) Test report The test report shall include at least the following information: a) number, title and date of this European Standard; b) name and address of the laboratory performing the test; c) date test performed; d) name, designation and description of the fastening assembly tested; e) origin of the test specimens; f) rail section used in the test; g) value of FLFAmax used in the test; h) temperature of test; i) load-deflection curves; j) individual and mean vertical rail displacements; k) dynamic stiffness of the assembly tested and frequency used in the test NOTE If the test is performed at more than one temperature a separate report should be prepared for each temperature 16 BS EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 (E) 7.3 Dynamic high frequency test for assemblies 7.3.1 Principle For this laboratory test a high foundation impedance of known magnitude, typical static load and small dynamic loads is used to determine the transfer stiffness of fastening systems assuming they behave as linear elastic systems within the frequency range used in the tests The transfer stiffness is measured over the frequency range of 20 Hz to 450 Hz within a stiffness range of MN/m to 000 MN/m by one of the following methods: direct method EN ISO 10846-2 which is the reference method valid !up to 400 Hz"; indirect method EN ISO 10846-3 which is an alternative method; corrected driving point method EN ISO 10846-5 which is an alternative valid up to 120 Hz NOTE 400 Hz The frequency range 20 Hz to 450 Hz covers the 1/3 octave band width frequencies from 25 Hz to General principles regarding these test methods are given in EN ISO 10846-1 They are valid if the vibrational behaviour of the fastening system is linear A check for linearity is included in 7.3.4.2 If the behaviour is non-linear a deviation from the test methods in EN ISO 10846-2 and EN ISO 10846-3 is necessary as specified in 7.3.4.6 7.3.2 7.3.2.1 Apparatus General The test equipment shall conform to the requirements of EN ISO 10846-2 and EN ISO 10846-3 as appropriate and shall produce repeatable results over the frequency range and applied loads specified in this European Standard 7.3.2.2 Direct method A schematic representation of the test rig is shown in Figure It incorporates the following: shaker operating over the range 20 Hz to 450 Hz; loading frame to apply the required preload as specified in EN 13481 series; vibration isolators for dynamic decoupling of the test specimen from the frame over the frequency range 20 Hz to 450 Hz; force distribution plate to combine the static and dynamic loads and distribute them over the test specimen; two acceleration measurement systems, one attached to the centre of the upper load distribution plate and one on the force measuring platform, to measure the acceleration over the range 20 Hz to 450 Hz; force measurement system consisting of several force transducers operating in the range kN to 70 kN 17 BS EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 (E) Key shaker for dynamic loading isolated from loading frame static preload FHFAmax via elastic elements load distribution plate, measurement of acceleration aHFAD1 top of force measuring platform, measurement of acceleration aHFAD2 measurement of force FHFAD2 Figure — Measurement of transfer stiffness by the direct method 7.3.2.3 Indirect method A schematic representation of the test rig is shown in Figure It incorporates the following: shaker operating over the range 20 Hz to 450 Hz; vibration isolators for dynamic decoupling of the test specimen from the frame over the frequency range 20 Hz to 450 Hz; loading frame to apply a preload as specified in EN 13481 series; elastically supported output loading mass to which the test specimen is fixed; load distribution plate to combine the static and dynamic loads and distribute them over the test specimen; two acceleration measurement systems fixed to the centre of the load distribution plate and the output loading mass to measure the input and output acceleration over the frequency range 20 Hz to 450 Hz 18 BS EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 (E) Key shaker for dynamic loading static preload FHFAmax via elastic elements load distribution plate, measurement of acceleration aHFAI1 output loading mass, measurement of acceleration aHFAI2 Figure — Measurement of transfer stiffness by the indirect method 7.3.2.4 Corrected driving point method A schematic representation of the test rig is shown in Figure It incorporates the following: shaker operating over the range 20 Hz to 450 Hz; loading frame to apply the preload in the range 20 kN to 40 kN; vibration isolators for dynamic decoupling of the test specimen from the frame over the frequency range 20 Hz to 450 Hz; force distribution plate to combine the static and dynamic loads and distribute them over the test specimen; acceleration measurement system, attached to the centre of the upper load distribution plate to measure the acceleration over the range 20 Hz to 450 Hz; force measuring system consisting of force transducers operating in the dynamic range ± 10 kN; vibration isolators 19 BS EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 (E) Key shaker for dynamic loading isolated from loading frame static preload FHFAmax via elastic elements load distribution plate, measurement of acceleration aHFAP1 measurement of force FHFAP1 Figure — Measurement of transfer stiffness by the corrected driving point method 7.3.3 Test specimen The test specimen shall consist of a complete fastening assembly for one rail and a piece of rail, approximately 0,3 m long, of the section for which the fastening assembly is designed The rail is assembled in the fastening which is fixed to a rigid metal plate for the direct method or to the loading mass for the indirect method If the assembly incorporates a resilient pad under the baseplate the design compression in the pad in the unloaded condition is obtained by means of the fixing to the metal plate or loading mass 7.3.4 7.3.4.1 Test procedure Test temperature All components and equipment used shall be kept in a temperature of (23 ± 5) °C or other test temperature (see 6.1.2.1) for at least 16 h prior to starting the test NOTE For fastening systems which are to be used at much higher or lower temperatures consideration should be given to additional tests at service temperatures (see 6.1.2.1) 7.3.4.2 Test vibration velocity The actual vibration velocity occurring in track shall be estimated for the rail fastening system under test NOTE 20 -8 If no data is available a vibration velocity level of 90 dB re × 10 m/s can be assumed BS EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 (E) Determine the transfer stiffness as specified in 7.3.4.3 or 7.3.4.4 or 7.3.4.5 using the estimated vibration velocity and a vibration velocity lower in level by 20 dB If the level difference in transfer stiffness measured at each vibration velocity is ≤ 1,5 dB the estimated vibration velocity is valid If the level difference is > 1,5 dB repeat the measurements of transfer stiffness using a higher value for the estimated vibration velocity in track If the level difference in transfer stiffness between the higher estimated vibration velocity and measurement at a vibration velocity at 20 dB lower is ≤ 1,5 dB the transfer stiffness measured at the higher vibration velocity is valid If the level difference is > 1,5 dB the fastening system behave nonlinearly and the procedure in 7.3.4.6 shall be followed 7.3.4.3 Direct method With the test set up shown in Figure apply a static preload FHFAmax as specified in the relevant part of EN 13481 series and follow the test procedure specified in EN ISO 10846-2 Measure the input acceleration (aHFAD1), acceleration of the measuring platform (aHFAD2) and the output force (FHFAD2) over the required frequency range Calculate the average stiffness over each one-third octave band Calculate the transfer stiffness from Equation (6) ! kHFAD = −ϖ HFAD FHFAD2 N/m " aHFAD1 The measurement results are ! 10 lg aHFAD1 aHFAD valid (6) in a frequency range where the level difference ≥ 20 dB " To extend the frequency range, a corrected transfer stiffness can be calculated from Equation (7) ! kHFADc = −ϖ HFAD FHFAD2 + aHFAD2 mHFAD N/m " aHFAD1 − aHFAD2 FHFAD ν HFAD1 " and ! If the transfer functions ! stiffness is calculated from Equation (8) FHFAD2 ! kHFADc = ν HFAD1 jϖ HFAD + aHFAD2 ν HFAD1 aHFAD2 ν HFAD1 (7) " are determined, the corrected transfer jϖ HFAD mHFAD aHFAD2 1ν HFAD1 jϖ HFAD N/m " (8) The equivalent transfer stiffness level is calculated from Equation (9) ! LHFADk = 10lg kHFADc dB " ko (9) where ko = N/m Plot the corrected results as a curve using transfer stiffness in N/m (and equivalent transfer stiffness level in dB) and frequency in Hz as axes The scales for transfer stiffness and frequency shall be 21 BS EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 (E) logarithmic and chosen so that a doubling of frequency corresponds to 15 mm and a difference of 20 dB or a factor of 10 on transfer stiffness corresponds to 40 mm NOTE An example of a test result, corrected as described above, is shown in Figure NOTE For this test procedure a standard deviation of approximately 1,5 dB, equivalent to 18 % can be assumed 7.3.4.4 Indirect method With the test set up as shown in Figure apply a static preload as specified in the relevant part of the EN 13481 series and follow the test procedure specified in EN ISO 10846-3 The resonance frequency shall be below Hz Measure the input acceleration (aHFAI1) and output acceleration (aHFAI2) over the frequency range 20 Hz to 450 Hz Calculate the average transfer stiffness over each one-third octave band using Equation (10) and plot a curve with transfer stiffness in N/m (and equivalent transfer stiffness level in dB) and frequency in Hz as the axes The scales for transfer stiffness and frequency shall be logarithmic and chosen so that a doubling of frequency corresponds to 15 mm and a difference of 20 dB or a factor of 10 on transfer stiffness corresponds to 40 mm ! kHFA1 7.3.4.5 = −ϖ HFA1 FHFA2 N/m " aHFA2 (10) Corrected driving point method With test set up shown in Figure apply the static preload FHFAPmax specified in the relevant part of the EN 13481 series and follow the test procedure in EN ISO 10846-5 Measure the input acceleration (aHFAP1) and the input force (FHFAP1) over the frequency range 20 Hz to 450 Hz Remove the rail fastening assembly and replace it with rail specimen either suspended beneath the input force distribution plate, or suspended on one or more very soft springs (of combined stiffness at least 40 dB lower than the rail fastening system) Measure the correction input acceleration (aHFAPc) and the correction input force (FHFAPc) over the frequency range 20 Hz to 450 Hz Calculate the corrected point stiffness of the rail fastening system by subtracting the complex point stiffness of the rail specimen from the complex point stiffness of the overall system using Equation (11) F 2 F ! kHFAPc = −ϖ HFAP HFAP1 − HFAPc aHFAP1 aHFAPc N/m " (11) Calculate the average stiffness over each one-third octave band The equivalent transfer stiffness level is calculated from Equation (12) ! LHFAPk k = 10 lg HFAPc dB " ko (12) where ko = N/m Plot the corrected results as a curve using transfer stiffness in N/m (and equivalent transfer stiffness level in dB) and frequency in Hz as axes The scales for transfer stiffness and frequency shall be 22 BS EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 (E) logarithmic and chosen so that a doubling of frequency corresponds to 15 mm and a difference of 20 dB or a factor of 10 on transfer stiffness corresponds to 40 mm NOTE For this test procedure a standard deviation of approximately 1,5 dB, equivalent to 18 % can be assumed ! " Key X frequency, Hz Y transfer stiffness level, dB re N/m !Y2" transfer stiffness N/m Preload 25 kN -Preload 40 kN Figure — Transfer stiffness of a resilient baseplate assembly measured by the direct method and corrected for the vibration velocity of the force measuring assembly 23 BS EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 (E) 7.3.4.6 Non-linear fastening systems The measurement is performed as specified in 7.3.4.3 or 7.3.4.4 or 7.3.4.5 using a shaker operating at a single frequency selected from the one-third octave centre frequencies in the range 20 Hz to -8 450 Hz and a vibration velocity level of 90 dB re × 10 m/s The acceleration measuring system shall incorporate a filter to exclude frequencies other than the selected frequency 7.3.5 Test report The test report shall include the following: a) number, title and date of issue of this European Standard; b) name and address of laboratory performing the test; c) date test performed; d) test procedure used; e) name, type and description of the fastening assembly tested; f) origin of the test specimen; g) temperature of test; h) value of FHFAmax used; i) graph of transfer stiffness against frequency NOTE If the test is performed at more than one temperature a separate report should be prepared for each temperature 24 BS EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 (E) Annex A (informative) Determination of the dynamic high frequency stiffness of pads A.1 General This annex outlines a test procedure to determine the dynamic high frequency stiffness of rail and baseplate pads A.2 Principle The dynamic high frequency stiffness of pads can be measured using the procedure described in 7.3 The test arrangement for the pads in the test rig is shown in Figure Ensure the load distribution plate is located on the active area of the rail pad With the test set up shown in Figure and Figure respectively apply a static preload as specified in the relevant part of EN 13481 series with an additional notional fastening assembly clip force FSP1 Follow the test procedure specified in EN ISO 10846-2 and EN ISO 10846-3 respectively The test report should follow 7.3.5 25 BS EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 (E) Bibliography [1] 26 EN 15461, Railway applications — Noise emission — Characterisation of the dynamic properties of track sections for pass by noise measurements This page deliberately set blank BS EN 13146-9:2009 +A1:2011 BSI - British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level It is incorporated by Royal Charter Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee responsible, the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 9000 Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7400 BSI offers members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensures that subscribers automatically receive the latest editions of standards Buying standards Orders for all BSI, international and foreign standards publications should be addressed to Customer Services Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 9001 Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7001 Email: orders@bsigroup.com You may also buy directly using a debit/credit card from the BSI Shop on the Website http://www.bsigroup.com/shop In response to orders for international standards, it is BSI policy to supply the BSI implementation of those that have been published as British Standards, unless otherwise requested Information on standards BSI provides a wide range of information on national, European and international standards through its Library and its Technical Help to Exporters Service Various BSI electronic information services are also available which give details on all its products and services Contact Information Centre Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7111 Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7048 Email: info@bsigroup.com Subscribing members of BSI are kept up to date with standards developments and receive substantial discounts on the purchase price of standards For details of these and other benefits contact Membership Administration Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7002 Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7001 Email: membership@bsigroup.com Information regarding online access to British Standards via British Standards Online can be found at http://www.bsigroup.com/BSOL Further information about BSI is available on the BSI website at http:// www.bsigroup.com Copyright BSI Group Headquarters 389 Chiswick High Road, London, W4 4AL, UK Tel +44 (0)20 8996 9001 Fax +44 (0)20 8996 7001 www.bsigroup.com/ standards Copyright subsists in all BSI publications BSI also holds the copyright, in the UK, of the publications of the international standardization bodies Except as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 no extract may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without prior written permission from BSI This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade designations If these details are to be used for any other purpose than implementation then the prior written permission of BSI must be obtained Details and advice can be obtained from the Copyright and Licensing Manager Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7070 Email: copyright@bsigroup.com