BRITISH STANDARD Road and airfield surface characteristics — Test methods Part 1: Measurement of pavement surface macrotexture depth using a volumetric patch technique ICS 17.040.20; 93.080.10; 93.120 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BS EN 13036-1:2010 BS EN 13036-1:2010 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 13036-1:2010 It supersedes BS EN 13036-1:2002 which is withdrawn The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/510/5, Surface characteristics A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2010 © BSI 2010 ISBN 978 580 68561 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Comments BS EN 13036-1:2010 EN 13036-1 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM May 2010 ICS 17.040.20; 93.080.10; 93.120 Supersedes EN 13036-1:2001 English Version Road and airfield surface characteristics - Test methods - Part 1: Measurement of pavement surface macrotexture depth using a volumetric patch technique Caractéristiques de surface des routes et aérodromes Méthodes d'essai - Partie 1: Mesurage de la profondeur de macrotexture de la surface d'un revêtement l'aide d'une technique volumétrique la tache Oberflächeneigenschaften von Straßen und Flugplätzen Prüfverfahren - Teil 1: Messung der Makrotexturtiefe der Fahrbahnoberfläche mit Hilfe eines volumetrischen Verfahrens This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 March 2010 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels © 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members Ref No EN 13036-1:2010: E BS EN 13036-1:2010 EN 13036-1:2010 (E) Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Test method 5 4 Material and apparatus 5 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Procedure .7 Test surface 7 Material sample 7 Determination 7 Number of test measurements .8 6 Calculation of surface mean texture depth 8 7 Safety considerations 8 8 Test report 8 9 Precision of the method 9 Annex A (informative) 10 Bibliography 11 BS EN 13036-1:2010 EN 13036-1:2010 (E) Foreword This document (EN 13036-1:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 227 “Road materials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2010 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights This document supersedes EN 13036-1:2001 This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 227 “Road materials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN This European Standard is one of a series of standards as listed below: EN 13036-1, Road and airfield surface characteristics — Test methods — Part 1: Measurement of pavement surface macrotexture depth using a volumetric patch technique EN 13036-3, Road and airfield surface characteristics — Test methods — Part 3: Measurement of pavement surface horizontal drainability EN 13036-4, Road and airfield surface characteristics — Test methods — Part 4: Method of measurement of skid resistance of a surface — The pendulum test EN 13036-6, Road and airfield surface characteristics — Test methods — Part 6: Measurement of transverse and longitudinal profiles in the evenness and megatexture wavelength ranges EN 13036-7, Road and airfield surface characteristics — Test methods — Part 7: Irregularity measurement of pavement courses : the straightedge test EN 13036-8, Road and airfield surface characteristics — Test methods — Part 8: Determination of transverse unevenness indices According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom BS EN 13036-1:2010 EN 13036-1:2010 (E) Introduction This document has been written in accordance with Annex A of ISO 10844:1994 (see [12] of the Bibliography) The so-called “sand-patch method” has been used worldwide for many years to measure the road surface texture It relies on a given volume of sand which is spread out on a road surface The sand is distributed to form a circular patch, the diameter of which is measured By dividing the volume of sand with the area covered, a value is obtained which represents the average depth of the sand layer, i e an average “texture depth” The method is described in [2] of the Bibliography, but the procedure has been described and used even earlier However, a development of the sand-patch method, replacing sand with glass spheres, has been described in ASTM E 965-87 (see [1] of the Bibliography) The method in this document is largely based on ASTM E 965-87 However, a number of changes have been made, for example the use of only metric units and the avoidance of making references to other ASTM standards Also, the layout has been adapted to the normal layout for European Standards The selection of the ASTM standard rather than the procedure described in BS 812-114 (see [3] of the Bibliography) is based on the fact the ASTM standard uses a material with closer specifications and that the ASTM standard is far more precise in its description of the test method BS EN 13036-1:2010 EN 13036-1:2010 (E) Scope This European Standard specifies a method for determining the average depth of pavement surface macrotexture by careful application of a known volume of material on the surface and subsequent measurement of the total area covered The technique is designed to provide an average depth value of only the pavement macrotexture and is considered insensitive to pavement microtexture characteristics This test method is suitable for field tests to determine the average macrotexture depth of a pavement surface When used in conjunction with other physical tests, the macrotexture depth values derived from this test method can be used to determine the pavement skid resistance capability, noise characteristics and the suitability of paving materials or finishing techniques When used with other tests, care should be taken that all tests are applied at the same location Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies ISO 565, Test sieves — Metal wire cloth, perforated metal plate and electroformed sheet — Nominal sizes of openings Test method The standard materials and test apparatus consist of a quantity of uniform material, a container of known volume, a suitable wind screen or shield, brushes for cleaning the surface, a flat disc for spreading the material on the surface, and a ruler or other measuring device for determining the area covered by the material A laboratory balance is also recommended to ensure consistent amounts for each measurement sample The test method involves spreading a known volume of material on a clean and dry pavement surface, measuring the area covered, and subsequently calculating the average depth between the bottom of the pavement surface voids and the tops of surface aggregate particles In spreading the material specified in this test method, the surface voids are completely filled flush to the tips of the surrounding aggregate particles Pavement aggregate particle shape, size and distribution are surface texture features not addressed in this method The method is not meant to provide a complete assessment of pavement surface texture characteristics In particular, care should be exercised in interpreting the result if the method is applied to porous surfaces and to deeply grooved surfaces The method can be applied to a wide range of surfaces Its validity range is 0,25 mm to mm, expressed in Mean Profile Depth, MPD (see Annex A) Material and apparatus The essential elements of the apparatus, shown in Figure 1, consist of the following: BS EN 13036-1:2010 EN 13036-1:2010 (E) Key portable wind screen spreading tool surface cleaning brushes sample cylinder ruler Figure — Apparatus for measuring surface macrotexture depth 4.1 Material Solid glass spheres being essentially round shall be used Refer, for example, to reference [4] of the Bibliography The spheres shall be graded to have a minimum of 90 % by weight passing a 0,25 mm sieve and retained on a 0,18 mm sieve complying with ISO 565 NOTE For availability of material, see for example references [1] and [5] of the Bibliography 4.2 Sample container A calibrated metal or plastic container with a predetermined internal volume (25 000 (25 ml) ± 150) mm3 shall be used to determine the volume of glass spheres spread of at least 4.3 Spreader tool A flat, hard disc approximately (65 ± 1) mm in diameter and covered on one face with a hard rubber plate (2 ± 0,5) mm thick, with a (305 ± 10) g mass according to Figure BS EN 13036-1:2010 EN 13036-1:2010 (E) Key knurled handle Figure — Flat hard disc and rubber plate sticked on its base 4.4 Brushes A soft bristle brush shall be used to clean the pavement surface thoroughly prior to application of the material sample 4.5 Windshield A suitable screen or shield can be placed on the pavement surface to protect the material sample from the wind and turbulence created by traffic An example is shown in Figure 4.6 Scale and balance A standard scale 500 mm in length and having mm divisions should be used Use of a laboratory balance, sensitive to 0,1 g, is recommended with this test method to provide additional control of the mass of material used for the surface macrotexture depth measurement 5.1 Procedure Test surface Inspect the pavement surface to be measured and select a dry, homogeneous area that contains no unique, localized features such as cracks and joints Thoroughly clean the surface using the soft bristle brush to remove any residue, debris or loosely bonded aggregate particles from the surface Position the portable windshield around the surface test area 5.2 Material sample Fill the cylinder of known volume with dry material and gently tap the base of the cylinder several times on a rigid surface Add more material to fill the container to the top, and level with a straightedge If a laboratory balance is available, determine the mass of material in the container and use this mass of material sample for each measurement 5.3 Determination Pour the measured volume or mass of material on to the dry and cleaned test surface Carefully spread the material into a circular patch, with the disc tool, rubber-covered side down, filling the surface voids flush with the aggregate particle tips Use a slight pressure on the hand, just enough to ensure that the disc will spread out the material so that the disc touches the surface aggregate particle tips BS EN 13036-1:2010 EN 13036-1:2010 (E) Measure and record the diameter of the circular area covered by the material at a minimum of four equally spaced locations around the sample circumference Calculate and record the average diameter 5.4 Number of test measurements The same operator should perform at least four, randomly spaced measurements on a given test pavement surface type The arithmetic average of the individual values shall be considered to be the average surface texture (macrotexture) depth of the tested pavement surface Calculation of surface mean texture depth Calculate the mean texture depth, MTD, using the following equation: MTD = 4V / πD (1) where MTD is the mean texture depth, expressed in millimeters (mm); V is the sample volume (i e internal cylinder volume), expressed in cubic millimeters (mm 3); D is the average diameter of the area covered by the material, expressed in millimeters (mm) Safety considerations This test method can involve hazardous operations when measurements are made on trafficked pavements The European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use Test report The test report for each pavement test surface shall contain data on the following items: a) location and identification of test pavement surface; b) date; c) weather conditions, d) identification of the operator; e) volume of material used for each test measurement, in cubic mm3 f) number of test measurements; g) average diameter of the area covered by the material, in mm, for each test; h) surface texture depth, in mm, for each test; i) average texture depth, in mm, for total pavement test surface BS EN 13036-1:2010 EN 13036-1:2010 (E) Precision of the method Controlled tests have been conducted on laboratory specimens having a range of macrotexture depth 0,5 mm to 1,2 mm NOTE Reference [6] of the Bibliography gives supporting data The standard deviation of repeated measurements by the same operator on the same surface can be as low as % of the average texture depth The standard deviation of repeated measurements by different operators on the surface can be as low as % of the average texture depth The standard deviation of the site-to-site variations may be as large as 27 % of the average texture depth Here, site defines a randomly selected location within a nominally homogeneous pavement section This means that a large number of measurement observations would be necessary to estimate the average texture depth reliably for given pavement types with large variations in texture, despite the fact that the method is highly repeatable and not subject to large operational influences NOTE For further information, see references [7] to [11] of the Bibliography Controlled tests have been conducted in France on three different 150 m long and 2,5 m wide sections These three sections having a range of macrotexture 0,5 mm to 1,3 mm (MPD values) Each of the operators has made 20 measurements on each section at the points he would have chosen on a real site The measurement have given the following results: Test sections L2 E M2 Average MTD (mm) 0,536 1,008 1,268 r1 * 0,096 0,294 0,107 R1 * 0,29 0,327 0,346 The fidelity results r and R are not linked to the average measured level, so the test fidelity is expressed as the observed r and R average values, so: Average r1 = 0,166 Average R1 = 0,321 The index after r (repeatability) and R (reproducibility) is added to indicate that the measurement points sampling uncertainty is included in the test uncertainty The measurement uncertainty is defined equal to ± R / √ for a confidence interval of 95 % So here the test uncertainty for MTD measurements is ± 0,227 mm NOTE For further information, see reference [13] of the Bibliography BS EN 13036-1:2010 EN 13036-1:2010 (E) Annex A (informative) Table A.1 — Test methods for measuring texture depth of a pavement surface Test methods EN 13036-1 Volumetric method: Measurement of the mean texture depth (MTD) EN ISO 13473-1 Profilometry method: Measurement of a mean profile depth (MPD) EN 13036-3 Drainability method: Measurement of the horizontal drainability 10 Validity range (expressed in mean profile depth, MPD, values) 0,25 mm to mm mm to mm mm to 0,4 mm BS EN 13036-1:2010 EN 13036-1:2010 (E) Bibliography [1] ASTM E 965-87, Standard test method of measuring surface macrotexture depth using a volumetric technique American Society for Testing and Materials [2] Road Research Laboratory, Instruction for using the portable skid resistance tester Road Note 27, Transport Research Laboratory, Crowthorne, UK 1979 [3] BS 812-114:1989, Testing of aggregates — Method for the determination of the polished-stone value British Standards Institution [4] ASTM D 1155-89, Standard test method for roundness of glass spheres Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Volume 06.02, 1991 American Society for Testing and Materials [5] SANDBERG, U., Comparison of parameters in sand patch testing methods Swedish Road and Transport Research Institute, S-581 95 Linköping, Sweden 1991 [6] ASTM, Research Report RR : E17-1001: American Society for Testing and Materials [7] YAGER, T.J and BUHLMANN, F., Macrotexture and Drainage Measurements on a Variety of Concrete and Asphalt Surfaces ASTM STP 763, 1982 American Society for Testing and Materials [8] American Concrete Paving Association, Guidelines for texturing of Portland cement concrete highway pavements Technical Bulletin No 19, March 1975 [9] HEGMON, R R and MIZOGUCHI, M., Pavement texture measurement by the sand patch and outflow meter methods Automotive Safety Research Program, Report No S40, Study No 67-11, Pennsylvania State University, January 1970 [10] DAHIR, S.H and LENTZ, H.J., Laboratory evaluation of pavement surface texture characteristics relation to skid resistance Federal Highway Administration Report No FHWA-RD- 75-60, June 1972 [11] ROSE, J.G et al., Summary and analysis of the attributes of methods of surface texture measurements ASTM STP 53, 1972 American Society for Testing and Materials [12] ISO 10844, Acoustics — Specifications of test tracks for the purpose of measuring noise emitted by road vehicles [13] DELALANDE, G and LE TURDU, V., Uncertainty of the MTD measurement (volumetric patch technique) — LRPC of Angers France 2006 11 BS EN 13036-1:2010 BSI - British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level It is incorporated by Royal Charter Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee responsible, the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 9000 Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7400 BSI offers members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensures that subscribers automatically receive the latest editions of standards Buying standards Orders for all BSI, international and foreign standards publications should be addressed to Customer Services Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 9001 Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7001 Email: orders@bsigroup.com You may also buy directly using a debit/credit card from the BSI Shop on the Website http://www.bsigroup.com/shop In response to orders for international standards, it is BSI policy to supply the BSI implementation of those that have been published as British Standards, unless otherwise requested Information on standards BSI provides a wide range of information on national, European and international standards through its Library and its Technical Help to Exporters Service Various BSI electronic information services are also available which give details on all its products and services Contact Information Centre Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7111 Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7048 Email: info@bsigroup.com Subscribing members of BSI are kept up to date with standards developments and receive substantial discounts on the purchase price of standards For details of these and other benefits contact Membership Administration Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7002 Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7001 Email: membership@bsigroup.com Information regarding online access to British Standards via British Standards Online can be found at http://www.bsigroup.com/BSOL Further information about BSI is available on the BSI website at http:// www.bsigroup.com Copyright BSI Group Headquarters 389 Chiswick High Road, London, W4 4AL, UK Tel +44 (0)20 8996 9001 Fax +44 (0)20 8996 7001 www.bsigroup.com/ standards Copyright subsists in all BSI publications BSI also holds the copyright, in the UK, of the publications of the international standardization bodies Except as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 no extract may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without prior written permission from BSI This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade designations If these details are to be used for any other purpose than implementation then the prior written permission of BSI must be obtained Details and advice can be obtained from the Copyright and Licensing Manager Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7070 Email: copyright@bsigroup.com