Bsi bs en 01912 2012 (2013)

BS EN 1912:2012 Incorporating corrigendum August 2013 BSI Standards Publication Structural Timber — Strength classes — Assignment of visual grades and species BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1912:2012 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1912:2012, incorporating corrigendum August 2013 It supersedes BS EN 1912:2004+A4:2010 which is withdrawn The start and finish of text introduced or altered by corrigendum is indicated in the text by tags Text altered by CEN corrigendum August 2013 is indicated in the text by  The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/518, Structural timber A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application © The British Standards Institution 2013 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013 ISBN 978 580 84267 ICS 79.040 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2012 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected 30 September 2013 Implementation of CEN corrigendum August 2013 EN 1912 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM April 2012 Incorporating corrigendum August 2013 ICS 79.040 English Version Structural Timber - Strength classes - Assignment of visual grades and species Bois de structure - Classes de résistance - Affectation des classes visuelles et des essences Bauholz für tragende Zwecke - Festigkeitsklassen Zuordnung von visuellen Sortierklassen und Holzarten This European Standard was approved by CEN on March 2012 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels © 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members Ref No EN 1912:2012: E BS EN 1912:2012 EN 1912:2012 (E) Contents Page Foreword 3 Scope 4 Normative references 4 Terms and definitions 4 Symbols and abbreviations 4 Requirements 5 Assignments to strength classes 5 Annex A (informative) Grading standards 15 Bibliography 17 BS EN 1912:2012 EN 1912:2012 (E) Foreword This document (EN 1912:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 124 “Timber structures”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2012 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights This document supersedes EN 1912:2004+A4:2010 This revised version contains assignments of additional grades and species According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom BS EN 1912:2012 EN 1912:2012 (E) Scope This European Standard lists the visual strength grades, species and sources of timber, and specifies the strength classes to which they are assigned, as documented in EN 338 NOTE For the grades, species and sources included, there is a long history of use and/or satisfactory test data The sources listed therefore are largely determined by existing commercial practice Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies EN 384, Structural timber — Determination of characteristic values of mechanical properties and density EN 14081-1, Timber structures — Strength graded structural timber with rectangular cross section — Part 1: General requirements EN 14081-2, Timber structures — Strength graded structural timber with rectangular cross section — Part 2: Machine grading; additional requirements for initial type testing EN 14081-3, Timber structures — Strength graded structural timber with rectangular cross section — Part 3: Machine grading; additional requirements for factory production control EN 14081-4, Timber structures — Strength graded structural timber with rectangular cross section — Part 4: Machine grading; grading machine settings for machine controlled systems Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply 3.1 timber source geographical area of growth of the trees from which the timber is sawn 3.2 timber species individual species or combination of species 3.3 Nordic countries Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden Symbols and abbreviations CNE Europe Central, Northern and Eastern Europe NNE Europe Northern and North Eastern Europe NC Europe Northern and Central Europe BS EN 1912:2012 EN 1912:2012 (E) Requirements 5.1 The grades referred to in Tables and shall be in accordance with a grading standard that meets the requirements of EN 14081 5.2 Timber of a grade, species and source may be assigned to a strength class and listed in this document, provided there is a long history of use and/or test data in accordance with EN 384 NOTE Where the required information becomes available for a grade, species and source not included in this document, preliminary assignment to a strength class, pending revision of this document, may be obtained from CEN/TC 124 NOTE The assignments of grades, species and sources to strength classes given in this document should be reassessed when this document is reviewed, or sooner if there is reason to suspect that the mechanical properties and/or density of the timber have changed, or the basis for the existing assessment no longer represents the current situation (e.g if there has been a change in the source) Assignments to strength classes The timber grades, species and sources listed meet the requirements of the strength classes to which they are assigned in Table and Table Table and Table identify the botanical species for the commercial names listed in Table and Table NOTE Timber graded by machine to EN 14081 may be graded directly to the strength classes and marked accordingly, and is therefore not referenced in this document NOTE For combinations of species and visual grades which meet the requirements of EN 14081 but are not listed in this standard, the assignment to strength classes can be made according to EN 338 using characteristic values determined in accordance with EN 384 The accepted assignments to strength classes given in this European Standard are based on initial type testing (ITT) and initial type calculation (ITC) The ITT and ITC documentation from the manufacturers has been evaluated by CEN/TC124/WG2/TG1 and the accepted values given in an ITT report This report is the basis for the attestation of conformity by the Notified Body conducting the certification of the producer’s factory production control (FPC) Further ITT reports may be used as documentation before the information they contain becomes available in an amendment or revision of this European Standard, EN 1912 BS EN 1912:2012 EN 1912:2012 (E) Table — Assignment of grades of conifer and poplar species to strength classes Strength Class Grading rule publishing country Grade (see Note 2) Species commercial name Source Botanical identification (see Table 3) C35 Germany & Austria S13, S13K Douglas Fir Germany & Austria 54 C30 France ST-I Spruce & Fir France 1, 22 Germany, Austria & Czech Republic S13, S13K S13, S13K S13, S13K S13, S13K Spruce Pine Fir Larch CNE Europe CNE Europe CNE Europe CNE Europe 22 47 15 Italy S1 Douglas fir Italy 54 Nordic countries T3 T3 T3 T3 Pine (Redwood) Spruce (Whitewood) Fir Larch NNE Europe NNE Europe NNE Europe NNE Europe 47 22 15 Slovak Republic Spain S0 Spruce Slovak Republic 22 ME1 Laricio pine Spain 39 The Netherlands T3 T3 T3 T3 Pine (Redwood) Spruce (Whitewood) Fir Larch NNE Europe NNE Europe NNE Europe NNE Europe 47 22 15 France ST-I LS13 ME1 ST-II ST-II ST-II Larch Pines Poplar Scots pine Spruce & Fir Douglas Fir Pines France France Germany Spain France France France ST-II ST-II Poplar (see note 1) Larch France France 15 37,47 51 47 1, 22 54 39, text deleted  47 50 15 Germany & Austria S10, S10K Douglas Fir Germany & Austria 54 Germany, Austria & Czech Republic Italy S10, S10K S10, S10K S10, S10K S10, S10K Spruce Pine Fir Larch Corsican pine Spruce & fir CNE Europe CNE Europe CNE Europe CNE Europe Italy Italy 22 47 15 39 1, 22 Nordic countries T2 T2 T2 T2 T2 & better SI Pine (Redwood) Spruce (Whitewood) Fir Larch Sitka spruce NNE Europe NNE Europe NNE Europe NNE Europe Denmark and Norway Slovak Republic 47 22 15 28 C27  C24 Germany Spain France Slovak Republic S2 & better S2 & better Spruce 22 Comments Maximum width and thickness 100 mm BS EN 1912:2012 EN 1912:2012 (E) Strength Class Grading rule publishing country Grade (see Note 2) Species commercial name Source Botanical identification (see Table 3) Slovenia S10 Spruce & fir Slovenia 1, 22 Spain ME1 ME1 Radiata pine Maritime pine Spain Spain 49 44 Canada J&P Sel J&P Sel J&P Sel Douglas fir-Larch Hem-fir S-P-F USA & Canada USA & Canada USA & Canada 18, 54 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 62 3, 6, 23, 25, 26, 27, 32, 34, 45 Canada SLF Sel SLF Sel SLF Sel Douglas fir-Larch Hem-fir S-P-F USA & Canada USA & Canada USA & Canada 18, 54 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 62 3, 6, 23, 25, 26, 27, 32, 34, 45 UK SS SS SS SS SS SS Paraná pine Redwood Whitewood Douglas fir-Larch Hem-fir S-P-F Brazil CNE Europe CNE Europe USA & Canada USA & Canada USA & Canada SS SS SS Southern pine Caribbean pitch pine Larch USA Caribbean UK 12 47 1, 22 18, 54 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 62 3, 6, 23, 25, 26, 27, 32, 34, 45 35, 36, 43, 48 33, 42 15, 16, 17 Pine (Redwood) Spruce (Whitewood) Fir Larch Poplar NNE Europe NNE Europe NNE Europe NNE Europe Germany 47 22 15 51 Larch Italy 15 Italy Spain Spain 54 47 39 The Netherlands C22 Germany Italy T2 T2 T2 T2 LS10 & better  LS10L & better  S2 & better S2  C20 C18 Comments Spain MEG MEG Douglas fir Scots pine Laricio pine UK SS British pine UK 39, 47 Canada No.1 & better No.1 & better No.1 & better J&P Sel J&P Sel SLF Sel SLF Sel S-P-F Canada Douglas Fir – Larch Canada 3, 6, 23, 25, 26, 27, 32, 34, 45 18,54 Hem-fir Canada 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 62 Sitka spruce Western red cedar Sitka spruce Western red cedar Canada Canada Canada Canada 28 58 28 58 ST-III ST-III ST-III Spruce & fir Douglas fir Pines France France France 1, 22 54 39, text deleted  47 Canada France Minimum thickness & width is 70mm BS EN 1912:2012 EN 1912:2012 (E) Strength Class Grading rule publishing country Grade (see Note 2) Species commercial name Source Botanical identification (see Table 3) ST-III ST-III Poplar (see note 3) Larch France France 50 15 Germany & Austria and Czech Republic S7, S7K S7, S7K Norway spruce Scots pine CNE Europe CNE Europe 22 47 Ireland SS SS Norway spruce Sitka spruce Ireland Ireland 22 28 Italy S3 S3 Larch Spruce & fir Italy Italy 15 1, 22 Nordic countries T1 T1 T1 T1 T1 Pine (Redwood) Spruce (Whitewood) Fir Larch Sitka spruce 47 22 15 28 Portugal E Maritime pine NNE Europe NNE Europe NNE Europe NNE Europe Denmark & Norway Portugal Spain ME2 ME2 ME2 ME2 Radiata pine Maritime pine Laricio pine Scots pine Spain Spain Spain Spain 49 44 39 47 Slovenia S7 Spruce Slovenia 22 UK SS SS SS Western red cedar Sitka spruce Western white woods Canada Canada USA SS SS GS UK UK Caribbean GS Douglas fir British spruce Caribbean pitch pine Southern pine 58 28 3, 6, 23, 34, 37, 38, 45, 63 54 22, 28 33, 42 USA 35, 36, 43, 48 T1 T1 T1 T1 S7, S7K Pine (Redwood) Spruce (Whitewood) Fir Larch Douglas Fir NNE Europe NNE Europe NNE Europe NNE Europe Germany & Austria 47 22 15 54 S7, S7K S7, S7K Fir Larch GS GS GS Paraná pine Redwood Whitewood The Netherlands C16 Germany & Austria Germany, Austria & Czech Republic UK CNE Europe CNE Europe Brazil CNE Europe CNE Europe 44 15 12 47 1, 22 Comments BS EN 1912:2012 EN 1912:2012 (E) Strength Class C16 Grading rule publishing country Grade (see Note 2) Species commercial name Source Botanical identification (see Table 3) GS GS GS Douglas fir-Larch Hem-fir S-P-F USA & Canada USA & Canada USA & Canada GS J&P No.1 J&P No.2 J&P No.1 J&P No.2 J&P No.1 Larch Douglas fir-Larch Douglas fir-Larch Hem-fir Hem-fir S-P-F UK USA & Canada USA & Canada USA & Canada USA & Canada USA & Canada J&P No.2 S-P-F USA & Canada 18, 54 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 62 3, 6, 23, 25, 26, 27, 32, 34, 45 15, 16, 17 18, 54 18, 54 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 62 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 62 3, 6, 23, 25, 26, 27, 32, 34, 45 3, 6, 23, 25, 26, 27, 32, 34, 45 SLF No.1 SLF No.2 SLF No.1 SLF No.2 SLF No.1 Douglas fir-Larch Douglas fir-Larch Hem-fir Hem-fir S-P-F USA & Canada USA & Canada USA & Canada USA & Canada USA & Canada SLF No.2 S-P-F USA & Canada Slovenia S7 Fir Slovenia Slovak Republic UK SII Spruce Slovak Republic 22 GS GS GS Western red cedar Sitka spruce Western white woods Canada Canada USA GS GS GS GS GS Douglas fir British spruce British pine Sitka spruce Norway spruce UK UK UK Ireland Ireland 58 28 3, 6, 23, 34, 37, 38, 45, 63 54 22, 28 39, 47 28 22 Italy S3 Corsican pine Italy 39 Canada J&P No.1 J&P No.2 J&P No.1 J&P No.2 SLF No.1 SLF No.2 SLF No.1 SLF No.2 Sitka spruce Sitka spruce Western red cedar Western red cedar Sitka spruce Sitka spruce Western red cedar Western red cedar Canada Canada Canada Canada Canada Canada Canada Canada 28 28 58 58 28 28 58 58 Canada LF Const Stud LF Const Stud LF Const Douglas fir-Larch Douglas fir-Larch Hem-fir Hem-fir S-P-F USA & Canada USA & Canada USA & Canada USA & Canada USA & Canada Stud S-P-F USA & Canada 18, 54 18, 54 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 62 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 62 3, 6, 23, 25, 26, 27, 32, 34, 45 3, 6, 23, 25, 26, 27, 32, 34, 45 Canada Canada C14 Ireland Comments 18, 54 18, 54 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 62 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 62 3, 6, 23, 25, 26, 27, 32, 34, 45 3, 6, 23, 25, 26, 27, 32, 34, 45 BS EN 1912:2012 EN 1912:2012 (E) Strength Class C14  C14 NOTE NOTE 10 Grading rule publishing country Grade (see Note 2) Species commercial name Source Botanical identification (see Table 3) Nordic countries T0 T0 T0 T0 T0 Pine (Redwood) Spruce (Whitewood) Fir Larch Sitka spruce NNE Europe NNE Europe NNE Europe NNE Europe Denmark & Norway 47 22 15 28 The Netherlands T0 T0 T0 T0 Pine (Redwood) Spruce (Whitewood) Fir Larch NNE Europe NNE Europe NNE Europe NNE Europe 47 22 15 France ST-IV Pines France 39, 47 The assignments only apply to certain clones of poplar – see note under Table The grades listed in this table are specified in the grading standards given in Annex A Comments  BS EN 1912:2012 EN 1912:2012 (E) Table — Assignment of grades of hardwood species to strength classes Strength class Grading rule publishing country Grade (see Note 1) Species commercial Name Source Botanical identification (see Table 4) D70 The Netherlands UK UK The Netherlands C3 STH Azobé West Africa 100 HS HS C3 STH Greenheart Ekki Cumaru Guyana West Africa Brazil 110 100 135 HS HS Kapur Kempas South East Asia South East Asia 86 98 Balau/Bangkirai South East Asia 113, 114 Greenheart Suriname, 110 D60 UK D50  text deleted  UK The Netherlands The Netherlands D40 Comments HS C3 STH C3 STH The Netherlands C3 STH Angelim vermelho Brazil 134 The Netherlands UK C3 STH Maỗaranduba Brazil 133 HS HS Keruing Karri 80 90 HS HS TH1 Opepe Merbau American white oak South East Asia Western Australia West Africa, South East Asia USA LS 13 LS10 & better  LS13K LS10K and better  HS ST1 HS ST1 MEF Beech Ash Germany Germany 119 131 Gonfolo Alimiao Eucalyptus French Guyana French Guyana Spain 138 -92 Germany France Spain 107 94, 95 124 Maximum thickness 60 mm, maximum width 200 mm The Netherlands C3 STH C3 STH Missanda / Tali Okan / Denya Cameroon Congo Brazaville and Cameroon 140 141 UK HS HS Iroko Jarrah 103, 104 91 HS Sapele HS TH1 Teak American red oak Africa Western Australia Central west Africa South East Asia USA 132 First & second quality 117 125 11 BS EN 1912:2012 EN 1912:2012 (E) D35 France Germany UK D30 HS ST1 Jaboty French Guyana 139 LS 10 and better  LS10K and better TH1 Beech Germany 119 American white ash USA 130 Oak Germany 122, 123 LS10 and Maple Germany 75 LS10K and better  C3 STH Basralocus Suriname 137 S Sweet Chestnut Italy 79 Germany  LS10 and better, LS10K and better better, D 24 NOTE 12 The Netherlands Italy The grades listed in this table are specified in the grading standards given in Annex A Maximum thickness 100 mm BS EN 1912:2012 EN 1912:2012 (E) Table — Identification of conifer and poplar species Identification number Botanical name Abies alba Abies amabilis Abies balsamea Abies concolor Abies grandis Abies lasiocarpa Abies magnifica Abies procera (A nobilis) Araucaria angustifolia 12 Larix deciduas (L europea) Larix eurolepsis Larix kaempferi (L leptolepsis) Larix occidentalis 15 16 17 18 Picea abies Picea engelmanii Picea glauca Picea mariana Picea rubens Picea sitchensis 22 23 25 26 27 28 Pinus banksiana Pinus caribaea Pinus contorta Pinus echinata Pinus elliottii Pinus lambertiana 32 33 34 35 36 37 a Identification number Botanical name Pinus monticola Pinus nigra Pinus oocarpa Pinus palustris Pinus pinaster Pinus ponderosa Pinus sylvestris Pinus taeda Pinus radiata a 38 39 42 43 44 45 47 48 49 Populus Populus nigra 50 51 Pseudotsuga menziesii 54 Thuja plicata 58 Tsuga heterophylla Tsuga mertensiana 62 63 For Populus (50) only the following clones apply: Populus x euramericana cv “Robusta”, Populus x euramericana cv “Dorskamp”, Populus x euramericana cv “I 214” and Populus x euramericana cv “I 4551” 13 BS EN 1912:2012 EN 1912:2012 (E) Table — Identification of hardwood species Botanical name 14 Acer pseudoplatanus Identification number 75 Castanea sativa Cylicodiscus gabunensis Harms 79 141 Dinizia excelsa Ducke Dipteryx odorata Willd Dicorynia guianensis Amsh Dipterocarpus spp Dryobalanops spp 134 135 137 80 86 Erisma uncinatum Warm Erythrophleum ivorense A.Chev ;Erythrophleum suaveolens Brenan Entandrophragma cylindricum Eucalyptus diversicolor Eucalyptus marginata Eucalyptus globulus 139 140 Intsia bijuga Intsia palembanica 94 95 Koompassia malaccensis Lophira alata 98 100 Manikara bidentata Milicia excelsa Milicia regia 133 103 104 Nauclea diderrichii Newtonia suaveolens Brenan 107 ( Alimiao ) Ocotea rodiaei 110 Shorea glauca Shorea maxwelliana 113 114 Tectona grandis Tabebuia Spp 117 136 Fagus sylvatica 119 Quercus petraea Quercus robur Quercus alba Quercus rubra Qualea Spp: Ruizterania spp 122 123 124 125 138 Fraxinus americana Fraxinus excelsior 130 131 132 90 91 92 BS EN 1912:2012 EN 1912:2012 (E) Annex A (informative) Grading standards The requirements for the grades listed in Table and Table are given in the standards listed in Table A.1 Table A.1 — Grading standards Grading rule publishing country Grade Austria S13, S13K S10, S10K S7, S7K Austrian Standard OENORM DIN 4074–1:2012 (sortiert als Kantholz) (graded as joist) Sortierung von Holz nach der Tragfähigkeit,-Teil 1: Nadelschnittholz Canada J&P Sel J&P No.1 J&P No.2 No.1 & better SLF Sel SLF No.1 SLF No.2 LF Const Stud Canadian Standard NLGA: 2010 The National Grading Rule for Dimension Lumber (NGRDL)- (These grades are only acceptable when graded in combination with the export annex which gives the rules for compliance with EN 14081) Czech Republic S13, S13K S10, S10K S7, S7K Czech Standard ČSN 73 2824-1:2004 and CSN 73 2824/Z1:2009 Třídĕní dřeva podle penosti – Část 1: Jehličnaté řezivo (idt DIN 4074-1:2003) (zatříděno jako stropnice) (Graded as a joist) France  ST-I French Standard NF B 52-001-1:2011 Règles d’utilisation du bois dans les constructions; Classement visuel pour emploi en structure pour les principales essences résineuses et feuillues ST-II ST-III ST IV HSST1  Grading standard S13, S13K S10, S10K S7, S7K German Standard DIN 4074 Teil (sortiert als Kantholz) (graded as joist) Sortierung von Holz nach der Tragfähigkeit,- Teil 1: Nadelschnittholz, 2012 LS13, LS13K LS10 and better, LS10K and better  German Standard DIN 4074 Teil (sortiert als Kantholz) (graded as joist) Sortierung von Holz nach der Tragfähigkeit - Teil 5: Laubschnittholz, 2003 Ireland SS GS Irish Standard IS 127:2002 Specification for the stress grading of softwood timber Italy S1 S2 S3 S Italian Standard UNI 11035-1/-2:2010 Legno strutturale – Classificazione a vista di legnami italiani secondo la resistenza meccanica Structural timber - Visual strength grading for structural timbers Netherlands C3 STH Netherlands Standard NEN 5493:2010 Quality requirements for hardwoods in civil engineering works and other structural applications T3, T2 T1, T0 NEN 5499:2007 “Requirements for visually graded softwood for structural applications Germany 15 BS EN 1912:2012 EN 1912:2012 (E) 16 Nordic countries T3 T2 T1 T0 Nordic grading rules – INSTA 142:2009 Nordic visual strength grading rules for timber Portugal E Portuguese Standard NP 4305:1995 Madeira serrada de pinheiro bravo para estruturas Spain ME1 ME2 MEG MEF Spanish Standard UNE 56.544:2009 Clasificación visual de la Madera aserrada para uso structural Spanish standard UNE 56-546:2007 Visual grading for structural timber : Hardwood species Slovak Republic S0 SI SII Slovak Standard STN 49 1531:2001 Drevo na stavebné nosné konštrukcie Vizuálne triedenie podľa pevnosti Slovenia S10 S7 Razvrscanje lesa po trdnosti -1 del Zagani les iglavcev SIST DIN 4074-1:2009 (Razvrscanje kot trami) (Graded as a joist) UK SS GS HS TH1  British Standard BS 4978:2007+A1:2011 Visual strength grading of softwood British Standard BS 5756:2007+A1:2011 Visual strength grading of hardwood  BS EN 1912:2012 EN 1912:2012 (E) Bibliography [1] EN 338, Structural timber — Strength classes 17 This page deliberately left blank This page deliberately left blank NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW British Standards Institution (BSI) BSI is the national body responsible for preparing British Standards and other standards-related publications, information and services BSI is incorporated by Royal Charter British Standards and other standardization products are published by BSI Standards Limited About us Revisions We bring together business, industry, government, consumers, innovators and others to shape their 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