BRITISH STANDARD AEROSPACE SERIES BS EN 2489 1995 Fibre reinforced plastics — Determination of the action of test fluids The European Standard EN 2489 1995 has the status of a British Standard UDC 678[.]
BRITISH STANDARD AEROSPACE SERIES Fibre reinforced plastics — Determination of the action of test fluids The European Standard EN 2489:1995 has the status of a British Standard UDC 678.067:621.193.19:629.7 ICS 49.040.10 BS EN 2489:1995 BS EN 2489:1995 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee ACE/64, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Plastics Federation Ministry of Defence Society of British Aerospace Companies Limited This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 December 1995 © BSI 12-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference ACE/64 Draft for comment 88/78341 DC ISBN 580 23108 Amendments issued since publication Amd No Date Comments BS EN 2489:1995 Contents Committees responsible National foreword Foreword Text of EN 2489 National annex NA (informative) Committees responsible National annex NB (informative) Cross-references © BSI 12-1999 Page Inside front cover ii Inside back cover Inside back cover i BS EN 2489:1995 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ACE/64 and is the English language version of EN 2489:1995 Aerospace series — Fibre reinforced plastics — Determination of the action of test fluids, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) EN 2489 was produced as a result of international discussions in which the United Kingdom took an active part Cross-reference Publication referred to Corresponding British Standard EN 2744:1992 BS EN 2744 Non-metallic materials Preferred test temperatures A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover ii © BSI 12-1999 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 2489 NORME EUROPÉENNE September 1995 EUROPÄISCHE NORM ICS 49.040.10 Descriptors: Aircraft industry, plastics, reinforced plastics, glass reinforced plastics, chemical tests, chemical resistance, chemical compounds, liquids English version Aerospace series — Fibre reinforced plastics — Determination of the action of test fluids Série aérospatiale — Plastiques renforcés de fibres — Détermination de l’action des fluides d’essais Luft- und Raumfahrt — Faserverstärkte Kunststoffe — Bestimmung des Einflusses von Prüfflüssigkeiten This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1995-09-19 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom CEN European Committee for Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Europäisches Komitee für Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels © 1995 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref No 2489:1995 E EN 2489:1995 Foreword Contents This European Standard has been prepared by the European Association of Aerospace Manufacturers (AECMA) After inquiries and votes carried out in accordance with the rules of this Association, this Standard has successively received the approval of the National Associations and the Official Services of the member countries of AECMA, prior to its presentation to CEN According to the Common CEN/CENELEC Rules, the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom Foreword Scope Normative references Principle Test fluids Apparatus Specimens Procedure Expression of results Designation 10 Test report Table Page 3 3 3 6 © BSI 12-1999 EN 2489:1995 Scope This standard specifies the method of immersion of fibre reinforced plastics in test fluids It does not give any directives to meet health and safety requirements It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to adopt appropriate health and safety precautions Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference provisions from other publications These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies EN 2379, Aerospace series — Test fluids for non-metallic materials1) EN 2743, Aerospace series — Reinforced plastics — Standard procedures for conditioning prior to testing1) EN 2744, Aerospace series — Non-metallic materials — Preferred test temperatures Principle Determine: — changes in appearance after immersion, or after immersion and drying; — changes in mechanical and physical characteristics immediately after immersion, or after immersion and drying Specimens in fibre reinforced plastics are subjected to a total immersion in the specified fluid for a specified period and temperature The characteristics are determined before and after immersion and possibly after elimination of the fluid by drying Test fluids 4.1 As detailed in the material standard unless otherwise specified NOTE EN 2379 shall be used as a basis 4.2 In case of a fluid of unknown or variable composition, it is important that all samples of fluids are taken from the same container NOTE This recommendation is valid only within the same series or programme of tests Apparatus 5.1 Glass beakers of a size suited to the dimensions of the specimens 5.2 Temperature controlled vessel capable of maintaining the beakers at the immersion temperature accurate to ± °C 5.3 Vapour condensation system, if required 5.4 Thermometer of appropriate scale and accuracy 5.5 Ventilated drying oven which can be maintained at the specified temperature accurate to ± °C 5.6 Sealable container (e.g desiccator) 5.7 Balance accurate to within 0,1 mg 5.8 Magnifying glass with magnification of 10 times Specimens A comparison between different fibre reinforced plastics using this method is only possible if the test specimens have the same shape, dimensions and condition (surface finish, etc.) 6.1 Cut at least five specimens from the laminate for each temperature and period of immersion and record their original position within the laminate 1) Published as AECMA Prestandard at the date of publication of this standard © BSI 12-1999 EN 2489:1995 If the tests alter the test specimens (in particular, destructive testing), an additional series of test specimens is required in order to act as a reference 6.2 For the shape, dimensions and fabrication method of the specimens see the test standard concerned If several test specimen sizes are specified, by preference the thickness closest to mm for glass fibre2) reinforced laminates and to mm for carbon fibre2) reinforced laminates shall be selected Procedure 7.1 Immersion temperatures If it is not specified in the material standard, choose in preference one of the following temperatures: — (23 ± 2) °C; — (70 ± 2) °C; — (100 ± 2) °C If another temperature is needed, select it from EN 2744 with a tolerance of ± °C Check that the temperature chosen is not too close to the glass transition temperature of the laminate 7.2 Duration of the immersion If it is not specified in the material standard, choose in preference one of the following periods of immersion: — 24 h for a short test; — weeks for a normal test; — 26 weeks for a long test The immersion time can, if required, be selected from Table Table Hours 16 AA AB AC AD AE Weeks 24 48 96 168 AF AG AH AJ BA BB 16 BD BE Years 26 52 1,5 BF BG CA CB CC CD CE Designation codes 7.3 Immersion (for each specimen) — Unless otherwise specified, immersion shall be carried out in the dark — Use at least ml of fluid per square centimeter of the total specimen surface area — Immerse the specimen completely When the specimens are composed of the same material, several may be placed in the same beaker, provided they not touch each other — Ensure that contact between specimens and beaker walls and specimen supports is point contact so as to ensure that as much as possible of the specimen is wetted — Cover the beakers and place them in the temperature controlled vessel — Stir the fluid at least once per day and readjust its level, if necessary — Replace the fluid periodically in order to ensure that its composition is maintained NOTE It may be necessary to check the fluid after immersion This check may be a simple visual examination or an analysis 7.4 Removal of the fluid Unless otherwise specified, it shall be removed by one of the following methods: — wiping; — rinsing then wiping; — drying (if applicable) 7.4.1 Rinsing and wiping At the end of the period of immersion, the temperature of the specimens may be brought to ambient temperature or to the test temperature by transferring them rapidly into a new quantity of fluid at the specified test temperature An immersion period of 15 to 30 shall be allowed before testing 2) For other fibres, complementary information will be introduced, if necessary, later © BSI 12-1999 EN 2489:1995 Remove the specimens from the fluid If necessary, rinse them with a product which does not affect the material and which is compatible with the fluid then wipe them with filter paper or lint-free cloth 7.4.2 Drying After immersion in a volatile fluid, dry in an oven at (70 ± 2) °C until constant mass is obtained, cool in a sealed container 7.5 Determination of the characteristics after immersion 7.5.1 Ambient temperature test (23 ± 2) °C Carry out the test within the 15 which follow the removal from the sealed container 7.5.2 Test at other than ambient temperature Place each specimen in the test fixture which is held at the specified temperature Maintain the specimen at the specified test temperature for a period which is: — either specified in the material standard; — or determined during preliminary tests For these tests, use an identical specimen which has been subjected to the same conditions of immersion and exposure to the same temperature on the same fixture Check that the exposure time is sufficient so that all points on the specimen achieve the specified temperature without an unacceptable loss of the absorbed fluid Expression of results 8.1 Visual aspect Examine each specimen after immersion, with the magnifying glass if necessary, while comparing it with a specimen that has not been immersed Note the observed changes according to the following characteristics: — colour (type and uniformity); — opacity for translucent laminates; — gloss of the surface; Record also if the following defects are present: — splits and cracks; — blisters, pitting or other similar defects; — degraded materials removed easily by rubbing; — tackiness; — delamination, warping or other distortion Scale of severity: none, low, medium, high 8.2 Physical and mechanical properties The action of fluids on the physical and mechanical properties of the material shall be expressed in one of the three following ways: — percentage change; — residual percentage; — change 8.2.1 Percentage change (%) 8.2.1.1 After immersion R2 – R1 × 100 R1 8.2.1.2 After immersion and drying R3 – R1 ì 100 R1 â BSI 12-1999 EN 2489:1995 where: — R1 is the mean of the results before immersion; — R2 is the mean of the results after immersion; — R3 is the mean of the results after immersion and drying 8.2.2 Residual percentage (%) 8.2.2.1 After immersion R 2- × 100 R1 8.2.2.2 After immersion and drying R 3- × 100 R1 8.2.3 Change 8.2.3.1 After immersion R2 – R1 8.2.3.2 After immersion and drying R3 – R1 Designation EXAMPLE: 10 Test report It shall contain the following: — number of this standard, — complete identification of the material or tested product (traceability); — type of specimens used, method of their preparation, dimensions, surface finish, etc., — location of the test specimens within the laminate; — identification of the fluid used, immersion temperature and time; — frequency of the additions or renewals of the fluid; — temperatures and duration of drying (if necessary); — test report of the tests performed; — exposure time at the test temperature (if required); — changes in visual aspect; — calculated changes (see 8.2); — results of examination of the fluid, when carded out; — any incident which may have affected the results © BSI 12-1999 BS EN 2489:1995 National annex NA (informative) Committees responsible The United Kingdom participation in the preparation of this European Standard was entrusted by the Aerospace Standards Policy Committee (ACE/-) to Technical Committee ACE/64, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Plastics Federation Ministry of Defence Society of British Aerospace Companies Limited National annex NB (informative) Cross-references The British Standards corresponding to the European Standards referred to in the text are identical in number and title with these given in clause with the exception of EN 2379 and EN 2743 for which no corresponding British Standards exist © BSI 12-1999 BS EN 2489:1995 BSI — British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level It is incorporated by Royal Charter Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using 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