BS EN 1915-1:2013 BSI Standards Publication Aircraft ground support equipment — General requirements Part 1: Basic safety requirements BS EN 1915-1:2013 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1915-1:2013 It supersedes BS EN 1915-1:2001+A1:2009 which is withdrawn The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee ACE/57, Air cargo and ground support equipment A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application © The British Standards Institution 2013 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013 ISBN 978 580 70182 ICS 49.100 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2013 Amendments issued since publication Date Text affected BS EN 1915-1:2013 EN 1915-1 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM January 2013 ICS 49.100 Supersedes EN 1915-1:2001+A1:2009 English Version Aircraft ground support equipment - General requirements - Part 1: Basic safety requirements Matériels au sol pour aéronefs - Exigences générales Partie : Exigences fondamentales de sécurité Luftfahrt-Bodengeräte - Allgemeine Anforderungen - Teil 1: Grundlegende Sicherheitsanforderungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 November 2012 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels © 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members Ref No EN 1915-1:2013: E BS EN 1915-1:2013 EN 1915-1:2013 (E) Contents Page Foreword .4 Introduction Scope Normative references .8 Terms and definitions List of hazards 11 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 5.20 5.21 5.22 5.23 5.24 5.25 5.26 5.27 5.28 Safety requirements and/or protective measures 11 General 11 Accommodation for driver and other persons 12 Driver's cabin 12 Controls 13 Safety related parts 15 Monitoring devices and displays 15 Steering devices 15 Brakes for travelling purposes or equivalent devices 16 Wheel assemblies - Centre split rims 17 Touchable surfaces - Exhaust 17 Lights and reflectors for traffic purposes 17 Auditory signal devices 18 Standing areas and walkways on GSE 18 Means of access 20 Crushing and shearing points 20 Securing of load 21 Moveable bodies, assemblies and attachments 21 Hydraulic and pneumatic systems 21 Stability and strength 22 Lifting systems 23 Lifting devices 23 Lifting/work platforms 24 Operating speeds 24 Towing couplings, drawbars and towbars 25 Service connections 25 Electrical design, components and batteries 25 Fire protection 26 Lasers 26 6.1 6.2 Information for use 26 Marking 26 Instructions 28 7.1 7.2 7.3 Verification of safety requirements and/or measures 28 General 28 Guard rails 29 Ladders 29 Annex A (normative) List of hazards 30 Annex B (informative) Trilingual list of GSE 34 Annex C (normative) Design of service brakes 35 C.1 Self-propelled GSE 35 BS EN 1915-1:2013 EN 1915-1:2013 (E) C.2 GSE trains .36 Annex D (normative) Types of access to GSE 37 D.1 Rung type and ladder steps 37 D.2 Stepladders 40 D.3 Stairs .41 D.4 Footholds 42 Annex E (informative) Examples of safety measures to reduce the risk of crushing and shearing under the load carrier when it is not possible to meet the requirements in 5.15 44 Annex F (informative) Examples for hose and fittings installation 45 F.1 General 45 F.2 Avoidance of external damage 47 F.3 Reducing bending stress .47 F.4 Avoidance of torsional stress 47 F.5 Installation aids 48 F.6 Protection against external temperature rises 49 Annex G (normative) Falling hazard symbol .50 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC on machinery .51 Bibliography 52 BS EN 1915-1:2013 EN 1915-1:2013 (E) Foreword This document (EN 1915-1:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 274 “Aircraft ground support equipment”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2013 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights This document supersedes EN 1915-1:2001+A1:2009 This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s) For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document EN 1915, Aircraft ground support equipment ― General requirements, consists of the following parts: Part 1: Basic safety requirements (the present document); Part 2: Stability and strength requirements, calculations and test methods; Part 3: Vibration measurement methods and reduction; Part 4: Noise measurement methods and reduction EN 12312, Aircraft ground support equipment ― Specific requirements, consists of the following parts: Part 1: Passenger stairs; Part 2: Catering vehicles; Part 3: Conveyor belt vehicles; Part 4: Passenger boarding bridges; Part 5: Aircraft fuelling equipment; Part 6: Deicers and deicing/antiicing equipment; Part 7: Air-craft movement equipment; Part 8: Maintenance stairs and platforms; Part 9: Container/Pallet loaders; Part 10: Container/Pallet transfer transporters; Part 11: Container/Pallet dollies and loose load trailers; BS EN 1915-1:2013 EN 1915-1:2013 (E) Part 12: Potable water service equipment; Part 13: Lavatory service equipment; Part 14: Disabled/incapacitated passenger boarding vehicles; Part 15: Baggage and equipment tractors; Part 16: Air start equipment; Part 17: Air conditioning equipment; Part 18: Nitrogen or Oxygen units; Part 19: Aircraft jacks, axle jacks and hydraulic tail stanchions; Part 20: Electrical ground power units The main changes compared to the previous edition are: a) Amendment A1:2009 was incorporated; b) the Scope was updated; c) Clause 2, Normative references, was updated; d) more terms and definitions were added; e) List of hazards was moved to Annex A (the following Annexes were re-numbered); f) 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 were changed; g) 5.5, Safety related parts, was inserted, thus making it necessary to re-number the following clauses; h) 5.6 to 5.28 were changed and re-numbered; i) 6.2 was changed; j) Clause was changed; k) a term was added to the trilingual list of GSE in Annex B; l) Clauses D.2, D.3 and D.4 were added; m) Annex G was added; n) Annex ZA referring to the Machinery directive 98/37/EC was replaced by Annex ZA referring to the new Machinery directive 2006/42/EC; o) the Bibliography was updated According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom BS EN 1915-1:2013 EN 1915-1:2013 (E) Introduction The abbreviation GSE means a complete item of aircraft ground support equipment in the context of this European Standard When compiling this European Standard it was assumed that: a) GSE is operated only by competent persons on the airport ramp; b) components without specific requirements are: 1) designed in accordance with good engineering practice and calculation codes; 2) of sound mechanical and electrical construction; 3) made of materials with adequate strength and of suitable quality; 4) made of materials free of defects; c) materials known to be harmful, such as asbestos, are not used as part of GSE; d) components are kept in good repair and working order, so that the required characteristics remain despite wear; e) by design of the load bearing elements, a safe operation of the machine is assured for loading ranges from zero to 100 % of the rated possibilities and during tests; f) the particular conditions of use and place of use have been established; g) the place of operation allows a safe use of GSE The extent to which hazards are covered is indicated in the scope of this European Standard Enumerations in this European Standard are not to be considered exclusive, they are compiled according to the present state of the art The minimum essential criteria are considered to be of primary importance in providing safe, economical and usable GSE Deviations should occur only after careful consideration, extensive testing and thorough in service evaluation have shown alternative methods or conditions to be satisfactory Such deviations are outside the scope of this standard and a manufacturer should be able to demonstrate an equivalent level of protection This European Standard is a Type C standard as defined in EN ISO 12100 BS EN 1915-1:2013 EN 1915-1:2013 (E) Scope This European Standard applies to GSE when used in civil air transport as intended by the manufacturer and contains safety requirements relating to the equipment in general This European Standard specifies the technical requirements to minimise the hazards listed in Clause which can arise during the commissioning, operation and maintenance of GSE when used as intended including misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer, when carried out in accordance with the specifications given by the manufacturer or his authorised representative It also takes into account some requirements recognised as essential by authorities, aircraft and ground support equipment (GSE) manufacturers as well as airlines and handling agencies This part of EN 1915 is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1915-2, EN 1915-3 (for self-propelled GSE) and EN 1915-4, and with the relevant part of EN 12312 to give the requirements for the types of GSE within the scope of EN 12312 When EN 12312 does not contain a relevant part for a GSE, EN 1915 (all parts) gives general requirements that may apply, although additional machine specific requirements, to be determined by the manufacturer, are likely to be required This part of EN 1915 does not apply to automotive parts approved for public vehicles in the EU and EFTA, when used on GSE for the purpose for which they are designed This part of EN 1915 does not establish additional requirements for the following: a) operation elsewhere than in an airport environment; b) operation in severe conditions, e.g ambient temperature below -20 °C or over 50 °C, tropical or saturated salty atmospheric environment, strong magnetic or radiation field; c) operation subject to special rules, e.g potentially explosive atmosphere except as regards operation in the vicinity of an aircraft fuel tank during fuelling operation; d) hazards caused by power supply other than from electrical networks; e) hazards occurring during construction, transportation, commissioning and decommissioning of the GSE; f) hazards caused by wind velocity in excess of the figures given in this European Standard; g) direct contact with food stuffs; h) earthquake, flood, landslide, lightning and more generally any exceptional natural event; i) electromagnetic compatibility (EMC); j) hazards caused by noise and vibration, see EN 1915-3 and EN 1915-4 While this standard gives some basic requirements for wireless remote controls, additional requirements will be necessary This part of EN 1915 is not applicable to GSE which are manufactured before the date of publication by CEN of this Standard BS EN 1915-1:2013 EN 1915-1:2013 (E) Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies EN 894-1, Safety of machinery ― Ergonomic requirements for the design of displays and control actuators ― Part 1: General principles for human interactions with displays and control actuators EN 894-3, Safety of machinery ― Ergonomic requirements for the design of displays and control actuators ― Part 3: Control actuators EN 953, Safety of machinery ― Guards ― General requirements for the design and construction of fixed and moveable guards EN 982, Safety of machinery ― Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components ― Hydraulics EN 983, Safety of machinery ― Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components ― Pneumatics EN 1915-2, Aircraft ground support equipment ― General requirements ― Part 2: Stability and strength requirements, calculations and test methods EN 1915-3, Aircraft ground support equipment ― General requirements ― Part 3: Vibration measurement methods and reduction EN 1915-4, Aircraft ground support equipment ― General requirements ― Part 4: Noise measurement methods and reduction EN 12312 (all parts), Aircraft ground support equipment ― Specific requirements EN 13501-1:2007, Fire classification of construction products and building elements ― Part 1: Classification using data from reaction to fire tests EN 60073, Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identification ― Coding principles for indicators and actuators (IEC 60073) EN 60204-1, Safety of machinery ― Electrical equipment of machines ― Part 1: General requirements (IEC 60204-1:2005, modified) EN 60529:1991, 1) Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code) (IEC 60529:1989) EN 60825-1, (IEC 60825-1) Safety of laser products ― Part 1: Equipment classification and requirements EN ISO 3411, Earth-moving machinery ― Physical dimensions of operators and minimum operator space envelope (ISO 3411) EN ISO 3457, Earth-moving machinery ― Guards ― Definitions and requirements (ISO 3457) EN ISO 6682, Earth-moving machinery ― Zones of comfort and reach for controls (ISO 6682) EN ISO 7731:2008, Ergonomics ― Danger signals for public and work areas ― Auditory danger signals (ISO 7731:2003) 1) This document is impacted by the draft amendment EN 60529:1991/A1:2000 BS EN 1915-1:2013 EN 1915-1:2013 (E) D.4 Footholds Footholds shall be provided as part of the structure of the GSE (see Figure D.4 a)), or as additional hinge mounted means (see Figure D.4 b)) and shall be used only up to a maximum m access height Hinge mounted means shall be considered only in relation to maintenance access a) Footholds provided as part of the structure shall comply with the following: 1) the first step shall be installed max 500 mm above ground level; 2) step tread depth: 80 mm; 3) step tread width: 300 mm; 400 mm are recommended; 4) vertical foot clearance: 150 mm; 200 mm are recommended; 5) horizontal foot clearance: 150 mm; 6) distance between steps: max 400 mm; 300 mm are recommended; 7) all steps treads shall have a durably slip-resistant floor surface, and be made in such a way that any liquids, e g water or de-icing fluid, spilled onto them drain away and to reduce the risk of dirt, snow, or ice accumulating; 8) handrails or handholds shall be installed in adequate number and arranged appropriately in order to ensure the possibility for a person to support itself at three points simultaneously; NOTE Continuous handrails are preferred to handholds 9) handrails or handholds shall be mounted in either case beginning at a height of at most 1,6 m and shall end at least 1,1 m above the step over area; NOTE Exceptions are possible for vehicles (GSE) with height restrictions necessary for tasks (e.g tow tractors) 10) diameter of the handrails or handholds: 25 mm, max 35 mm; 11) gap between handrail or handhold and any obstacle: min: 75 mm; 100 mm are recommended; 12) handrails or handholds shall be constructed to withstand a minimum single vertical load F = 000 N and a single horizontal load F = 500 N applied at the most unfavourable point b) Footholds provided as additional hinge mounted means shall comply with the following: 42 1) the first step shall be installed max 500 mm above ground level; 2) step tread depth: 150 mm; 3) step tread width: 150 mm; 4) distance between steps: max 400 mm, 300 mm are recommended; 5) parallel offset of consecutive steps: 50 mm; max 150 mm; 6) all steps treads shall have a durably slip-resistant floor surface, and be made in such a way that any liquids, e g water or de-icing fluid, spilled on them drain away and to reduce the risk of dirt, snow, or ice accumulating; BS EN 1915-1:2013 EN 1915-1:2013 (E) 7) handrails or handholds shall comply with the requirements given in a) above Dimensions in millimetres Hand rails/handholds not shown: Hand rails/handholds not shown: see D.4 a) requirements see D.4 b) requirements a) Structure incorporated footholds b) Hinge mounted footholds Figure D.4 – Footholds 43 BS EN 1915-1:2013 EN 1915-1:2013 (E) Annex E (informative) Examples of safety measures to reduce the risk of crushing and shearing under the load carrier when it is not possible to meet the requirements in 5.15 a) b) 44 Base frame heights greater than 0,6 m: 1) flexible mounted guards extending to the outside edge of the GSE with hatching in warning colours as specified in ISO 3864 (all parts); and 2) marking of the crushing and shearing points with warning colours in accordance with ISO 3864 (all parts); and 3) where practical, rubber covers or flexible guards on crushing and shearing points Base frame heights of 0,6 m or less: 1) marking of the crushing and shearing points with warning colours as specified in ISO 3864 (all parts); and 2) flexible guards on the external bottom edges of the movable body or of the lifting/work platform; and 3) flexible guards on crushing and shearing points; and 4) maximum lowering speed of 0,2 m/s and flashing light or audible warning signals during operation from a height of m down to the ground position; and 5) emergency stop devices at suitable positions BS EN 1915-1:2013 EN 1915-1:2013 (E) Annex F (informative) Examples for hose and fittings installation F.1 General The length of the hose should be determined in accordance with the installation conditions Any change in length under pressure should be taken into account in accordance with the data given in the relevant hose standard Twisting of the hose shall be avoided (see Figure F.1) a) Incorrect b) Correct Figure F.1 Hoses should be installed so that they are not subjected to tensile stress in any of the operating conditions, except as a result of their own weight The same requirement should be met with regard to loading of short lengths of hoses (see Figure F.2) In certain applications, e.g spring-loaded pulleys, tensile stresses cannot be avoided In this case, the permissible operating stresses should be agreed with the manufacturer of the hose assembly Crushing stress Tensile stress a) Incorrect b) Correct Figure F.2 45 BS EN 1915-1:2013 EN 1915-1:2013 (E) Hoses should be installed following their natural position as far as possible and bending radii should not be less than the minimum permitted (see Figure F.3) Key Bending radii too small a) Incorrect b) Correct Figure F.3 If the installation includes a bend, the length of the hose assembly should be selected so that the bend begins at a length of approximately 1,5 d behind the fitting (see Figure F.4); where appropriate, an anti-kinking sleeve shall be provided a) Incorrect b) Correct Figure F.4 Additional stressing of the hose can be avoided by the use of suitable fittings or connection pieces (see Figure F.5) a) Incorrect b) Correct Figure F.5 46 BS EN 1915-1:2013 EN 1915-1:2013 (E) F.2 Avoidance of external damage External mechanical effects on the hose assemblies as well as the abrasion of hoses on components or against each other should be avoided by correct arrangement and fastening If necessary, the hoses should be protected by suitable coatings Components with sharp edges should be covered (see Figure F.6) Key Abrasion Adequate gap a) Incorrect Figure F.6 b) Correct F.3 Reducing bending stress If a hose assembly is connected to movable parts, its length should be such that its bending radius does not fall below the minimum permissible bending radius throughout the whole range of movement and/or the hose is not additionally stressed in tension (see Figure F.7) Key bending radii too small abrasion ensure adequate gap a) Incorrect Figure F.7 b) Correct F.4 Avoidance of torsional stress If a hose is connected to moving parts, twisting of the hose can be avoided if the movement and bending are in the same plane This is possible by suitable installation or design measures (see Figure F.8) 47 BS EN 1915-1:2013 EN 1915-1:2013 (E) a) Incorrect b) Correct Figure F.8 F.5 Installation aids Kinking of loosely laid hose assemblies can be avoided by means of a suitable hose guide (see Figure F.9 and Figure F.10) Key hose saddle Key Figure F.9 pulley Figure F.10 Hose clips should be avoided at points where they prevent natural movement and change of length of the hose (see Figure F.11) 48 BS EN 1915-1:2013 EN 1915-1:2013 (E) a) Incorrect b) Correct Figure F.11 F.6 Protection against external temperature rises If high temperatures occur externally, the hoses either should be installed at an adequate distance from the heat radiating components or should be protected by suitable measures (screening) (see Figure F.12) Key thermal protection Figure F.12 49 BS EN 1915-1:2013 EN 1915-1:2013 (E) Annex G (normative) Falling hazard symbol W008 Figure G.1 ― Falling hazard symbol 50 BS EN 1915-1:2013 EN 1915-1:2013 (E) Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC on machinery This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the New Approach Directive 2006/42/EC on machinery Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive and has been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative clauses of this standard confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the relevant Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of this standard 51 BS EN 1915-1:2013 EN 1915-1:2013 (E) Bibliography European and International Standards [1] EN 547-1, Safety of machinery ― Human body measurements ― Part 1: Principles for determining the dimensions required for openings for whole body access into machinery [2] EN 547-2, Safety of machinery ― Human body measurements ― Part 2: Principles for determining the dimensions required for access openings [3] EN 547-3, Safety of machinery — Human body measurements — Part 3: Anthropometric data [4] EN 574, Safety of machinery ― Two-hand control device ― Functional aspects ― Principles for design [5] EN 614-1, Safety of machinery ― Ergonomic design principles ― Part 1: Terminology and general principles [6] EN 1037, Safety of machinery ― Prevention of unexpected start-up [7] EN 1088, Safety of machinery ― Interlocking devices associated with guards ― Principles for design and selection [8] EN 1570, Safety requirements for lifting tables [9] EN 1757-1, Safety of industrial trucks ― Pedestrian propelled trucks ― Part 1: Stacker trucks [10] EN ISO 4413, Hydraulic fluid power ― General rules and safety requirements for systems and their components (ISO 4413) [11] EN ISO 7250, Basic human body measurements for technological design (ISO 7250) [12] prEN ISO 13564-1, Powered industrial trucks ― Test methods and verification of visibility ― Part 1: Sit-on and stand-on operator trucks up to and including 10 t capacity (ISO/DIS 13564-1:2007) [13] ISO 4116, Air cargo equipment ― Ground equipment requirements for compatibility with aircraft unit load devices [14] ISO 7000, Graphical symbols for use on equipment ― Registered symbols [15] ISO 7715, Air cargo equipment ― Ground handling and transport systems for unit load devices ― Minimum requirements ECE Regulations, United Nations-Agreement concerning the adoption of uniform conditions of approval and reciprocal recognition of approval for motor vehicle equipment and parts (Economic Commission of Europe) [16] ECE 43, Uniform provisions concerning the approval of safety glazing and glazing material [17] ECE R79, Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to steering equipment; Revision 1; Incorporating Supplement to this Regulation in its original form [18] ECE 104, Uniform provisions concerning the approval of retro-reflective markings for heavy and long vehicles and their trailers 52 BS EN 1915-1:2013 EN 1915-1:2013 (E) [19] 07/46/EC, Directive 2007/46/EC of The European Parliament and of The Council of September 2007 establishing a framework for the approval of motor vehicles and their trailers, and of systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles (Framework Directive) [20] 70/156/EEC, Council Directive of February 1970 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers [21] 78/548/EEC, Council Directive of 12 June 1978 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to heating systems for the passenger compartment of motor vehicles [22] 92/58/EEC, Council Directive of 24 June 1992 on the minimum requirements for the provision of safety and/or health signs at work (ninth individual Directive within the meaning of Article 16 (1) of Directive 89/391/EEC) Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) recommended practices4) [23] ARP 1247, Aircraft ground support equipment ― General requirements [24] AIR 1375, Minimum safety requirements for special purpose airline ground support equipment [25] AIR 1558, Interface protective devices ― Ground equipment to aircraft International Air Transport Association (IATA), Airport Handling Manual (AHM), Section 95) [26] AHM 910, Basic requirements for aircraft ground support equipment [27] AHM 913, Basic safety requirements for aircraft ground support equipment [28] AHM 916, Basic requirements for towing vehicle interface (hitch) [29] AHM 918, Basic requirements for battery powered ground support equipment 4) USA Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, 15096-0001, 5) Publications Assistant, International Air Transport Association, 800 Place Victoria, P.O Box 113, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4Z 1M1 53 This page deliberately left blank This page deliberately left blank NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW British Standards Institution (BSI) BSI is the national body responsible for preparing British Standards and other standards-related publications, information and services BSI is incorporated by Royal Charter British Standards and other standardization products are published by BSI Standards Limited About us Revisions We bring together business, industry, government, 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