www bzfxw com BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 641 1995 Reinforced concrete pressure pipes, cylinder type, including joints and fittings The European Standard EN 641 1994 has the status of a British Standard BS[.]
BRITISH STANDARD Reinforced concrete pressure pipes, cylinder type, including joints and fittings The European Standard EN 641:1994 has the status of a British Standard BS EN 641:1995 BS EN 641:1995 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee B/504, Water supply, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Consulting Engineers Association of Manufacturers of Domestic Unvented Supply Systems Equipment (MODUSSE) British Bathroom Council British Foundry Association British Non-Ferrous Metals Federation British Plastics Federation British Plumbing Fittings Manufacturers’ Association Department of the Environment Department of the Environment (Drinking Water Inspectorate) Fibre Cement Manufacturers’ Association Limited Institute of Plumbing Institution of Water and Environmental Management Local Authority Organizations Scottish Association of Directors of Water and Sewerage Services Water Companies Association Water Research Centre Water Services Association of England and Wales The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of this standard, through subcommittees and panels: Association of Metropolitan Authorities British Precast Concrete Federation Ltd Concrete Pipe Association Concrete Society Department of Transport Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors Institution of Civil Engineers Institution of Highways and Transportation This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Board for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 May 1995 © BSI 07-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference B/504 Draft for comment 92/12638 DC ISBN 580 24115 Amendments issued since publication Amd No Date Comments BS EN 641:1995 Contents Committees responsible National foreword Foreword Text of EN 641 © BSI 07-1999 Page Inside front cover ii i BS EN 641:1995 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee B/504, and is the English language version of EN 641 Reinforced concrete pressure pipes, cylinder type, including joints and fittings published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) EN 641 was published as a result of international discussion in which the UK took an active part A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages to 12 and a back cover This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover ii © BSI 07-1999 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 641 NORME EUROPÉENNE October 1994 EUROPÄISCHE NORM ICS 23.040.30; 23.040.50 Descriptors: Water pipelines, pressure pipes, potable water, water pipes, concrete tubes, reinforced concrete, armatures, metal plates, specifications, computation, equipment specifications, dimensions, tests English version Reinforced concrete pressures pipes, cylinder type, including joints and fittings Tuyaux pression en béton armé âme en tôle, joints et pièces spéciales compris Stahlbetondruckrohre mit Blechmantel einschlie¶lich Rohrverbindungen und Formstücke ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1994-10-26 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom CEN European Committee for Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Europäisches Komitee für Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels © 1994 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref No EN 641:1994 E EN 641:1994 Foreword This European Standard for concrete pipes is a standard which was prepared by WG 5, Concrete pipes, of the Technical Committee CEN/TC 164, Water supply, the Secretariat of which is held by AFNOR During preparation of this standard the provisional results already available of CEN/TC 164/WG 1, General requirements for external systems and components, and of CEN/TC 164/165/JWG 1, Structural design, were considered In accordance with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom Contents Foreword Introduction Scope Materials Design and fabrication of pipe 3.1 General requirements 3.1.1 General 3.1.2 Wall thickness 3.2 Design of pipe 3.2.1 Reinforced concrete pipe, steel cyclinder type, not pretensioned 3.2.2 Reinforced concrete pipe, steel cyclinder type, pretensioned 3.3 Reinforcement 3.3.1 Circumferential reinforcement 3.3.2 Longitudinal reinforcement 3.3.3 Positioning and cover to steel 3.4 Concrete and mortar 3.4.1 Mix design 3.4.2 Concrete strength Factory testing 4.1 Concrete test 4.2 Pipe test Annex A (informative) Typical design procedure excluding pretensioned type pipe Annex B (informative) Typical design procedure for pretensioned type pipe Figure A.1 — Bending stress diagram Figure A.2 — Typical arrangements of pipe reinforcement Figure A.3 — Stress distribution Table — Minimum design thickness tmin, minimum design thickness of the concrete lining ti,min, including the thickness of the cylinder Table B.1 — Table of kb values Page 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 5 ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ 11 10 11 © BSI 07-1999 EN 641:1994 Materials Introduction 1) The product in permanent or temporary contact with water, intended for human consumption, shall not adversly affect the quality of the drinking water and shall not contravene the CE Directives and EFTA Regulations on the quality of drinking water This standard is to be used together with the Common requirements standard (EN 639) When the relevant EN dealing with general requirements, such as General requirements for external systems and components (CEN/TC 164/WG 1), Materials in contact with water (CEN/TC 164/WG 3) and Structural design (CEN/TC 164/165/JWG1) are adopted, the current standards shall be revised, where appropriate, in order to ensure that these requirements comply with these relevant ENs To the present standard are attached: — Annex A (informative): Typical design procedure excluding pretensioned type pipe; — Annex B (informative): Typical design procedure for pretensioned type pipe Scope Design and fabrication of pipe 3.1 General requirements 3.1.1 General The pipe shall have the following principal features: — a welded steel cylinder with steel joint rings welded to each end; — a reinforcing cage or cages, in the form of a continuous helix of steel wire welded on to longitudinal bars, concentric steel hoops welded on to longitudinal bars, or welded steel fabric; — the cage can also be in the form of a steel rod wrapped directly on to the steel cylinder or on to a first concrete layer covering the steel cylinder; — a wall of dense concrete covering the steel cylinder and reinforcing cage or cages both inside and outside; — a joint so designed that it will be watertight under all conditions of service, either using an elastomeric sealing ring or with the steel end rings welded together on site ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ This European Standard specifies the requirements and manufacture of reinforced concrete pressure pipe cylinder type, that is not prestressed, in sizes from DN/ID 250 to DN/ID 4000 inclusive Pretensioned concrete cylinder pipe, in which the reinforcement is wrapped, under low tension, directly on to the steel cylinder is covered by this standard and is not normally manufactured in sizes above DN/ID 1400 Larger sizes can be manufactured based on the concepts of this standard These types of pipe are designed for the internal pressure, external loads and bedding conditions designated by the purchaser These types of pipes are also suitable for non-pressure load bearing applications 1) Materials are specified in clause of EN 639 (Common requirements) An additional requirement is specified as follows: the maximum size of the aggregate shall not exceed one third of the concrete wall thickness, on either side of the steel cylinder 3.1.2 Wall thickness Table shows the minimum design thickness of pipe wall and the minimum design thickness of concrete lining for each type of pipe Actual design loading conditions may require an increase in wall thickness At the spigot section of the pipe, the shape of the steel end ring may require the thickness of the lining to be less than that specified in Table The internal diameter shall be maintained within the tolerance specified by the Common requirements Should be considered as any product used for the conveyance and distribution of water for human consumption © BSI 07-1999 EN 641:1994 Table — Minimum design thickness tmin, minimum design thickness of the concrete lining ti,min, including the thickness of the cylinder DN/ID 250 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1250 1400 1500 1600 1800 2000 2100 2200 2400 2500 2600 2800 3000 3200 3500 4000 ti,min tmin mm mm 15 15 15 20 20 20 20 20 20 25 25 25 25 25 25 30 40 40 40 45 45 45 45 45 45 50 55 50 50 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 95 100 110 115 125 140 155 165 170 185 195 200 215 220 230 250 290 tmin pretensioned cylinder pipe mm 40 40 40 45 45 45 45 45 45 50 50 50 50 3.2 Design of pipe 3.2.1 Reinforced concrete pipe, steel cylinder type, not pretensioned The reinforcement of the pipe shall consist of a welded steel cylinder surrounded by one or more cages fabricated from concentric steel wire hoops, welded steel fabric or helically wound steel wire properly spaced and supported with longitudinal reinforcing or directly wrapped on to a first concrete layer covering the cylinder The cages can be either circular or elliptical In pipes designed for a maximum design pressure of more than 200 KPa, the cage shall be circular when the reinforcement consists of one cage only, and the external cage shall be circular when the reinforcement consists of two cages or more The minimum thickness of the steel cylinder shall be 1,5 mm The maximum centreline spacing of circumferentials shall be 100 mm The pipes shall be designed to resist the flexural and hoop stresses, resulting from each of the following conditions: — a combination of maximum design pressure and dead loads; — a combination of design pressure, dead loads and live loads Under these given conditions, the tensile stresses of the steel calculated as indicated in the typical design procedure shown in informative Annex A, shall not be greater than two thirds of the yield strength of the steel 3.2.2 Reinforced concrete pipe, steel cylinder type, pretensioned The reinforcement of the pipe shall consist of a welded steel cylinder on which a steel wire is directly wrapped under low tension The pipe steel content and disposition shall be such that the pipe shall withstand the hydrostatic pressure in both service and transient conditions; the thickness of the steel cylinder, plus the size and pitch of the helixes shall be such that the stress in steel shall not exceed: — half of the yield strength of steel when the pipe is subjected to the design pressure; — two thirds of the yield strength of steel when the pipe is subjected to the maximum design pressure The yield strength considered shall be the lower value of the steel cylinder and the spirals The increase of the diameter of the pipe at the springline due to external loads is calculated and checked in comparison with a maximum allowable value: ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ ¹x = 9,8 · 10–6 Di2 – 2,2 · 10–3Di where Di and ¹x are given in mm, Di being the design internal diameter of the pipe Informative Annex B gives a typical design procedure for calculating stresses under pressure and deformations of pipe when subjected to external loading 3.3 Reinforcement 3.3.1 Circumferential reinforcement The circumferential reinforcement shall consist of steel wire hoops with joints butt or lap welded; steel wire formed in a continuous helix with joints butt or lap welded or welded fabric shaped and lap welded To ensure quality of joints representative specimens shall be tensile tested during which the strength of the weld shall exceed the strength of the parent steel © BSI 07-1999 EN 641:1994 The clear space between circumferential wires shall be not less than 1,25 times the maximum size of the coarse aggregate or 12 mm, whichever is the greater For pretensioned concrete pressure pipe the circumferential reinforcement shall consist of a steel wire directly wound on to the steel cylinder The wrapping tension shall be not less than 50 MPa, and not greater than 70 MPa The tensile stress shall be checked during the winding operation For the pretensioned pipe, a cement slurry shall be projected on to the steel cylinder prior to wrapping of the steel rod reinforcement This slurry shall consist of 1,2 kg of cement to l of water, and shall be applied at a rate of not less than litre per square metres 3.3.2 Longitudinal reinforcement For pipes below 1000 DN/ID, a water cement ratio of 0,5 is allowed provided the minimum cement content is 385 kg per cubic metre of concrete 3.4.2 Concrete strength The minimum 28 day compressive strength of the concrete shall be 35 MPa (see 4.1) Factory testing Factory testing is specified in subclause 5.3 of EN 639 (Common requirements) Additional requirements are specified as follows 4.1 Concrete test A minimum quantity of three cylinders or cubes per week of manufacture and per mix type of concrete shall be tested for the 28 day compressive strength (see 3.4.2) 4.2 Pipe test The circumferential reinforcement in cages shall be accurately spaced and rigidly assembled by means of longitudinal bars or wires securely attached so that the cage is maintained in proper shape and position during the casting of the pipe Reinforcement cages formed by steel wire wrapped directly on to the steel cylinder or on to a concrete layer external to the cylinder not require longitudinal bars One in 250 pipes shall be subjected to an internal hydrostatic test Should a pipe fail the test, then a further two pipes from the same batch of 250 shall be tested If both pipes pass then the batch shall be accepted If one or both pipes fail then the batch shall be rejected or each pipe in the batch shall be tested for individual approval The finished pipe shall be subjected to a pressure test at: — maximum design pressure + 200 kPa or 1,2 times the maximum design pressure, whichever is the greater, for DN/ID less than or equal to 1200; — maximum design pressure + 100 kPa or 1,2 times the maximum design pressure, whichever is the greater, for DN/ID above 1200 The pipe is restrained within a hydrostatic test rig and pressure tested for a period of During the test the pipe shall be absolutely watertight and show no leaks, weeping or defects considered detrimental to the pipe’s performance No crack in the external surface shall be wider than 0,5 mm on a length exceeding 300 mm in accordance with 6.4.11 of EN 639 ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ 3.3.3 Positioning and cover to steel Reinforcement cages may be circular, elliptical or a combination of both The minimum cover to steel shall be one times the maximum size of aggregate or: — 15 mm for pipe less than 800 DN/ID; — 20 mm for pipe equal to or greater than 800 DN/ID; whichever is the greater 3.4 Concrete and mortar 3.4.1 Mix design The minimum cement content shall be 300 kg per cubic metre of concrete or mortar The water cement ratio of the concrete or mortar shall be suitable for the method of placement and shall not exceed 0,45 after compaction © BSI 07-1999 EN 641:1994 Annex A (informative) Typical design procedure excluding pretensioned type pipe A.1 General The following guidelines for structural analysis show a typical method for the design of reinforced concrete cylinder pipe These guidelines apply to all general cases The pipe should be designed for the conditions given in 3.2.1 so that the tensile stress in the steel does not exceed the allowable stress as specified in 3.2.1 A.2 Notation Di Pipe internal diameter t Pipe wall thickness tsc Steel cylinder thickness Asc Cross sectional area of steel cylinder per unit length As Cross sectional area of spirals per unit length Ast Total cross sectional area of steel per unit length Es Elastic modulus of steel Ec Elastic modulus of concrete M1 Bending moment per unit length in a longitudinal section of the pipe N1 Normal force per unit length created in the longitudinal section of the pipe by the internal pressure M2 Longitudinal bending moment of a span-pipe N2 Longitudinal force due to pipe end-loading by the internal pressure fsc Tensile stress in steel cylinder fsce Yield strength of the steel cylinder fs Tensile stress in the spirals fc Compressive stress in concrete rm Pipe mean radius A1 Area of steel in tension, per unit length A2 Area of steel in compression, per unit length yh Distance between the steel in tension and the extreme concrete fibre in compression yz Lever arm ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ A.3 Loads and forces Dead and live loads, coefficients for cross-sectional bending moments and thrust calculations and bedding angle should be determined in accordance with appropriate national standards transposing EN as available, or in the absence of such standards, with the appropriate regulations or recognized and accepted methods at the place where the pipeline is installed (Normal forces due to external loads are are normally neglected) Conventions: — positive moment: a moment which gives tension in the inside fibre of the pipe wall; — negative moment: a moment which gives tension in the outside fibre of the pipe wall A normal force should be considered as a negative one when it induces compression in the pipe wall and positive when it induces tension © BSI 07-1999 EN 641:1994 A.4 Calculation of stresses Stresses are calculated in the sections where respectively the maximum positive and negative bending moments occur Figure A.1 — Bending stress diagram Each section operates under compound bending (bending moment + normal force) The normal force being mainly a positive force due to internal pressure, it is advisable to use the principle of summation by adding the pressure stresses to the circular bending stresses A.4.1 Hoop stresses due to internal pressure (P) N PD f aP = -1- = -iA st 2Ast A.4.2 Circular stress in steel due to bending moment The calculation of stress is made in two different ways depending on whether the reinforcement is: — low yield strength plain wire (normally 215 MPa), — high yield strength indented wires (normally 400 or 500 MPa) The calculation of stresses for each section is made in accordance with current practice of reinforced concrete design, on the basis of the following diagram, where the tensile strength of the concrete is neglected: © BSI 07-1999 EN 641:1994 Figure A.2 — Typical arrangements of pipe reinforcement The section where maximum positive bending moment occurs is normally the invert where the tensioned steel is the steel cylinder [see Figure A.2 a)], or a combination of steel cylinder and helixes [see Figure A.2 b) and Figure A.2 c)] The section where maximum negative moment occurs is normally the springline where the tensioned steel is the external cage of helixes or a combination of the internal elliptical cage and the external cage A.4.2.1 Low yield strength steel The tensile stress in the tensioned steel (steel cylinder or helixes, or combination of both) is calculated using the formula: M1 fam = -yz A © BSI 07-1999 EN 641:1994 A.4.2.2 High yield strength steel In the section where the maximum negative bending moment occurs (normally springline), the tensile stress in the tensioned steel (normally the helixes of the external cage) is calculated as in A.4.2.1 In the section where the maximum positive bending moment occurs (normally the invert), the calculation is made as in A.4.2.1 when the reinforcement consists of one circular cage only When the reinforcement is as shown in Figure A.2 b) and Figure A.2 c), the design model used for calculation takes into account the redistribution of stresses between the steel cylinder and the helixes once the yield strength of the steel cylinder fsce is reached, in an ultimate state approach An equivalent model of this stress redistribution is used to calculate serviceability state, where the allowable tensile stresses in the steel are limited to two thirds of the yield strength The tensile force in steel due to bending is distributed between the cylinder and the helixes, proportionally to the steel section, up to a total (bending + pressure) stress of 2/3fsce, and only in the helixes for the part of this tensile force which gives total stresses higher than 2/3fsce The calculation is made as follows: — calculate M1 f aM = (similar to A.4.2.1); Yz A1 — if fa = faM + fap k 2/3fsce, faM is the tensile bending stress in the steel cylinder and in the helixes of the internal cage; — if fa > 2/3fsce, the bending stress in the cylinder and in the helixes are considered separately: — the bending stress in the cylinder is: fscM = 2/3fsce – fap — the bending stress in the helixes is calculated considering the total tensile force due to bending taken by the cylinder and the helixes is: F = faM(Asc + As) — the force taken by the cylinder is: Fsc = fMsc Asc = (2/3fsce – fap) Asc — the force to be taken by the helixes is therefore: Fs = F – Fsc = faM (Asc + As) – (2/3fsce – fap) Asc The bending stress in the helixes is: F fs = -sAs A.4.3 Total circular stresses in longitudinal sections of the pipe fa = fap + faM A.4.4 Longitudinal stresses in pipe cross section When the pipeline is end-loaded, a longitudinal stress occurs in the cylinder; it is equal to: N2 PD f cs = = i ;D i t sc 4t sc A.5 Calculation of stresses in span-pipes A.5.1 Circular stresses They are calculated using the same formula as detailed in A.4 when applied to bending moments and forces calculated on the basis of Annex B of EN 639 (Common requirements) A.5.2 Longitudinal stresses The bending moment induces longitudinal stresses which are distributed in the cross section as shown in Figure A.3 © BSI 07-1999 EN 641:1994 Figure A.3 — Stress distribution Non end-loaded pipeline The position of the neutral axis is defined by angle ! such as: (tan µ – µ)(t – tsc) = ; ntsc The tensile stress in the cylinder is given by: N2 = 2ktrm2 cos µ [;na – (1 – a) (tan µ – µ)] (1) fsc = nkrm (1 + cos µ) k and ! being computed by solving the equations (1) and (2) (2) End-loaded pipeline The cross section of pipe is subjected to compound bending, under the moment M2 and the normal tensile stress N2 The position of the neutral axis is defined by the angle µ: with tsc a = t and M eo = -2N2 10 © BSI 07-1999 EN 641:1994 Annex B (informative) Typical design procedure for pretensioned type pipe B.1 General The following guidelines for structural analysis show a typical method for the design of pretensioned type pipe The pipes should be designed for the conditions given in 3.2.2 so that the tensile stress in the steel does not exceed the allowable stress as specified in 3.2.2 The deflection of the pipe due to external loads is checked against a maximum allowable value as specified in 3.2.2 The attention of the designer is drawn to the fact that the pipe becomes relatively less rigid for larger diameters It is thus more dependent on support from lateral earth restraint (passive pressure) in resisting external loads B.2 Notation Same as in informative Annex A B.3 Calculation of deformation under load Dead and live loads and bedding angles shall be determined in accordance with appropriate national standards transposing EN as available, or in the absence of such standards, with the appropriate regulations or recognized and accepted methods at the place where the pipeline is installed The design is based upon an empirical formula determined from research and experimentation The increase of diameter at the springline of pipe is calculated by using, for example, the Spangler formula: where ¹x increase of diameter at the springline; D1 deflection lag factor ( = for pressure pipes); kb bedding coefficient (see table below); Qv flexural rigidity of pipe wall (computed wall stiffness); Ei vertical load on pipe; E½ " modulus of soil reaction; bedding angle Table B.1 — Table of kb values kb ¶/2(°) 15 22,5 30 45 60 75 90 © BSI 07-1999 0,110 0,108 0,105 0,102 0,096 0,090 0,085 0,083 11 EN 641:1994 The computed wall stiffness should be one fourth of the value derived from the composite wall section of pipe, with: — Ec concrete modulus of elasticity = 28 000 MPa; — Ea steel modulus of elasticity = 200 000 MPa B.4 Calculation of stresses in steel due to hydrostatic pressure (P) The stress in steel fa is calculated as follows: PD f a = -i2A st 12 © BSI 07-1999 blank 13 BS EN 641:1995 BSI — British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level It is incorporated by Royal Charter Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee responsible, the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover Tel: 020 8996 9000 Fax: 020 8996 7400 BSI offers members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensures that subscribers automatically receive the latest editions of standards Buying standards Orders for all BSI, international and foreign standards publications should be addressed to Customer Services Tel: 020 8996 9001 Fax: 020 8996 7001 In response to orders for international standards, it is BSI policy to supply the BSI implementation of those that have been published as British Standards, unless otherwise requested Information on standards BSI provides a wide range of information on national, European and international standards through its Library and its Technical Help to Exporters Service Various BSI electronic information services are also available which give details on all its products and services Contact the Information Centre Tel: 020 8996 7111 Fax: 020 8996 7048 Subscribing members of BSI are kept up to date with standards developments and receive substantial discounts on the purchase price of standards For details of these and other benefits contact Membership Administration Tel: 020 8996 7002 Fax: 020 8996 7001 Copyright Copyright subsists in all BSI publications BSI also holds the copyright, in the UK, of the publications of the internationalstandardization bodies Except as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 no extract may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without prior written permission from BSI This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade designations If these details are to be used for any other purpose than implementation then the prior written permission of BSI must be obtained BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL If permission is granted, the terms may include royalty payments or a licensing agreement Details and advice can be obtained from the Copyright Manager Tel: 020 8996 7070