BS EN 12697-40:2012 BSI Standards Publication Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 40: In situ drainability BS EN 12697-40:2012 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 12697-40:2012 It supersedes BS EN 12697-40:2005 which is withdrawn The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/510/1, Asphalt products A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application The British Standards Institution 2012 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012 ISBN 978 580 76740 ICS 93.080.20 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2012 Amendments issued since publication Date Text affected BS EN 12697-40:2012 EN 12697-40 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM June 2012 ICS 93.080.20 Supersedes EN 12697-40:2005 English Version Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 40: In situ drainability Mélanges bitumineux - Méthodes d'essai pour mélange hydrocarboné chaud - Partie 40: Drainabilité in situ Asphalt - Prüfverfahren für Heißasphalt - Teil 40: In-situDurchlässigkeit This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 May 2012 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels © 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members Ref No EN 12697-40:2012: E BS EN 12697-40:2012 EN 12697-40:2012 (E) Contents Page Foreword Scope Normative references Terms and definitions 6 Principle 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Apparatus .7 Permeameter 7 Standing board .9 Stopwatch .9 Thermometer Water .9 6.1 6.2 6.3 Procedure .9 Calibration Locations Measurement at each location 10 Calculation 10 Report 11 Precision 11 Annex A.1 A.2 A.3 A.4 A (normative) Apparatus calibration 12 Application 12 Volume calibration 12 Series resistance time, r 12 Parallel leakage time 12 Bibliography 14 BS EN 12697-40:2012 EN 12697-40:2012 (E) Foreword This document (EN 12697-40:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 227 “Road materials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2012 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights This document supersedes EN 12697-40:2005 List of main technical changes from the last edition are as follows : • The arrows showing the diameter of the standpipe are corrected from external diameter to internal diameter • In list of items in figure 1, descriptions of: 12 changed from “sponge rubber seal (sealed cell); uniaxial elasticity 0,9 MPa nominal” to “sponge rubber seal (sealed cell); thickness (20 ± 5) mm”; 13 changed from “base, synthetic resin bonded fabric” to “base, synthetic resin bonded fabric, thickness (13 ± 3) mm”; and 14 changed from “standing board (end elevation)” to “standing board (end elevation), thickness (20 ± 5) mm” • The length of surfacing represented by a test result has been removed • The correction factor for the temperature of the water has been removed This document is one of a series of standards as listed below: EN 12697-1, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 1: Soluble binder content EN 12697-2, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 2: Determination of particle size distribution EN 12697-3, Bituminous mixtures —Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 3: Bitumen recovery: Rotary evaporator EN 12697-4, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 4: Bitumen recovery: Fractionating column EN 12697-5, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 5: Determination of the maximum density EN 12697-6, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 6: Determination of bulk density of bituminous specimens EN 12697-7, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 7: Determination of bulk density of bituminous specimens by gamma rays EN 12697-8, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 8: Determination of void characteristics of bituminous specimens EN 12697-9, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 9: Determination of the reference density BS EN 12697-40:2012 EN 12697-40:2012 (E) EN 12697-10, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 10: Compactability EN 12697-11, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 11: Determination of the affinity between aggregate and bitumen EN 12697-12, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 12: Determination of the water sensitivity of bituminous specimens EN 12697-13, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 13: Temperature measurement EN 12697-14, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 14: Water content EN 12697-15, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 15: Determination of the segregation sensitivity EN 12697-16, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 16: Abrasion by studded tyres EN 12697-17, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 17: Particle loss of porous asphalt specimen EN 12697-18, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 18: Binder drainage EN 12697-19, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 19: Permeability of specimen EN 12697-20, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 20: Indentation using cube or cylindrical specimens (CY) EN 12697-21, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 21: Indentation using plate specimens EN 12697-22, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 22: Wheel tracking EN 12697-23, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 23: Determination of the indirect tensile strength of bituminous specimens EN 12697-24, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 24: Resistance to fatigue EN 12697-25, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 25: Cyclic compression test EN 12697-26, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 26: Stiffness EN 12697-27, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 27: Sampling EN 12697-28, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 28: Preparation of samples for determining binder content, water content and grading EN 12697-29, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 29: Determination of the dimensions of a bituminous specimen EN 12697-30, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 30: Indentation using cube or cylindrical specimens (CY) EN 12697-31, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 31: Indentation using cube or cylindrical specimens (CY) EN 12697-32, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 32: Laboratory compaction of bituminous mixtures by vibratory compactor BS EN 12697-40:2012 EN 12697-40:2012 (E) EN 12697-33, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 33: Specimen prepared by roller compactor EN 12697-34, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 34: Marshall test EN 12697-35, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 35: Laboratory mixing EN 12697-36, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 36: Determination of the thickness of a bituminous pavement EN 12697-37, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 37: Hot sand test for the adhesivity of binder on precoated chippings for HRA EN 12697-38, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 38: Common equipment and calibration EN 12697-39, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 39: Binder content by ignition EN 12697-40, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 40: In situ drainablility EN 12697-41, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 41: Resistance to de-icing fluids EN 12697-42, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 42: Amount of coarse foreign matter in reclaimed asphalt EN 12697-43, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 43: Resistance to fuel According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom BS EN 12697-40:2012 EN 12697-40:2012 (E) Scope This European Standard describes a method to determine the in-situ relative hydraulic conductivity, at specific locations, of a road surfacing that is designed to be permeable An estimate of the average value for the surfacing is obtained from the mean value of a number of determinations on each section of road The test measures the ability to drain water (drainability) achieved in-situ of a surfacing As such, it can be used as a compliance check to ensure that a permeable surface course has the required properties when it is laid The test can also be used subsequently to establish the change of drainage ability with time For the test to be valid, the surface of the test area should be clean and free from detritus Measurements can be made when a road is either wet or dry, but not if it is in a frozen state Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies EN 13036-1, Road and airfield surface characteristics — Test methods — Part 1: Measurement of pavement surface macrotexture depth using a volumetric patch technique Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply 3.1 outflow time time (s) that elapses for an outflow of 4,0 L through the permeameter, between the meniscus at the L mark and when it falls to the L mark 3.2 series resistance time, r outflow time(s) that is determined when the permeameter is located so the outlet is clear of any surfacing that could impede the exit of out-flowing water Note to entry: The method for calculating the series resistance time is given in Annex A Note to entry: The series resistance time is subtracted from measurements of outflow time when the permeameter is used on a surfacing of a pavement 3.3 parallel leakage time outflow time when the outlet is restricted by an impermeable surface 3.4 relative hydraulic conductivity (HC) reciprocal of the outflow time minus the series resistance time Note to entry: given in 5.1 The relative hydraulic conductivity is specific to apparatus as shown in Figure with the dimensions Principle A permeameter is used to determine the time taken for l of water to dissipate through an annular area of the surfacing of a pavement under known head conditions The reciprocal of the outflow time is then used to calculate the relative hydraulic conductivity of the surfacing BS EN 12697-40:2012 EN 12697-40:2012 (E) NOTE The result is relative, rather than absolute, because the time taken is dependent on the dimensions of the permeameter However, all measurements with the specified equipment should give mutually consistent results 5.1 Apparatus Permeameter Radial-flow falling head permeameter of the basic construction shown in Figure and with the following critical dimensions that has been calibrated in accordance with Annex A: internal diameter of standpipe (125 ± 0,5) mm, length of standpipe (560 ± 20) mm, diameter of orifice in base (48 ± 0,1) mm, taper to orifice (15 ± 0,5) °, diameter of rubber ball attached to plunger (51 ± 0,5) mm, external diameter of sponge rubber under base (300 ± 2) mm, internal diameter of sponge rubber under base (100 ± 2) mm The standpipe shall be a tube of acrylic or other transparent material that will allow the height of water to be observed at any time The standpipe shall be sealed to the base as to be watertight The closed cell sponge rubber seal should have a durometer hardness of 30 to 45 measured with a type 00 durometer according to ASTM D2240 BS EN 12697-40:2012 EN 12697-40:2012 (E) Dimensions in millimetres Key handle plunger support for sensors plunger rest sensor (optional) standpipe sensor (optional) support for sensors rubber ball 10 O-ring 11 Orifice 12 sponge rubber seal (sealed cell); thickness (20 ± 5) mm 13 base, synthetic resin bonded fabric, thickness (13 ± 3) mm 14 standing board (end elevation), thickness (20 ± 5) mm 15 standing board (plan view) 16 central hole 17 plywood 18 rubber foot, 25 mm high Figure — Typical permeameter and standing board (tolerances to dimensions given in 5.1) BS EN 12697-40:2012 EN 12697-40:2012 (E) 5.2 Standing board Standing board that fits over the permeameter, as illustrated in Figure 1, or mechanical means holding down the permeameter 5.3 Stopwatch Stopwatch, capable of measurement to 0,1 s NOTE A stopwatch activated by sensors placed inside the permeameter should be used for testing when the accuracy of the result is particularly important, including referee tests It is recommended for other cases as well 5.4 Thermometer Thermometer, capable of measurement to at least ± °C in the range °C to 30 °C 5.5 Water Clean water that is free from any solids or other impurities that would affect its flow Procedure 6.1 Calibration The permeameter shall be calibrated in accordance with Annex A 6.2 Locations 6.2.1 Mark on the pavement ten locations at 20 m centres along a diagonal across the laid width of the pavement to be measured NOTE A typical layout of test locations is shown in Figure Figure — Typical layout of test locations along a laid width 6.2.2 Measure the average outflow time at each location in accordance with 6.3 6.2.3 Calculate the relative hydraulic conductivity (HC) in accordance with Clause for the area of surfacing designated as being represented by the test BS EN 12697-40:2012 EN 12697-40:2012 (E) 6.3 Measurement at each location 6.3.1 Place the permeameter over the surfacing at the point where the relative hydraulic conductivity is to be measured Apply a vertical load uniformly on the base such that all four of the rubber feet on the standing board are in contact with the surface to be measured NOTE A load of between kN and kN should achieve this contact NOTE The load can be applied either mechanically or by two operatives of approximately the same mass standing on opposite sides of the standing board If two operatives are used, the heavier operative should not weigh more than 50 % more than the lighter operative 6.3.2 Fill the standpipe completely with clean water 6.3.3 Remove the plunger and hang it by its rest on the top of the standpipe Allow air bubbles to rise up through the water in the standpipe until they no longer rise through the water, which is dissipating into the road surface 6.3.4 If air bubbles are still rising through the water in the standpipe when the meniscus nears the L mark, replace the plunger and refill the standpipe to at least 50 mm above the L mark Without delay, remove the plunger and hang by its rest on the top of the standpipe 6.3.5 Repeat 6.3.4 until no bubbles are rising through the water in the standpipe when the meniscus nears the L mark NOTE The pores of the surface should be saturated by water for the test to give the required result, which can be achieved by emptying the permeameter of water before refilling and starting the actual test However, this procedure should not normally be needed if the permeameter is filled to well above the L mark 6.3.6 Start the stopwatch when the meniscus falls to the L mark Stop the stopwatch when the water level falls to the L mark Record the outflow time, ti,1, to the nearest 0,1 s 6.3.7 Repeat 6.3.2 to 6.3.6 in order to obtain ti,2 6.3.8 Calculate the average outflow time as (ti,1+ ti,2)/2 and the range as | ti,1 – ti,2| for the location, both to the nearest 0,1 s If the range exceeds % of the average outflow time, repeat 6.3.2 to 6.3.6 until the range criterion is met by two successive outflow times and discard outliers Record the average outflow time for location i, ti, to the nearest 0,1 s NOTE Locations where there is a transition gradient may produce results that are inferior to results obtained from the material under other circumstances Calculation 7.1 10 Calculate the average outflow time for the test, t, as the mean of the 10 values of ti for locations i = to 7.2 Calculate the relative hydraulic conductivity (HC) for the area using the equation: HC = (t − r ) where 10 t is the average outflow time expressed in seconds, (s); r is the series resistance outflow time expressed in seconds, (s) (1) BS EN 12697-40:2012 EN 12697-40:2012 (E) 7.3 –1 Report the relative hydraulic conductivity, to the nearest 0,001 s Report With reference to this document, the test report shall include the following information: a) identification of the site and location of the test measurements within the site; b) whether there was any slope away from the location of each test measurement; c) identification of the laboratory carrying out the tests; d) identification of the permeameter used and its series resistance time and parallel leakage time; e) method of loading the standing board and the load applied (with the masses of both operatives separately when that method is used); f) outflow times of each individual measurement; g) whether any determinations had to be repeated; h) relative hydraulic conductivity for the area; i) date and time of the test; j) name of the person taking technical responsibility for the test Precision Data have not yet been compiled that are suitable for use in developing precision statements for this method of determining the in situ drainability of a permeable road surfacing 11 BS EN 12697-40:2012 EN 12697-40:2012 (E) Annex A (normative) Apparatus calibration A.1 Application A.1.1 The calibrations shall be performed before using the equipment for the first time A.1.2 The parallel leakage time calibration shall be repeated periodically at least annually A.2 Volume calibration A.2.1 Stand the permeameter on a flat and level surface After inserting the plunger, fill the standpipe with (1 000 ± 0,5) ml of water using a volumetric flask of 000 ml capacity Mark the standpipe permanently at the meniscus level A.2.2 Fill the standpipe with a further (4 000 ± 1,0) ml of water using a volumetric flask of 000 ml (or multiple fillings using a volumetric flask of 000 ml or 000 ml) and again mark the standpipe at the new meniscus level A.3 Series resistance time, r A.3.1 Place the permeameter on blocks, of not less than 75 mm height, so that the 100 mm diameter aperture in the base is exposed Fit the plunger in the orifice A.3.2 Fill the standpipe completely with clean water Remove the plunger and hang by its rest on the top of the standpipe A.3.3 Start the stopwatch when the meniscus falls to the L mark Stop the stopwatch when the meniscus falls to the L mark A.3.4 Record the outflow time and repeat the measurement a further nine times Calculate the average outflow time in accordance with 7.2 Record the series resistance time, r, as the average outflow time, to the nearest 0,1 s A.4 Parallel leakage time A.4.1 Place the permeameter on a flat and level impermeable surface, whose texture, when measured in accordance with EN 13036-1, shall be in the range (0,8 to 1,2) mm Apply a load uniformly on the base of the apparatus such that all four of the rubber feet on the standing board are in contact with the surface to be measured Fit the plunger in the orifice NOTE A load of between kN and kN should achieve this contact NOTE The load can be applied either mechanically or by two operatives of approximately the same mass standing on opposite sides of the standing board If two operatives are used, the heavier operative should not weigh more than 50 % more than the lighter operative A.4.2 Fill the standpipe completely with clean water Remove the plunger and hang by its rest on the top of the standpipe Allow air bubbles to rise to the top and, if necessary, add more water to bring the water level above the top L mark after all bubbles have ceased rising 12 BS EN 12697-40:2012 EN 12697-40:2012 (E) A.4.3 Start the stopwatch when the meniscus falls to the L mark Stop the stopwatch when the meniscus falls to the bottom L mark, or end test if the outflow time exceeds 20 A.4.4 If the outflow time is less than 10 min, the leakage is excessive and the permeameter is unsuitable for use for this test 13 BS EN 12697-40:2012 EN 12697-40:2012 (E) Bibliography [1] EN 13108-7, Bituminous mixtures — Material specifications — Part 7: Porous Asphalt [2] ASTM D2240, Standard test method for rubber property — Durometer hardness 14 This page deliberately left blank NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT 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