www bzfxw com | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |[.]
BRITISH STANDARD Plastics piping systems Ð Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes Ð Determination of initial specific ring stiffness The European Standard EN 1228 : 1996 has the status of a British Standard ICS 23.040.20 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BS EN 1228 : 1997 BS 2782 : Part 12 : Methods 1214A and B : 1997 BS EN 1228 : 1997 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/61, Plastics piping systems and components, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Gas plc British Plastics Federation British Plumbing Fittings Manufacturers' Association British Valve and Actuator Manufacturers' Association Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management Department of the Environment (British Board of AgreÂment) Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment) Department of Transport Electricity Association Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors Health and Safety Executive Institute of Building Control Institute of Materials Institution of Civil Engineers Institution of Gas Engineers National Association of Plumbing, Heating and Mechanical Services Contractors Pipeline Industries Guild Plastics Land Drainage Manufacturers' Association Society of British Gas Industries Society of British Water Industries Water Companies Association Water Services Association of England and Wales The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels: This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Board for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 April 1997 BSI 1997 Association of Consulting Engineers Engineering Equipment and Materials Users' Association Institution of Mechanical Engineers RAPRA Technology Ltd Amendments issued since publication Amd No The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PRI/61 Draft for comment 93/313470 DC ISBN 580 26814 Date Text affected BS EN 1228 : 1997 Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword Method Scope Definitions 3 Principle Apparatus Test piece Conditioning Procedure Calculation Test report Figures Schematic diagram of the test arrangement Method A: Load and corresponding deflection versus time [using loading condition b)] Method B: Deflection and corresponding load versus time [using loading condition a)] BSI 1997 i BS EN 1228 : 1997 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee PRI/61 and is the English language version of EN 1228 : 1996 Plastics piping systems Ð Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes Ð Determination of initial specific ring stiffness, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) It is incorporated into BS 2782 Methods of testing plastics : Part 12 : Reinforced plastics pipes, fittings and valves, as Methods 1214A and B : 1997, for association with related test methods for plastics materials and plastics piping components, where method 1214A corresponds to method A of EN 1228 (using constant load) and method 1214B corresponds to method B of EN 1228 (using constant deflection) This standard has been prepared for reference by other standards under preparation by CEN for specification of reinforced plastics piping systems and components It has been implemented to enable experience of the methods to be gained and for use for other fresh applications It is also for use for the revision or amendment of other national standards as practicable, but it should not be presumed to apply to any existing standard or specification which contains or makes reference to a different test method until that standard/specification has been amended or revised to make reference to this method and adjust any requirements as appropriate No existing British Standard is superseded by this Method This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages to 13 and a back cover Warning note This British Standard, which is identical with EN 1228 : 1996, does not necessarily detail all the precautions necessary to meet the requirements of the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 Attention should be paid to any appropriate safety precautions and the method should be operated only by trained personnel Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover ii BSI 1997 EN 1228 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÊENNE EUROPẰISCHE NORM June 1996 ICS 23.040.20 Descriptors: Pipelines, plastic tubes, reinforced measurements, rigidity, flexing plastics, glass-reinforced plastics, thermosetting resins, mechanical test, English version Plastics piping systems Ð Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes Ð Determination of initial specific ring stiffness SysteÁmes de canalisations en plastique Ð Tubes en plastique thermodurcissable renforce de verre (PRV) Ð DeÂtermination de la rigidite annulaire speÂcifique initiale Kunststoff-Rohrleitungssysteme Ð Rohre aus glasfaserverstaÈrkten duroplastischen Kunststoffen (GFK) Ð Ermittlung der spezifischen Anfangs-Ringsteifigkeit ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1996-01-04 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite EuropeÂen de Normalisation EuropaÈisches Komitee fuÈr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1996 All rights of reproduction and communication in any form and by any means reserved to CEN and its members Ref No EN 1228 : 1996 E Page EN 1228 : 1996 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 155, Plastics piping systems and ducting systems, the secretariat of which is held by NNI This standard is based on the draft International Standard ISO/DIS 7685 Pipes and fittings of glass-fibre reinforced plastics (GRP) ± Determination of specific ring stiffness of pipes ± Test methods, prepared by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) It is a modification of ISO/DIS 7685.2 for reasons of possible applicability to test conditions and alignment with texts of other standards on test methods The modifications are: ± test parameters (pressure, time, temperature) are not specified; ± material-dependent or performance requirements are not given; ± editorial changes have been introduced The material-dependent test parameters and/or performance requirements are incorporated in the referring standard This standard is one of a series of standards on test methods which support System Standards for plastics piping systems and ducting systems This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 1996, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 1996 According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ BSI 1997 Page EN 1228 : 1996 Scope I This standard specifies methods for determining the initial specific ring stiffness of glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes Two methods are given and within the specified deflection limits each is equally valid and may be used for any diameter Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply: 2.1 compressive load (F) The load applied to a pipe to cause a diametric deflection It is expressed in newtons 2.2 deflection (y) The change in diameter of a pipe in response to a diametric compressive load (see 2.1) It is expressed in metres 2.3 relative deflection (y/dm) The ratio of the deflection, y, (see 2.2), to the mean diameter of the pipe, dm, (see 2.4) is the moment of inertia (the second moment of area) in the longitudinal direction per metre length, expressed in metres to the fourth power per metre, i.e.: e3 I= 12 where: e is the wall thickness of the pipe, in metres; dm is the mean diameter (see 2.4) of the pipe, in metres 2.6 initial specific ring stiffness (S0) The initial value of S obtained by testing in accordance with this standard It is expressed in newtons per square metre Principle A cut length of pipe is loaded throughout its length to compress it diametrically and the resulting deflection or load achieved are determined There are two methods, either of which can be used, designated A or B as follows: method A: After applying the load to achieve a relative deflection of (3 ± 0,5) %, the load is kept constant for a period of time and the final deflection is determined at the end of this period; method B: After applying the load to achieve the initial deflection specified in the referring standard, the deflection is kept constant for a period of time and the final load being applied at the end of this period is determined ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ 2.4 mean diameter (dm) The diameter of the circle corresponding with the middle of the pipe wall cross section It is given, in metres, by either of the following equations: dm = di + e dm = de e where: di is the average of the measured internal diameters (see 5.3.3), in metres; de is the average of the measured external diameters (see 5.3.3), in metres; e is the average of the measured wall thicknesses of the pipe (see 5.3.2), in metres 2.5 specific ring stiffness (S) A physical characteristic of the pipe which is a measure of the resistance to ring deflection under external load This characteristic is determined by testing and is defined, in newtons per square metre, by the equation: E3I S= dm3 where: E is the apparent modulus of elasticity as determined in the ring stiffness test, in newtons per square metre; BSI 1997 NOTE It is assumed that the following test parameters are set by the standard making reference to this standard: a) the method for determining the initial specific ring stiffness (see 2.6); b) the length of the test piece (see 5.1); c) the number of test pieces (see 5.2); d) if applicable, conditioning of the test piece (see clause 6); e) for method B, the relative deflection to be applied (see 7.3.3) Apparatus 4.1 Compressive loading machine, comprising a system capable of applying a controlled rate of compression (suitable for methods A or B) or a dead weight loading system (suitable for method A only), without shock, through two parallel load application surfaces conforming to 4.2 so that a horizontally orientated test piece of pipe conforming to clause can be compressed vertically The accuracy of loading shall be ± % of the maximum indicated load Page EN 1228 : 1996 4.2 Load application surfaces Test piece 4.2.1 General arrangement The surfaces shall be provided by a pair of plates (see 4.2.2), or a pair of beam bars (see 4.2.3), or a combination of one such plate and one such bar, with their major axes perpendicular to and centred on the direction of application of load F by the compressive loading machine, as shown in figure The surfaces to be in contact with the test piece shall be flat, smooth, clean and parallel Plates and beam bars shall have a length at least equal to the test piece (see clause 5) and have a thickness such that visible deformation does not occur during the test 5.1 Preparation The test piece shall be a complete ring cut from the pipe to be tested The length of the test piece shall be as specified in the referring standard, with permissible deviations of ± % The cut ends shall be smooth and perpendicular to the axis of the pipe Straight lines, to serve as reference lines, shall be drawn on the inside or the outside along the length of the test piece at 60Ê intervals around its circumference 5.2 Number The number of test pieces shall be as specified in the referring standard 5.3 Determination of the dimensions 5.3.1 Length Measure the length of the test piece along each reference line to an accuracy of 0,2 mm Calculate the average length, L, in metres, of the test piece from the six measured values 5.3.2 Wall thickness Measure to within ± 0,2 mm the wall thickness of the test piece at each end of each reference line Calculate the average wall thickness, e, as the average of the 12 measured values, in metres 5.3.3 Mean diameter Measure to an accuracy of within ± 0,5 mm either of the following: a) the internal diameter, di, of the test piece between each diametrically opposed pair of reference lines at their mid-length, e.g by means of a caliper; b) the external diameter, de, of the test piece at the mid-points of the reference lines, e.g by means of a circumferential wrap steel tape Calculate the mean diameter, dm, of the test piece using the values obtained for wall thickness and either the internal or the external diameter (see 2.4) 4.2.2 Plates The plate(s) shall have a width of at least 100 mm 4.2.3 Beam bars Each beam bar shall have rounded edges, a flat face (see figure 1) without sharp edges and a width dependent upon the pipe as follows: a) for pipes with a nominal size not greater than DN 300 the width shall be (20 ± 2) mm; b) for pipes of nominal sizes greater than DN 300 the width shall be (50 ± 5) mm The beam bars shall be so constructed and supported that no other surface of the beam bar structure shall come into contact with the test piece during the test 4.3 Dimensional measuring devices, capable of determining ± the necessary dimensions (length, diameter, wall thickness) to an accuracy of within ± 0,1 mm; ± the deflection of the test piece in the vertical direction to an accuracy of within ± 1,0 % of the maximum value ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ Figure Schematic diagram of the test arrangement BSI 1997 Page EN 1228 : 1996 Conditioning Unless otherwise specified by the referring standard, store the test pieces for at least 0,5 h at the test temperature (see 7.1) prior to testing Procedure 7.1 Test temperature Conduct the following procedure at the temperature specified in the referring standard 7.2 Positioning of the test piece Place the test piece in the apparatus with a pair of diametrically opposed reference lines in contact with the plate(s) and/or beam bar(s) Ensure that the contact between the test piece and each plate or beam bar is as uniform as possible and that the plate(s) and/or beam bar(s) are not tilted laterally 7.3.2 Method A: Using constant load Apply the compressive load under one of the following conditions: a) at a substantially constant rate so that a relative deflection between 2,5 % and 3,5 % is reached in (60 ± 10) s; b) in three stages of loading (see figure 2) over a total period of (60 ± 10) s Keep this load constant for and at the end of this period determine and record the load and the deflection 7.3 Application of load and measurement of deflection 7.3.1 General Carry out a test at each pair of reference lines (see 5.1) Allow the test piece to recover between each test In case of dispute, allow 15 between each test ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ Figure 2, Method A: Load and corresponding deflection versus time [using loading condition b)] BSI 1997 Page EN 1228 : 1996 Figure Method B: Deflection and corresponding load versus time [using loading condition a)] 7.3.3 Method B: Using constant deflection Apply the compressive load so that the relative deflection specified in the referring standard is reached in (60 ± 10) s in either of the following ways: a) at a substantially constant rate (see figure 3); b) in three stages of loading Keep this deflection constant for and at the end of this period determine and record the deflection and the load NOTE An estimate of the compressive load required to achieve a relative deflection can be made from knowledge of the nominal stiffness (SN) Calculation Calculate the initial specific ring stiffness, So, for each of the three positions using the following equation: f3F So = L3y where: f is the deflection coefficient: f= L {1860 + (2500 y/dm)} 1025; ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) a reference to this standard and the referring standard; b) the full identification of the pipe tested; c) the dimensions of each test piece; d) the number of test pieces; e) the positions in the pipe from which the test pieces were obtained; f) the equipment details, including whether beam bars and/or plates were used; g) the test temperature; h) the test method used, i.e method A or B, and the load application condition a) or b) (see 7.3); i) the individual values for loads and corresponding deflections used to calculate the initial specific ring stiffness; j) the initial specific ring stiffness of each test piece; k) any factors which may have affected the results, such as any incidents or any operating details not specified in this standard; l) the date of the test is the average length of the test piece, in metres Calculate the average of the three values and record this value as the initial specific ring stiffness of the test piece BSI 1997 blank BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BSI Ð British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level It is incorporated by Royal Charter Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee responsible, the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover Tel: 020 8996 9000 Fax: 020 8996 7400 BSI offers members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensures that subscribers automatically receive the latest editions of standards Buying standards Orders for all BSI, international and foreign standards publications should be addressed to Customer Services Tel: 020 8996 9001 Fax: 020 8996 7001 In response to orders for international standards, it is BSI policy to supply the BSI implementation of those that have been published as British Standards, unless otherwise requested Information on standards BSI provides a wide range of information on national, European and international standards through its Library and its Technical Help to Exporters Service Various BSI electronic information services are also available which give details on all its products and services Contact the Information Centre Tel: 020 8996 7111 Fax: 020 8996 7048 Subscribing members of BSI are kept up to date with standards developments and receive substantial discounts on the purchase price of standards For details of these and other benefits contact Membership Administration Tel: 020 8996 7002 Fax: 020 8996 7001 Copyright Copyright subsists in all BSI publications BSI also holds the copyright, in the UK, of the publications of the international standardization bodies Except as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 no extract may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means ± electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise ± without prior written permission from BSI This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade designations If these details are to be used for any other purpose than implementation then the prior written permission of BSI must be obtained If permission is granted, the terms may include royalty payments or a licensing agreement Details and advice can be obtained from the Copyright Manager Tel: 020 8996 7070