THE GERUND AND THE INFINITIVE

THE GERUND AND THE INFINITIVE AFTER VERBS I.Here are some common verbs that are followed by the Gerund avoid practise imagine enjoy appreciate* escape keep fancy detest understand* deny finish mind resent excuse* mention delay miss recall forgive* suggest postpone risk recollect pardon* can’t help ( stand , resist , face ) E.g :We must avoid hurting other people’s feelings James suggested going to the movies I can’t stand seeing you bite your nails +NOTE :The berbs marked (*) are nearly always followed by a possessive Adj / noun in the Possessive case + Gerund . E.g :Please excuse ( forgive , pardon ) my disturbing you . II.Here are some common verbs that are followed by the Infinitive : afford choose help offer swear agree decide hesistate prepare threaten appear expect hope pretend undertake arrange fail learn promise want ask happen manage refuse wish E.g :He agreed to come with us . She chose to stay at home that evening . They promised not to be late III.Here are some common verbs that are followed either by the Gerund or the Infinitive *Group 1 : Either the gerund or the Infinitive may be used after these verbs , but there is often a difference of meaning . begin like remember intend start love forget propose continue adore prefer mean cease dislike dread omit 1 stop hate regret can’t bear E.g : He began to see the truth . I must remember to post the letter . I remember seeing her when I was a little girl . *Group 2 :The Gerund or a Personal object + Infinitive follows these verbs in the active voice ; in the passive voice only the Infinitive is used . advise allow forbid require admit consider permit E.g :He doesn’t allow talking in this room . He doesn’t allow us to talk in this room . We aren’t allowed to talk in this room *Group 3 :The Gerund used after these verbs in equivalent to the Passive Infinitive . ( The gerund is the only form used after TO BEAR ) need want require deserve bear E.g :My shirt needs mending ( needs to be mended )  OTHER USES OF THE GERUND AND THE INFINITIVE I. The Gerund is used after Prepositions and after nearly all two – word verbs : E.g :I’m tired of meeting the same people every day . People can’t live without eating and drinking . *NOTE :The Infinitive , general without TO , is used after the Prepositions BUT , EXCEPT ,THAN and TO ( in BE ABOUT TO , OUGHT TO , USED TO ) E.g : He did nothing else than laugh . I used to live alone , but I don’t now . II.The Gerund is used after these expressions :IT’S NO GOOD , IT’S NO USE , IT ISN’T WORTHWHILE , BE WORTH , BE NEAR , BE BUSY , FEEL LIKE , THERE IS ( NO , LITTLE , MUCH , NOTHING LIKE ) E.g :It’s no good talking to him . She was very near dying 2 III.The Gerund may follow Possessive Adjectives ( MY , YOUR , HIS ….)and nouns in the Possessive case.These Adjectives and nouns are the subject of the Gerund . E.g :His having won the prize made him very happy . Would you mind my opening the window ? IV.The Infinitive with TO is used after most Intransitive verbs to express a purpose , an intention or a result . E.g :We stopped to have a rest . You will live to regret it . V.The Infinitive is used after most Transitive verbs in the pattern S + V + O + infinitive E.g : I forbid you to go there again . * NOTE :The Infinitive without TO is used after verbs of Perception ( SEE , HEAR , WATCH , FEEL , SMELL , NOTICE , OBSERVE …) and such verbs as LET , MAKE , HAVE . E.g :Did you see him go out . VI.the Infinitive with TO is used after HOW , WHEN , WHERE , WHAT , WHICH ,…. As the equivalent of noun clauses . E.g :Would you please show me how to do this ? VII.The Infinitive with TO is used after Nouns , Indefinite , Pronouns , Adjectives and Adverbs as their Modifier . E.g :You are very kind to say so . One is never too old to learn . EXERCISE  Put the verbs between brackets in their correct Infinitive or Gerund form : 1.The children are busy ( collect ) shellss on the beach . 2.She had to ask the boys ( stop) ( make ) noise . 3.Our teacher has promised ( help ) us ( prepare ) for the exam . 4.I’d love ( have ) an opportunity of (meet ) you again . 5.Ther is no ( deny )that he enjoys ( listen ) to his own voice . 6.Is ( boil ) or ( fry ) the best way of ( cook ) this fish . 7.It’s no use you r ( ask )him ( lend ) you any money . 8.She stopped ( talk ) as if waiting for him ( speak ). 3 9.He advised me ( consider ) all the facts before ( decide ) ( accept ) the job . 10.My uncle used to ( show ) me where ( go ) and what ( buy ). 11.There is nothing like ( walk ) as a means of ( keep ) 12.I couldn’t resist ( ask ) him why he was trying ( avoid )(meet ) me . THE END 4 . . They promised not to be late III.Here are some common verbs that are followed either by the Gerund or the Infinitive *Group 1 : Either the gerund or the Infinitive may be used after these. needs to be mended )  OTHER USES OF THE GERUND AND THE INFINITIVE I. The Gerund is used after Prepositions and after nearly all two – word verbs : E.g :I’m tired of meeting the same people every. 2 III .The Gerund may follow Possessive Adjectives ( MY , YOUR , HIS …. )and nouns in the Possessive case.These Adjectives and nouns are the subject of the Gerund . E.g :His having won the prize