BS EN 12697-35:2016 BSI Standards Publication Bituminous mixtures — Test methods Part 35: Laboratory mixing BS EN 12697-35:2016 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 12697-35:2016 It supersedes BS EN 12697-35:2004 which is withdrawn The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/510/1, Asphalt products A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application © The British Standards Institution 2016 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016 ISBN 978 580 87511 ICS 93.080.20 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2016 Amendments issued since publication Date Text affected EUROPEAN STANDARD BS EN 12697-35:2016 NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM EN 12697-35 ICS 93.080.20 April 2016 Supersedes EN 12697-35:2004+A1:2007 English Version Bituminous mixtures - Test methods - Part 35: Laboratory mixing Mélanges bitumineux - Méthodes d'essais - Partie 35 : Asphalt - Prüfverfahren - Teil 35: Labormischen Malaxage de laboratoire This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 January 2016 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels © 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref No EN 12697-35:2016 E worldwide for CEN national Members BS EN 12697-35:2016 EN 12697-35:2016 (E) Contents Page European foreword Scope Normative references Terms, definitions and symbols 3.1 Terms and definitions 3.2 Symbols Principle 10 Apparatus 10 Procedure 10 6.1 Mixing temperature 10 6.2 Preparation of aggregate and filler 11 6.3 Preparation of reclaimed asphalt 12 6.4 Preparation of binder 13 6.5 Mixing 13 Test report 15 Annex A (normative) Asphalt using foamed bitumen 16 A.1 General 16 A.2 Apparatus 16 A.3 Procedure using a laboratory foam generator 16 A.3.1 Preparation of aggregate and filler 16 A.3.2 Preparation of reclaimed asphalt 16 A.3.3 Preparation of binder 16 A.3.4 Mixing 17 A.3.5 Conditioning 17 A.4 Procedure using foam bitumen without a laboratory foam generator 17 A.4.1 Preparation of aggregate and filler 17 A.4.2 Preparation of reclaimed asphalt 17 A.4.3 Preparation of binder 17 A.4.4 Mixing 17 A.4.5 Conditioning 18 A.5 Procedure using a wet fraction of aggregate or reclaimed asphalt 18 A.5.1 Preparation of aggregate and filler 18 A.5.2 Preparation of reclaimed asphalt 18 A.5.3 Preparation of the wet fraction 18 BS EN 12697-35:2016 EN 12697-35:2016 (E) A.5.4 Preparation of binder 18 A.5.5 Mixing 18 A.5.6 Conditioning 19 Annex B (normative) Asphalt using bitumen emulsion 20 B.1 General 20 B.2 Procedure with wet particles 20 B.2.1 Preparation of aggregate and filler 20 B.2.2 Preparation of reclaimed asphalt 20 B.2.3 Preparation of binder (emulsion) 21 B.2.4 Mixing 21 B.3 Procedure with dry particles 21 B.3.1 Preparation of aggregate and filler 21 B.3.2 Preparation of reclaimed asphalt 21 B.3.3 Preparation of binder (emulsion) 21 B.3.4 Mixing 22 Annex C (normative) Preparing mastic asphalt 23 Bibliography 24 BS EN 12697-35:2016 EN 12697-35:2016 (E) European foreword This document (EN 12697-35:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 227 “Road materials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN This document supersedes EN 12697-35:2004+A1:2007 This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2016 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights Compared with EN 12697-35:2004+A1:2007, the following changes have been made: a) Title changed to allow inclusion of asphalt produced at lower temperatures; b) Annex A (normative) added for the manufacture of samples of asphalt with foamed bitumen; c) Annex B (normative) added for the manufacture of samples of asphalt with bitumen emulsion; d) Annex C (normative) added for the manufacture of samples from mastic asphalt; e) introduction of formula for super-heating aggregate when significant proportions of reclaimed asphalt are used; f) “Target mixing temperature” extended to “target laboratory mixing temperature” and used throughout the document; g) introduction of the term “Reference compaction temperature”; h) determination of reference compaction temperature in 6.1 extended, including an allowance to reduce it for asphalt mixtures designed to be produced at lower temperatures; i) the term “pen” removed from units in Table 1; j) the time to reach mixing temperature in 6.2.4 changed; k) “RAP” changed to “reclaimed asphalt” in 6.3; l) the option to defer adding the filler in 6.5.3 extended to allow deferring adding the fine aggregate as well or instead; m) added requirement for addition of cold reclaimed asphalt to the mixer; n) adjusted scope to be in line with text in Table BS EN 12697-35:2016 EN 12697-35:2016 (E) This European standard is one of a series of standards as listed below: — EN 12697-1, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 1: Soluble binder content — EN 12697-2, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods — Part 2: Determination of particle size distribution — EN 12697-3, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 3: Bitumen recovery: Rotary evaporator — EN 12697-4, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods — Part 4: Bitumen recovery: Fractionating column — EN 12697-5, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 5: Determination of the maximum density — EN 12697-6, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 6: Determination of bulk density of bituminous specimens — EN 12697-7, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 7: Determination of bulk density of bituminous specimens by gamma rays — EN 12697-8, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 8: Determination of void characteristics of bituminous specimens — EN 12697-10, Bituminous mixtures —Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 10: Compactability — EN 12697-11, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 11: Determination of the affinity between aggregate and bitumen — EN 12697-12, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 12: Determination of the water sensitivity of bituminous specimens — EN 12697-13, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 13: Temperature measurement — EN 12697-14, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 14: Water content — EN 12697-15, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 15: Determination of the segregation sensitivity — EN 12697-16, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods — Part 16: Abrasion by studded tyres — EN 12697-17, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 17: Particle loss of porous asphalt specimen — EN 12697-18, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 18: Binder drainage — EN 12697-19, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 19: Permeability of specimen — EN 12697-20, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 20: Indentation using cube or cylindrical specimens (CY) BS EN 12697-35:2016 EN 12697-35:2016 (E) — EN 12697-21, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 21: Indentation using plate specimens — EN 12697-22, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 22: Wheel tracking — EN 12697-23, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 23: Determination of the indirect tensile strength of bituminous specimens — EN 12697-24, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 24: Resistance to fatigue — EN 12697-25, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 25: Cyclic compression test — EN 12697-26, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 26: Stiffness — EN 12697-27, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 27: Sampling — EN 12697-28, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 28: Preparation of samples for determining binder content, water content and grading — EN 12697-29, Bituminous mixtures — Test method for hot mix asphalt — Part 29: Determination of the dimensions of a bituminous specimen — EN 12697-30, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 30: Specimen preparation by impact compactor — EN 12697-31, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 31: Specimen preparation by gyratory compactor — EN 12697-32, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 32: Laboratory compaction of bituminous mixtures by vibratory compactor — EN 12697-33, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 33: Specimen prepared by roller compactor — EN 12697-34, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 34: Marshall test — EN 12697-35, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods — Part 35: Laboratory mixing — EN 12697-36, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 36: Determination of the thickness of a bituminous pavement — EN 12697-37, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 37: Hot sand test for the adhesivity of binder on precoated chippings for HRA — EN 12697-38, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 38: Common equipment and calibration — EN 12697-39, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 39: Binder content by ignition — EN 12697-40, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 40: In situ drainability BS EN 12697-35:2016 EN 12697-35:2016 (E) — EN 12697-41, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 41: Resistance to de- icing fluids — EN 12697-42, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 42: Amount of foreign matter in reclaimed asphalt — EN 12697-43, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 43: Resistance to fuel — EN 12697-44, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 44: Crack propagation by semi-circular bending test — EN 12697-45, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 45: Saturation Ageing Tensile Stiffness (SATS) conditioning test — EN 12697-46, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 46: Low temperature cracking and properties by uniaxial tension tests — EN 12697-47, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 47: Determination of the ash content of natural asphalts — prEN 12697-48, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 48: Interlayer Bonding1) — EN 12697-49, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 49: Determination of friction after polishing — FprCEN/TS 12697-50, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods — Part 50: Resistance to scuffing1) — FprCEN/TS 12697-51, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods — Part 51: Surface shear strength test1) — prEN 12697-52, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods — Part 52: Conditioning to address oxidative ageing1) — prEN 12697-53, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods — Part 53: Cohesion increase by spreadability- meter method1) According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom 1) Currently at Enquiry stage BS EN 12697-35:2016 EN 12697-35:2016 (E) Scope This European Standard describes the laboratory mixing of bituminous materials for the manufacture of specimens The standard specifies the reference compaction temperatures for mixing based on the grade of the binder for paving grade and hard paving grade bitumen Annex A describes the method for manufacture of samples of asphalt mixtures using foamed bitumen Annex B describes the method for manufacture of samples of asphalt mixtures using bitumen emulsion Once mixed, mastic asphalt samples are prepared in accordance with Annex C Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies EN 58, Bitumen and bituminous binders - Sampling bituminous binders EN 1097-5, Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates - Part 5: Determination of the water content by drying in a ventilated oven EN 12591, Bitumen and bituminous binders - Specifications for paving grade bitumens EN 12697-30, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 30: Specimen preparation by impact compactor EN 12697-31, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 31: Specimen preparation by gyratory compactor EN 12697-32, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 32: Laboratory compaction of bituminous specimen by vibratory compactor EN 12697-33, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 33: Specimen prepared by roller compactor EN 12697-38, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 38: Common equipment and calibration EN 12697-42, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 42: Amount of foreign matter in reclaimed asphalt EN 13108-1, Bituminous mixtures - Material specifications - Part 1: Asphalt Concrete EN 13108-2, Bituminous mixtures - Material specifications - Part 2: Asphalt Concrete for very thin layers EN 13108-3, Bituminous mixtures - Material specifications - Part 3: Soft Asphalt EN 13108-4, Bituminous mixtures - Material specifications - Part 4: Hot Rolled Asphalt EN 13108-5, Bituminous mixtures - Material specifications - Part 5: Stone Mastic Asphalt EN 13108-6, Bituminous mixtures - Material specifications - Part 6: Mastic Asphalt BS EN 12697-35:2016 EN 12697-35:2016 (E) 6.2.2 Weigh the aggregate, including the filler, with an accuracy of 0,1 % The measured quantity shall correspond to the composition of the bituminous mixture and to the mass of the batch to be produced The mass of the batch shall take into account the effective capacity of the mixer 6.2.3 Weigh the additives (such as fibres), if any, with an accuracy of % 6.2.4 Before use, place all the material in a ventilated heating chamber until it has consistently reached the target laboratory mixing temperature ± °C 6.3 Preparation of reclaimed asphalt 6.3.1 If the mixture is to contain reclaimed asphalt, break up the reclaimed asphalt into separate aggregate particles Check the particles for foreign matter in accordance with EN 12697-42 Weigh the reclaimed asphalt with an accuracy of 0,1 % The measured quantity shall correspond to the proportion of the bituminous mixture and to the mass of the batch to be produced 6.3.2 If any reclaimed asphalt has to be dried before being heated, place the reclaimed asphalt in a ventilated heating chamber at (50 ± 10) °C in thin layer to constant mass 6.3.3 For mixtures where the reclaimed asphalt will be heated to the full target laboratory mixing temperature at the mixing plant, follow 6.3.4 For mixtures where the reclaimed asphalt will not be heated to the full target laboratory mixing temperature at the mixing plant or for mixtures where the procedure is not determined, follow 6.3.5 When heating the container, precautions shall be taken against the pressure inside the container becoming excessive NOTE Examples of such precautions are slightly loosening the cover, having small holes in the bin and/or agitating the bin periodically to avoid any build-up of pressure within it 6.3.4 Place the closed bin containing the reclaimed asphalt into a ventilated heating chamber at the target laboratory mixing temperature ± °C for (3,0 ± 1,0) h 6.3.5 Place the bin containing the reclaimed asphalt in a ventilated heated chamber at the reclaimed asphalt temperature ± °C for (2,5 ± 0,5) h The reclaimed asphalt temperature shall be the temperature as will be used at the plant or, if the temperature is not known, at 110 °C NOTE The temperature for reclaimed asphalt is usually limited to 110 °C in order to avoid further ageing the binder on the reclaimed asphalt 6.3.6 When a significant proportion of reclaimed asphalt is to be incorporated into the mixture at the reclaimed asphalt temperature, the other aggregates shall be heated higher than normal in accordance with Formula (1) depending on the proportion of reclaimed asphalt θFA = (100×θ TL−T − p ×θRA ) (1) (100 − p) NOTE Proportions over 20 % of reclaimed asphalt is generally regarded as a significant proportion 6.3.7 The fresh aggregate shall not be heated above 230 °C 12 BS EN 12697-35:2016 EN 12697-35:2016 (E) 6.3.8 Care shall be taken when raising the temperature to near or above 180 °C because of potential damage to the binder NOTE To mitigate any damage to the fresh aggregate, the reclaimed asphalt may have to be heated above 110 °C 6.3.9 When a significant proportion of reclaimed asphalt is to be incorporated into the mixture, the mixture can be combined and the compaction started when the reference temperature is reached 6.4 Preparation of binder Sample the binder in accordance to EN 58, pour into metal containers until nearly full and cover the container Heat the binder to the target laboratory mixing temperature by placing one or more of the containers in a ventilated heating chamber set at the target laboratory mixing temperature ± °C for a duration of between 3,0 h and 5,0 h NOTE The time for heating depends on the amount of binder Before mixing, open the containers, stir the binder manually and verify the temperature When heating the container, precautions shall be taken against the pressure inside the container becoming excessive, for example by slightly loosening the cover NOTE When mixing small quantities of asphalt with paving grade bitumen, the bitumen can be stored in a refrigerator and sampled by breaking and cutting of pieces to make up the required quantity The use of refrigerated bitumen avoids the need to obtain the exact quantity of bitumen by pouring when the required quantity is small 6.5 Mixing 6.5.1 Before mixing begins, pre-heat the mixer bowl or chamber to the target laboratory mixing temperature ± °C If hand mixture is undertaken, place the hot plate under the mixer bowl or chamber Hand mixing shall not be used for mixtures that include modified binders or reclaimed asphalt or for the preparation of samples to be used for some tests 6.5.2 Depending on the sequence that is employed, the initial aggregate sample shall consist of one of the following: — all or some of the coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and filler, or — all or some of the coarse aggregate and fine aggregate, or — all or some of the coarse aggregate and filler, or — all or some of the coarse aggregate only The remaining aggregate sample shall be the coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and filler in the mixture that is not in the initial aggregate sample NOTE The remaining aggregate sample can be nil if all the aggregate is included in the initial sample 6.5.3 Pour the weighed initial aggregate sample into the bowl or mixing chamber Mix the aggregate particles together Add the reclaimed asphalt, if any, and mix with the aggregate Add the binder and, where required, the admixtures to the preheated aggregate mixture Control the precise quantity of the binder by weighing the container to ± % of the mass during adding Mix the components in the mixing bowl (mixing chamber) If there is any remaining aggregate sample, stop mixing after about 30 s, add 13 BS EN 12697-35:2016 EN 12697-35:2016 (E) the remaining aggregate sample and then restart mixing Continue mixing until an intimate mixture is obtained, with the aggregate entirely coated with the binder Visually examine the mixture to ensure that the mixture is homogenous Complete the mixing within the time given in Table NOTE When cold reclaimed asphalt is included in the mixer, the mechanical mixing time can be extended 6.5.4 Other sequencing can also be used in order to obtain intimate mixture with a fully coating of the aggregates by the binder 6.5.5 When using refrigerated bitumen, the required quantity shall be introduced immediately with the aggregate in the mixer 6.5.6 In the case of incorporation of a high proportion of reclaimed asphalt, aggregates shall be mixed for 15 s to 45 s and the aggregate with the reclaimed asphalt for a further 15 s to 45 s Table — Maximum laboratory mixing times (Actual mixing time only) Mixture type Binder Reclaimed asphalt Mechanical mixing Hand mixing Stone mastic asphalt Paving grade Modified Not included min Included As appropriate Included or not As appropriate included Paving grade Not included min Other than stone mastic asphalt Included As appropriate Modified Included or not As appropriate included 6.5.7 If the composition includes any proprietary additives, follow the supplier’s instructions for its inclusion The addition of materials that are required in the mixture and production shall simulate the mixing procedure that is used in the planned production as far as is practical 6.5.8 Record the duration of the mixing and any deviations from the standard procedure NOTE After the mixing process, the bituminous mixture is ready for use in a test procedure as required 14 BS EN 12697-35:2016 EN 12697-35:2016 (E) Test report The report on the test(s) for which the samples are produced shall include the following: a) reference to this European Standard; b) the mixture composition; c) if required, the plot of the grain size distribution on a graph; d) the nature and origin of the component materials; e) the mixing method used (Hand mixing or Mechanical mixing) and the type of mixer; f) the mixing sequence; g) the temperature of mixing; h) the duration of mixing; i) whether the mixing was to Annex A or Annex B and, if to Annex B, to which of the procedures; j) any deviations from the procedure described in this European Standard 15 BS EN 12697-35:2016 EN 12697-35:2016 (E) Annex A (normative) Asphalt using foamed bitumen A.1 General A.1.1 Several processes are using foamed bitumen: 1) Type 1: Production of foamed bitumen by a special equipment 2) Type 2: Introduction of a wet fraction of aggregate or reclaimed asphalt in the mixer A.1.2 The preparation of the mixture in the lab should be representative of the industrial process A.1.3 Depending on the equipment of the laboratory, for the processes type 1, procedure A.3 or A.4 applies A.1.4 For processes type 2, procedure A.5 applies A.2 Apparatus Foam generator (if using Procedure A.3) A.3 Procedure using a laboratory foam generator A.3.1 Preparation of aggregate and filler As required in 6.2 A.3.2 Preparation of reclaimed asphalt As required in 6.3 A.3.3 Preparation of binder A.3.3.1 Prepare the foaming equipment according to the instructions of the manufacturer of the device A.3.3.2 The binder shall be prepared in accordance with 6.4 A.3.3.3 If an anti-strip additive is required, add the required mass ± 0,1 % of additive into the foaming equipment according to the instructions of the manufacturer of the device 16 BS EN 12697-35:2016 EN 12697-35:2016 (E) A.3.4 Mixing A.3.4.1 As required in 6.5 A.3.4.2 Pour the weighed aggregate samples, with the filler, with the fine aggregate and if required the reclaimed asphalt, into the bowl or mixing chamber Mix the aggregate particles together during about 30 s If required, add water to the mixture to adjust its water content to Optimum Add the foam bitumen and when required, the additives to the preheated aggregate mixture The mode of production of foam bitumen shall be calibrated in order to deliver the required mass of bitumen ± % Mix the components in the mixing bowl or mixing chamber Continue mixing until an intimate mixture is obtained, with the aggregate entirely coated with the binder Visually examine the mixture to ensure that the mixture is homogenous Complete the mixing within an appropriate time NOTE Determination of the Optimum Water Content is outside the scope of this standard A.3.4.3 Other sequences can also be used to obtain intimate mixture with a fully coating of the aggregates by the binder A.3.4.4 The foamed bitumen can be added by two foaming applications NOTE This split prevents the foamed bitumen from expanding out of the mixing bowl or mixing chamber and also may aid producing a more consistent homogeneous mixture A.3.5 Conditioning If the mixture requires conditioning to simulate transporting, it shall be placed in an oven at the target laboratory mixing temperature ± °C for (60 ± 15) before compaction A.4 Procedure using foam bitumen without a laboratory foam generator A.4.1 Preparation of aggregate and filler As required in 6.2 A.4.2 Preparation of reclaimed asphalt As required in 6.3 A.4.3 Preparation of binder The binder shall be prepared in accordance with 6.4 A.4.4 Mixing A.4.4.1 As required in 6.5 A.4.4.2 Pour the weighed aggregate samples, with the filler, with the fine aggregate and if required the reclaimed asphalt, into the bowl or mixing chamber Mix the aggregate particles together Add the required mass of bitumen ± % on one side of the aggregate/reclaimed-asphalt mixture, wait for s to 10 s, add the anti-strip additive with the water and other additives, if required according to the manufacturer‘s instructions, on the other side of the aggregate/reclaimed-asphalt mixture Close the mixing bowl or chamber and restart mixing during to Visually examine the mixture to ensure that the mixture is homogenous Complete the mixing within an appropriate time 17 BS EN 12697-35:2016 EN 12697-35:2016 (E) A.4.4.3 Other sequences can also be used to obtain intimate mixture with a fully coating of the aggregates by the binder A.4.5 Conditioning If the mixture requires conditioning to simulate transporting, it shall be placed in an oven at the target laboratory mixing temperature ± °C for (60 ± 15) before compaction A.5 Procedure using a wet fraction of aggregate or reclaimed asphalt A.5.1 Preparation of aggregate and filler A.5.1.1 As required in 6.2 with the exception of the wet fraction A.5.1.2 The temperature may be adjusted in order to fulfil the final mixture requirement A.5.2 Preparation of reclaimed asphalt As required in 6.3, when the reclaimed asphalt is not the wet fraction A.5.3 Preparation of the wet fraction A.5.3.1 Add the required moisture to the wet fraction of aggregate or reclaimed asphalt according to the instructions of the manufacturer of the foaming device A.5.3.2 Record the moisture of the wet fraction and determine the mass of wet material to be introduced in the mixture with an accuracy of 0,1 % A.5.4 Preparation of binder The binder shall be prepared in accordance with 6.4 A.5.5 Mixing A.5.5.1 As required in 6.5 A.5.5.2 Pour the weighed dry aggregate samples, with the filler, with the fine aggregate and the dry reclaimed asphalt, if required, into the bowl or mixing chamber Mix the aggregate particles together Add the binder and when required, the additives to the preheated aggregate/reclaimed-asphalt mixture Control the precise quantity of binder by weighing the container to ± % of the mass during adding Mix the components in the mixing bowl or mixing chamber A.5.5.3 Other sequences can also be used to obtain intimate mixture with a fully coating of the aggregates by the binder A.5.5.4 Stop the mixer and add the wet fraction and if required, water and/or additive according to the Manufacturer‘s instructions A.5.5.5 Continue mixing until an intimate mixture is obtained, with the aggregate entirely coated with the binder Visually examine the mixture to ensure that the mixture is homogenous Complete the mixing within an appropriate time A.5.5.6 The final temperature of the mixture shall be between 85 °C and 99 °C 18