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The following document is intended for individuals preparing for the IELTS Exam, particularly those who may require additional support in the areas of grammar and vocabulary, with the goal of enhancing their proficiency in a short time.
IELTS MATERIAL WRITING TASK 1_Free Material For Everyone IELTS WRITING TASK I INTRODUCTION (PARAPHRASING) graph / chart / diagram line graph Show illustrate / demonstrate / compare information about data for the proportion of the percentage of / the figure for the number of the figure for/ the quantity of the total number the overall number consumption the amount of … consumed The number of people who visited HN The number of people visiting Hanoi/ the number of visitors people in the US Americans from 1999 to 2009 between 1999 and 2009 / over a period of 10 years in three countries in Vietnam, Thailand, and Singapore (name the countries) various mobile phone features different functions of mobile phones men and women males and females/ genders OVERVIEW It can be seen that Có thể thấy The overall trend was upward/ downward Xu hướng tổng thể tăng/ giảm All figures experienced except for Tất số chứng kiến ngoại trừ Experienced the fastest growth Đã chứng kiến tăng trưởng mạnh the highest/ lowest figure Là số cao nhất/ thấp There were significant changes in Đã có thay đổi lớn IELTS MATERIAL WRITING TASK 1_Free Material For Everyone LINE GRAPH A SENTENCE STRUCTURES 1) Time, S + V + adv From 2000 to 2005, the number of workers decreased sharply 2) There + be + a/an + adj + N + in + S + time There was a sharp decrease in the number of workers over the 5-year period 3) S + saw / witnessed / underwent a quick drop + time The number of workers underwent a sharp decrease between 2000 and 2005 4) A + adj + N + in + S was recorded A sharp decrease in the number of workers was recorded in the period from 2000 to 2005 B VERBS AND NOUNS Direction Verb Noun (1) Went up An upturn Increased An increase Rose A rise Grew A growth Climbed A climb Boomed A boom (2) Leaped Rocketed (3) (4) Surged A surge Decreased A decrease Dropped A drop Declined A decline Fell A fall Plunged A plunge Slumped A slump Dove A dive Plummeted IELTS MATERIAL WRITING TASK 1_Free Material For Everyone Direction Verb Noun (5) Did not change No change Remained steady Leveled out A leveling out Stayed constant (6) Fluctuated A fluctuation (7) Peaked A peak (8) Bottomed A bottom C ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS Degree Adj Speed Adv Adj Adv Dramatic Dramatically Rapid Rapidly Steep Steeply Quick Quickly Sharp Sharply Swift Swiftly Significant Significantly Steady Steadily Remarkable Remarkably Moderate Moderately Huge IELTS MATERIAL WRITING TASK 1_Free Material For Everyone Degree Speed Adj Slight Adv Slightly Small Minimal Adj Adv Slow Slowly Gradual Gradually Minimally D PREPOSITIONS Preposition Noun of movements Verb of movements Followed by Example An increase In + something A decrease Of + amount of change An upsurge From/to + old/new figure An upsurge from 1% to 20% To rise By + amount of change It rose by 5% To fall From/to + old/new figure It fell from 6% to 1% To peak/ start / At end + figure/level It peaked at 5000 To fluctuate + range It fluctuated at around 10 tons per year At around Between A decrease of 5% in the number of infants E CONNECTING SENTENCES 1) Before/After + V-ing, S + V + adv After declining rapidly, the number of cars increased remarkably 2) S + V + adv, then more/less + adv Only used for movements in the same direction The number of cars declined slightly in 2000, then more sharply in the next years 3) S + V1 + adv, but later/then + V2 + adv Only used for movements in the opposite directions IELTS MATERIAL WRITING TASK 1_Free Material For Everyone The number of cars declined slightly in 2000, but then went up sharply in the next years 4) There was a/an + adj1 + N1, which was followed by + a/an + adj2 + N2 There was a slight decline in the number of cars, which was followed by a sharp growth 5) S + V + adv, V-ing … and then … The number of cars declined slightly in 2000, remaining constant in the next years and then grew slightly at the end of the period F COMPARISON LANGUAGE Structure X + experienced / witnessed + the greatest changes in something Example London experienced by far the greatest changes in food prices over the period Both P and Q rate rose / fell + time, but the Unemployment rates in both countries figures for P were significantly higher rose over the period shown, but the figures for the US were significantly higher The most + adj + N was seen in the X sector The most dramatic decrease was seen in the industrial sector The biggest change was seen in …, which fell/rose + adv over the period The biggest change was seen in the proportion of Internet users in the US, which fell steadily over the period A much larger percentage / proportion of S A much larger proportion of students + V … in comparison with Y chose portable MP3 player in comparison with adults and senior citizens The percentage of X was highest in … Of the three categories, the percentage of Internet users was highest in the US Of the x items, S + V + the most … Of the items, consumers spent the most money on laptops The X was the most + adj + type + time Football was the most common type of hobbies from the late 1970’s onwards X accounted for / took up / occupied the largest proportion of Y Plants accounted for the largest proportion of electricity used There were more X than Y + Ving, figure A versus figure B In 2003, there were more boys than girls suffering obesity, over 700 thousand versus about 650 thousand In a similar trend, S + also + V In a similar trend, the rate of growth also increased for Vietnam’s GDP IELTS MATERIAL WRITING TASK 1_Free Material For Everyone Structure Example The X rate rose / increased by …, but there was a much smaller rise/increase in Y From 1990 to 200, the employment rate in Yemen rose by 40%, but there was a much smaller rise in the figure for Italy X + was triple + that of + Y Canada’s wheat production was triple that of Vietnam Almost a% of S + V, compared to about b% of S2 and only c% of S3 Almost 80% of Canadians used the Internet over the period, compared to about 60% of Americans and only 50% of Mexicans Outnumbered / surpassed In the first hours, the percentage of people listening to radio outnumbered that of viewers The figures for A and B were lower, at about x% and y% respectively The figures for oil and gas were much lower, at about 12% and 8% respectively IELTS MATERIAL WRITING TASK 1_Free Material For Everyone BAR CHART COMPARISON STRUCTURE: 1) Superlative: A + be + the + adj-est/most adj/least adj + in (group) Eg: The population of Germany was the greatest in 11 countries mentioned/given 2) Comparative S1 + be + adj-er/more adj/less adj + than S2 with Number Eg: The population of France with 65mil was higher than that of Italy with 60mil There + be + more N/ fewer Ncp / less Nunc + Ving/Vp2 + than S2 Eg: There were more people in France living than (that) in Italy More/Fewer/Less + N + Vpast + than S2 Eg: More people lived in France than in Italy S1 + V1 while S2 + V2 Eg: The population of France was 65mil while that of Italy was 60mil Notice: The population of France was higher than that of Italy with 65mil and 60mil respectively (lần lượt) 3) Equalative S1 + be + as adj as + S2 Eg: The population of Brazil was as high as that of Czech and Greece There be as many Ncp/ as much Nunc + Ving/Vp2 as S2 Eg: There were as many people living in Brazil as in Czech and Greece As many Ncp/ As much Nunc + Vpast + as + S2 S1 + be + the same as/similar to + S2 Eg: The population of Brazil was the same as that of Czech and Greece IELTS MATERIAL WRITING TASK 1_Free Material For Everyone PIE CHART A SENTENCE STRUCTURES 1) S(piece/portion) + accounted for/comprised + % + (of total) occupied/constituted made up/took up Eg: Holiday accounted for 47% of the reasons international visitors coming to New Zealand 2) There be + % + of total Ving/Vp2… There were 47% of the reasons international visitors coming to NZ for holiday/because of holiday 2’) % (of total) + Ved Eg: 47% of (the reasons) international visitors came to NZ for holiday 3) Smax came first with % WHILE/ WHEREAS Smin came last with % Eg: Holiday came first with 47% while other reasons except business and visiting people came last with 11% Or: Holiday came first while other reasons except business and visiting people came last with 47% and 11% respectively B LANGUAGE TO DESCRIBE PERCENTAGES From basic percentages… … to using it with comparisons and different tenses 73% of people = a significant majority of people = approximately three quarters of people X become the most important / prevalent / popular … in 2000, … ing / accounting for almost 75% of … 66% of people = a large proportion of = precisely two thirds of … Nuclear power became the most important fuel source in France in 2000, producing almost 75% of the country’s electricity 5% = an insignificant amount of … = a small fraction of … Developing countries are expected to account for a bigger share of emissions in 2030, 68% compared to 48% in 1999 Accounted for 35% of … X countries are projected to make up a lower proportion, 43%, 9% down over the period IELTS MATERIAL WRITING TASK 1_Free Material For Everyone From basic percentages… … to using it with comparisons and different tenses Occupied a good proportion of … X & Y made up a much lower proportion, each producing (an estimated) billion ton Made up just over a third of … X became the major producer in 2000 Constituted 35% of … 35% of people chose … The proportion of people who chose red was 35% Took up a large amount of … Are estimated to take up the remaining 9% IELTS MATERIAL WRITING TASK 1_Free Material For Everyone COMPARISON A Comparison between sentences In contrast The most popular form of holiday among the Welsh was self-catering with over 60% choosing to cook for themselves In contrast, only 5% of the English chose this form of vacation and hotel accommodation was much more popular at 48% In comparison Almost 50% of the English, Scots, and Northern Irish chose to stay in a hotel for their holiday In comparison, staying in self-catering accommodation was much less popular with around 10% of people choosing this However The general pattern was for hotel accommodation to be the most popular with around half people choosing it The majority of the Welsh, however, chose to stay in self-catering accommodation On the other hand It is clear that a majority of the British chose to stay in hotel for their holiday On the other hand, there was an exception to this because over 50% of the Welsh opted for self-catering accommodation B Comparison within sentences While While there are million miles of train lines in the UK, there are only million in France Whereas Whereas the majority of the French prefer to travel to work by train, only a small minority of the British Although Although 15% of the French read novels, only 5% of the British But Almost 25% of French females study maths with a private tutor, but nearly 60% study English with one C Comparison with More or Less/Fewer Than 5% more/less/fewer girls chose to read books than go to the cinema Fewer/Less Fewer mobile phones were bought in 2013 than 2014 Less oil was consumed in 2013 than 2014 D Quality your comparisons with Much / Far / Slightly or A Number - Far fewer people chose to travel by train than by car (Where’s the detail?) -> 25% fewer people chose to travel by train than by car (Better now we have detail and not just a comparison) E Comparisons with most or least / fewest When you are looking for details to include, the highest / lowest number is almost always IELTS MATERIAL WRITING TASK 1_Free Material For Everyone important - The most popular form of entertainment in the UK was going to the cinema - The least common form of transport was taking a taxi F Comparisons for similar numbers Similar (to) - The percentages of females and males who studied languages at university were very similar - A similar amount of gas and electricity was used domestically in homes The figures for 2012 were very similar to the figures for 2013 The same as - The percentage of females who studied at university in 2011 was almost exactly the same as in 2012 G Comparisons with differ / different / difference Compare things that are very different in number / amount - The amount of time spent at home differed by almost 25% according to gender - There was a difference of over 25% in the amount of time males and females spent a home - The figure was very different among males, only half of whom watched television I Comparisons by doing some calculations A number + more / less / fewer million fewer units of gas were sold in 2014 Twice - Twice as many people elected to use gas and not electricity for cooking - Twice the amount of gas was used for cooking in this period Three / Four times Four times as many people chose to heat their house with electricity as with gas Half - Half the number of people chose to use gas as electricity - Electricity was half as popular as gas for cooking IELTS MATERIAL WRITING TASK 1_Free Material For Everyone PROCESS A Some Notes 1) types of Process and things to remember Manufacturing process Use Passive Form Natural process Use Active Form BOTH USE PRESENT TENSE 2) Sequencing Language - The first stage is when … + Clause - The first step involves + V-ing - Next, / Then, / Afterwards, / Subsequently, / After that, / Following that, At the next stage of the process, + Clause - Firstly / Initially + Clause - At the fourth stage of the process, - Finally / The process ends when Example - The third step is when the bricks are put in a cooling chamber - The process ends when the bricks are packaged and ready to be delivered to customers 3) Synonyms: End = Culminate; At the same time = While = As = Simultaneously B Useful expressions for Introduction - The diagram / process + illustrates / demonstrates / shows + the procedures / the various stages / steps in producing + something - The diagram / process shows + how + something is / are manufactured / produced -> With example: 1/ A + shows / describes / illustrates + how + clause E.g: The diagram below shows how salt is removed from sea water to make it drinkable 2/ A + shows / describes / illustrates + noun Note: Illustrate thường dùng cho diagram để miêu tả trình E.g: The diagram illustrates the various stages in the desalination of seawater to make it suitable for drinking IELTS MATERIAL WRITING TASK 1_Free Material For Everyone MAP SENTENCE STRUCTURES TO DESCRIBE MAPS 1/ Chủ động: S (sự vật mới) + V (động từ miêu tả thay đổi) + O (sự vật cũ) - A new stadium replaced a number of houses along the coast - Some factories took the place of many trees on the right bank of the river Bị động: O (sự vật cũ) + was/ were + PII (replaced/ removed/ demolished + by/ to make way for/ to give way to + S (sự vật mới) - The old shopping center was demolished to make way for several offices and a university - The industrial complex was extended towards the South 2/ Time + witnessed / experienced / showed + N (danh từ miêu tả thay đổi) - The period from 2000 to 2009 witnessed the replacement of the western residential area by a new shopping centre - The 2000s experienced the extension of the industrial complex towards the South 3/ There + be + N (danh từ miêu tả thay đổi) + something - There was an appearance of a cinema in place of the art centre in the west of the village - There was an extension of the industrial complex towards the South over the nine-year period 4) Direction + witness / experience / show + N (danh từ miêu tả thay đổi) - The west of the lake side witnessed the appearance of a cinema in place of the art centre 5) Sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ - The derelict warehouse which was situated in the north of the lakeside near the old town was knocked down to give way to a car park 6) Câu ghép phụ - While the old town was demolished, there was an appearance of several offices and a university in the 2000s