Inclusive Urban Design A guide to creating accessible public spaces David Bonnett Associates Inclusive urban design A guide to creating accessible public spaces David Bonnett Associates First published in the UK in 2013 By BSI Standards Limited 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL ©The British Standards Institution 2013 All rights reserved Except as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without prior permission in writing from the publisher Whilst every care has been taken in developing and compiling this publication, BSI accepts no liability for any loss or damage caused, arising directly or indirectly in connection with reliance on its contents except to the extent that such liability may not be excluded in law While every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders, anyone claiming copyright should get in touch with the BSI at the above address BSI has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate Typeset in Great Britain by and Other Short Stories Limited Printed in Great Britain by Berforts Group, www.berforts.co.uk British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978 580 815232 Contents Acknowledgements iv 4.0 Horizontal pedestrian circulation.49 7.0 Public realm features 111 Foreword v 4.1 Accessible routes .50 7.1 Trees, planting and landscaping 111 4.2 Other routes 56 7.2 Water features 113 1.0 Introduction 4.3 Surface materials .57 7.3 Street furniture 115 1.1 Purpose of this guide 4.4 Pedestrian/vehicular crossings 63 7.4 Fences, guardrails and bollards 117 1.2 Inclusive design principles 4.5 Single surface and pedestrianized spaces 66 7.5 Seating 121 1.3 Sustainability 1.4 Physical and mental maps 1.5 Consulting with users 1.6 Inclusive design process 1.7 Methodology 10 1.8 Law and planning context 14 1.9 Application of standards 16 7.6 Bus shelters 124 7.7 Cycle stands and routes 127 5.0 Vertical circulation 71 5.1 Lifting devices .72 5.2 Ramps 78 5.3 Escalators and moving walkways.85 7.8 Public telephones 130 7.9 Outdoor café/picnic areas .133 7.10 Drainage outlets 135 7.11 Lighting 137 5.4 Steps/stairs 90 8.0 Management and maintenance 139 2.0 Arrival 19 2.1 Inclusive road network 20 2.2 Public transport 21 2.3 Set-down/pick-up points 24 2.4 Parking provision .26 2.5 Pedestrian routes to entrances 32 6.0 Public facilities 99 6.1 Meeting points 99 6.2 Information points/centres 102 8.1 Management .140 8.2 Cleaning 142 8.3 Maintenance 144 6.3 Visitor attractions and other facilities 105 6.4 Recreation and play facilities .107 9.0 Bibliography 147 6.5 Sanitary facilities 109 2.6 Vehicular entrances to site 32 2.7 Pedestrian entrances 34 3.0 Wayfinding and information 39 3.1 Legibility 40 3.2 Wayfinding 41 3.3 Sensory clues 42 3.4 Information and signage 43 iii Acknowledgements Dr David Bonnett RIBA Adrian Cave OBE, RIBA, NRAC Pauline Nee MRICS Marine Semichon DPLG (France) MSc Inclusive Design Helen Allen MA Landscape Architecture, MA Inclusive Design, NRAC Tamara Kocan MA Ann Alderson RIBA iv Inclusive urban design The moment you approach a building, especially one constructed or adapted in recent years, you become conscious of the world of regulation The ramp tells you that the building is designed to welcome those who can’t use steps Or the flush threshold says that wheelchair users will not face insuperable obstacles Once inside, there are numerous features in every type of building that these days mean it is ‘inclusive’, that is to say reasonably convenient for all, not just those regarded as normal Foreword Given the difficulties and dangers people may have faced in travelling to and arriving at a particular building, it seems as though legislators have made up for problems in the public realm by loading regulation onto building owners, implying that if buildings are acceptable, then everything else will be too Of course this is not the case, not least because of this curious disconnected way of thinking about the built environment in all its forms The greatest hazards to mobility and use lie in the public arena, not the private, yet legislation and guidance is far more concerned with the latter In a sense that is a starting point for this valuable publication which is about solutions for the urban environment Its value, however, lies less in its general proposition about the desirability of inclusive design (with which few would disagree), than in the practical guidance it offers about how to achieve inclusivity without resorting to a demand for hundreds of detailed new regulations There is existing legislation and there are existing regulations, but then there are better and worse ways of complying with, and indeed thinking about them There are also things that clients and designers know, or need to know, which cannot be covered by law – for example strategies for management and maintenance Even where there are clear regulatory environments, there are still multiple choices to be made which require a common understanding and a coherent framework within which those choices can be made This guide provides that framework, based on many years of design, observation and testing Much of it, quite apart from its specific implications for inclusivity, is rooted in principles of good urban design, without which individual buildings (however welldesigned) can scarcely be described as truly accessible As ever, and as the guide makes clear, design principles need to be understood and deployed in the early stages of design While it is not always the case, most buildings either include public realm elements or certainly need to respond to them This guide will help inform that process, in addition to offering guidance on what are sometimes thought of as ancillary issues, but which loom large in the lives of those for whom the built environment has to be endlessly negotiated, rather than appreciated and enjoyed The principles espoused here are warmly endorsed by Design Council Cabe, which through its design review and design guidance programmes has tried to promote inclusivity as an inherent principle for architects and urbanists, rather than as a latestage add-on in the design process This is a welcome publication, and the necessity for it is not only timely but overdue Paul Finch, Chairman, Design Council Cabe Foreword v vi Inclusive urban design 1.0 Introduction Figure 1.1: Bradford Pool, Gillespies Landscape Architects, well designed public spaces are welcoming to all, photograph courtesy of Bradford District Council 1.1 Purpose of this guide Aims This guide describes the principles and processes by which the objectives of inclusive design in the public realm can be assessed and delivered as part of a project The purpose of the guide is to inform planners, urban designers, landscape architects and their clients how to create accessible and barrier-free public spaces, so that they can be confidently and safely used by all In carrying out this task, the guide first draws together current relevant access standards relating to the external environment, cross-referencing sources other than British Standards where appropriate Second, the guide also sets out the processes by which these standards become embedded into the design process, especially in the early design stages Finally, the guide refers to the contribution that can be made by user consultation This is a longneglected aspect of the design process, due to the belief that published standards are sufficient on their own They are not, and are certainly no substitute for the knowledge that local consultation can bring The guide will be helpful not only to designers responsible for delivering a quality product, but also to policy-makers and planning authorities responsible for defining ‘quality’ with regard to public spaces (see Figure 1.1) Introduction Inclusive urban design 1.2 Inclusive design principles Quality of public spaces Inclusive design makes an important contribution to the quality of public spaces by maximizing their use and appeal to the widest number of people (Figure 1.2) The premise of inclusive design is that it should be possible to design the physical environment in a way that addresses the needs of disabled people, with consequential benefits for others, including older people and parents with small children A mainstream approach By adopting a mainstream approach as opposed to focusing on special needs, inclusive design should achieve its purpose unobtrusively and with the minimum of additional features and gadgets In other words, it should meet the widest possible range of needs by offering choice rather than by focusing on a particular group Independence Independent use of the built environment is substantially determined by the availability of choice This is critical to disabled people who have developed ‘coping’ skills over their lifetime, but also to older people with reducing abilities at a time of life when it is difficult to learn new skills and adapt quickly Competing considerations In designing external public spaces, a balance has to be achieved between competing considerations These include the consequences of change for historic settings; cultural and traditional use of spaces; and also concerns for aesthetics and sustainability These are the challenges that this guide addresses In so doing, it draws particular but fresh attention to well understood objectives such as effective wayfinding and ease of movement between levels, as well as the need for suitable public facilities and a sense of safety and comfort Ideas are explored concerning shared spaces, signage and information, and each with the aim of encouraging greater use and enjoyment of public spaces Both English Heritage’s Conservation Principles and the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) provide further advice on understanding these values Future research Much more on these subjects needs to be researched and tested, for example, the creation of shared spaces with calm areas sheltered from the noise of traffic The key challenge for this guide will be the extent to which it can generate interest in inclusive design by stimulating further publications and research Figure 1.2: The flight of steps have become a destination in themselves Introduction 8.0 Management and maintenance Management and maintenance 139 8.1 Management a Definition The external urban environment needs to be managed to ensure that it is safe for everyone, functions well and is attractive and pleasant to use This is likely to require collaboration between different organizations and authorities A developer has a long-term commitment to providing and maintaining an inclusive environment, in accordance with Planning and access for disabled people: A good practice guide (ODPM, 2003) b Issues Roads and footways Vehicular and pedestrian routes should be kept clear of unnecessary obstructions Where there is moveable seating, or other street furniture, such as pavement boards, management agreements should ensure that these not cause an obstruction Licensing agreements with retailers should restrict the times when rubbish can be left outside, in a designated area, and agree on a fixed location or zone for external advertising so as not to create a trip hazard for people with sight loss Where any temporary barriers are erected, for example for maintenance work, they should not obstruct pedestrian routes or, if they do, an alternative should be provided They should be at least 900 mm high and should visually contrast with their background so that they are clearly identifiable and not cause a hazard, particularly for blind and partially sighted people Signage Signage and information (maps, literature, timetables and audio guides) must be accurate and kept up to date This is particularly important where routes change or have to be temporarily diverted, and where facilities, such as lifts and public WCs, are temporarily out of service In these cases signs should be located at points where people can choose an alternative so that they not have a wasted journey It is also important that temporary signs are removed when no longer required, and that original or new signage is put back in place Accessible parking Accessible parking spaces need to be managed to ensure that they are available for disabled people and not misused by others For popular or temporary events, consideration also needs to be given to overspill parking for expanding and contracting visitor numbers and preferential parking arrangements; in some circumstances where there is restricted space, loading bays might be temporarily used for preferential parking 140 Inclusive urban design Mechanical equipment Where any mechanical equipment required for access (barriers, lifts, escalators/ moving walkways) is not operational, clear signage and information on alternative routes should be provided Public facilities Management control of specific facilities offering services, such as cafés, should ensure that furniture and any other associated features not become obstacles for visually impaired people Similarly, accessible WCs should not be used as storage areas Where possible, there should be suitable dog spend areas for assistance dogs at visitor attractions and recreation and play facilities Keys to accessible WCs and Changing Places Keys (RADAR and other) for accessible WCs and Changing Places must be readily available with clear instructions as to how a key is obtained Emergency communication Where automatic access controls, lifts or escalators/moving walkways are installed, or where there are accessible WCs or Changing Places, there must always be a staff member available to take emergency calls and give instructions on alternative arrangements or emergency procedures Security and passive surveillance Secured by Design guidance (see http://www.securedbydesign.com/) provides details about improving safety through design The design of external spaces should encourage mixed use of buildings, provide popular facilities for a wide age range at different times of the day, provide pedestrian routes, avoid concealed spaces, and provide good lighting, in order to increase passive surveillance and security The more open and visible all public areas and facilities are, the better the security Advantage should be taken of any high points or viewing points in an area In some areas it may be necessary to introduce CCTV cameras for security These should be positioned in accordance with an overall security management strategy, and should be regularly monitored User feedback and consultation A survey of users, particularly disabled people, can give useful feedback on the effectiveness of the environment and the facilities provided, and can inform future changes and improvements Before redesigning any streetscape or public space, undertaking a street audit with local people is highly recommended As part of improvement works, arrangements for travel training for partially sighted people could be offered Management and maintenance 141 8.2 Cleaning a Definition The purpose of regular and effective cleaning is to help maximize the benefits of welldesigned accessible public spaces Failure to maintain and clean can undermine these benefits and instead encourage misuse and antisocial behaviour This deters other people from using the facility, and may call into question the entire value of a public space project b Issues External surfaces Pedestrian routes (footpaths, ramps and steps, parking areas, shared-use spaces and public open spaces) should be kept clean, unobstructed and free of contamination by surface water, snow, ice, leaves, lichen and debris Contamination will generally reduce the slip resistance of the surface, and snow and ice will make it ineffective Debris and litter can be a slip and trip hazard Pedestrian routes and areas should be kept free of dog excrement, which can be a slip hazard, is a health danger, and is unpleasant to have on shoes, wheels or hands Dogwaste bags and bins should be provided and should be cleaned/emptied regularly Drainage outlets should be kept clear of leaves, debris and anything that can prevent water draining away, to avoid surplus surface water and puddling Care should be taken that any cleaning materials or equipment not damage the surface finish, which may affect its slip resistance, flatness or durability Surfaces should not be polished Signage and information All signs and information boards should be kept clean so that the visual contrast is maintained and they are easily identifiable and readable It will also help to discourage graffiti and vandalism, which can deter some groups of people, such as older people, from using spaces Lifts, escalators and moving walkways Public lifts, being enclosed spaces, may be subject to vandalism and graffiti Regular and frequent daily cleaning will help to ensure that they remain operational and pleasant to use, so that vulnerable people, who may well be disabled, are not disinclined to use them Escalators require regular cleaning to ensure their safe operation, as dirt and litter can affect their mechanical operation and the safety of people using them 142 Inclusive urban design Public facilities Public facilities, such as recreation and play areas and sanitary facilities, should be kept clean so that they not deter people from using them and are safe, easy and pleasant to use (see Section 6.5) Seating and street furniture Seating and street furniture should be cleaned regularly so that it remains functional and safe, and visual contrast is maintained to prevent it becoming a hazard Lighting External light fittings will require regular cleaning to ensure that lighting levels are maintained Waste collection Retail and commercial premises usually require a designated on-street location for waste at the end of the working day Space must be allocated that does not create a trip hazard or restrict passing widths on the pavement Management and maintenance 143 8.3 Maintenance a Definition All surfaces, structures, fixtures and fittings require maintenance to ensure that they remain safe and fit for purpose b Issues External surfaces All external routes (roads, footpaths, pedestrian routes including ramps and steps, cycle routes, shared-use spaces and hard-surfaced pedestrian open spaces) need to be regularly checked to ensure that they are not damaged or worn and that they retain their slip resistance, stability, flatness and colour, and can be used easily and safely Any damage, such as potholes, loose slabs, damaged joints or loose nosings, should be repaired as soon as possible Adverse weather conditions can cause problems, for example, heavy rain can wash away poorly laid hoggin and create a substantial camber or wear away to the substrate Painted markings for accessible parking, on road humps and so on, should be regularly maintained so that they remain clearly visible Trees, planting and landscaping Trees and planting should be inspected and maintained regularly so that branches not obstruct high vehicles or mask signs, and roots not obstruct or damage vehicular or pedestrian routes Grassed and soft landscaped areas need to be regularly maintained so that they remain attractive and usable: overgrown areas deter people and are more likely to be subject to antisocial behaviour and vandalism Mechanical equipment All mechanical equipment (including access gates/barriers, lifts, escalators/ moving walkways) must be regularly inspected and serviced in accordance with the manufacturer’s guidance and relevant standards 144 Inclusive urban design Communication systems All communication systems, particularly those for emergency use in lifts, on escalators/moving walkways, at access control systems and in accessible WCs and Changing Places, must be checked regularly to ensure that they are usable, reachable and in working order Public facilities Facilities for public use, recreation and play areas, and sanitary facilities, must be regularly inspected and maintained to ensure that all equipment and fittings are in a safe, usable condition and securely fixed (see Section 6.5) Seating and street furniture Seating, street furniture, fences and barriers will require regular inspection to ensure that they are not damaged, and maintenance to ensure that they are safe, serviceable, securely fixed and retain their visual contrast Lighting Lighting needs to be regularly checked to ensure that all lamps are working Broken lamps should be replaced as quickly as possible so that lighting levels are not reduced and safety, surveillance and security are not compromised Management and maintenance 145 146 Inclusive urban design 9.0 Bibliography The following list is a comprehensive but not definitive representation of all guidance documents Reference should be made to the most up-to-date legislation Legislation Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act 1970, Department of Health (DoH), 1970 Climate Change Act 2008 Codes of Practice, Disability Rights Commission (from October 2004) Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000, HMSO, 2000 Disability Discrimination Act 2005, HMSO, 2005 Energy Act 2008 (Consequential Amendments) Order 2009 Energy Using Products (EuP) Directive Equality Act 2010, HMSO, 2010 Planning Act 2008, HMSO, 2008 Building Regulations The Building Regulations 2010, Protection from falling, collision and impact, Approved Document K, HMSO, 2013 The Building Regulations 2010, Access to and use of buildings, Approved Document M (2004 edition incorporating 2010 and 2013 amendments), HMSO, 2013 Bibliography 147 Standards British Standards BS 5395-1:2010, Stairs – Part 1: Code of practice for the design of stairs with straight flights and winders, British Standards Institution, 2010 BS 5489-1:2013, Code of practice for the design of road lighting – Lighting of roads and public amenity areas, British Standards Institution, 2013 BS 5656-2:2004, Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts – Particular applications for passenger and goods passenger lifts – Accessibility to lifts for persons including persons with disability, British Standards Institution, 2004 BS 5709:2006, Gaps, gates and stiles, British Standards Institution, 2006 BS 6180:2011, Barriers in and about buildings, British Standards Institution, 2011 BS 6440:2011, Powered vertical lifting platforms having non-enclosed or partially enclosed liftways intended for use by persons with impaired mobility, British Standards Institution, 2011 BS 6571-4:1989, Vehicle parking control equipment – Specification for barrier type parking control equipment, British Standards Institution, 1989 BS 7000-6:2005, Design management systems – Part 6: Managing inclusive design – Guide, British Standards Institution, 2005 BS 7997:2003, Products for tactile paving surface indicators, British Standards Institution, 2003 BS 8300:2009 (amended 2010), Design of buildings and their approaches to meet the needs of disabled people – Code of practice, British Standards Institution, 2010 BS 8501:2002, Graphical symbols and signs – Public information symbols, British Standards Institution, 2002 BS DD CEN/TS 15209:2008, Tactile paving surface indicators produced from concrete, clay and stone (Draft in development), British Standards Institution, 2008 BS EN 81-28:2003, Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts – Remote alarm on passenger and goods passenger lifts, British Standards Institution, 2003 BS EN 81-41:2010, Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts – Special lifts for the transport of persons and goods – Vertical lifting platforms intended for use by persons with impaired mobility, British Standards Institution, 2010 BS EN 81-70:2003, Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts – Particular applications for passenger and goods passenger lifts – Accessibility to lifts for persons including persons with disability, British Standards Institution, 2003 148 Inclusive urban design BS EN 115-1:2008+A1:2010, Safety of escalators and moving walks, British Standards Institution, 2010 BS EN 1991-1-1:2002, Eurocode Actions on structures – General actions – Densities, selfweight, imposed loads for buildings, British Standards Institution, 2002 BS EN 12414:1999, Vehicle parking control equipment – Pay and display ticket machine – Technical and functional requirements, British Standards Institution, 1999 International Standards ISO 7176-28:2012, Wheelchairs – Part 28: Requirements and test methods for stairclimbing devices, British Standards Institution, 2012 ISO 9386-1:2000, Power-operated lifting platforms for persons with impaired mobility, British Standards Institution, 2000 Guidance documentation Design and access statements: How to write, read and use them, Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE), 2006 Guidance on information requirements and validation, Department for Communities and Local Government, 2010 Planning and access for disabled people: A good practice guide, Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM), 2003 External environment/transport Atkin, R, ‘Sight line: Designing better streets for people with low vision, CABE/RCA/Helen Hamlyn Centre, 2010 Guidance on the use of tactile paving surfaces, Department for Transport, 2007 Improving walkability: Good practice guidance on improving pedestrian conditions as part of development opportunities, Transport for London, 2005 Manual for streets: Guidance for practitioners involved in the planning, provision and approval of new residential streets and modifications to existing ones, Department for Transport, 2007 Manual for streets 2: Wider application of the principles, Chartered Institution of Highways and Transportation, 2010 Inclusive mobility: A guide to best practice on access to pedestrian and transport infrastructure, P Oxley, Department for Transport, 2002 Planning policy guidance 13: Transport, Department for Communities and Local Government, 2011 Bibliography 149 Rights of way circular (1/09), Guidance for local authorities, Version 2, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), 2009 Station planning standards and guidelines – Good practice guide, London Underground Limited, 2007 Local Transport Note 1/95 Assessment of pedestrian crossings, Department for Transport, 1995 Local Transport Note 1/95 Assessment of pedestrian crossings, Department for Transport, 1995 Local Transport Note 2/95 Design of pedestrian crossings, Department for Transport, 1995 Traffic Advisory Leaflet: 4/91 Audible and Tactile Signals at Pelican Crossings, Department for Transport, 1991 Traffic Advisory Leaflet 5/95, Parking for Disabled People, Department for Transport, 1995 Signage, lighting and wayfinding Barker, P and Fraser, J, The sign design guide: A guide to inclusive signage, SDS/RNIB Bright, K and Cook, G (2010), The colour, light and contrast manual: Designing and managing inclusive built environments, Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell Policy documents National planning policy framework (NPPF), Department for Communities and Local Government, 2012 Supplementary planning guidance – Accessible london: Achieving an inclusive environment, Greater London Authority, 2004 The london plan: Spatial development strategy for greater london, Mayor of London, 2011 Landscape and urban design Asken Ltd and Associates/Natural England (2008) Natural england: Handbook for local access forum (LAF) Members, http://www.naturalengland.org.uk/Images/ LAFhandbook%20_tcm6-7698.pdf [accessed 21 April 2013] BT Countryside for all: Accessibility standards, The Fieldfare Trust, 1997 (updated 2005), http://www.fieldfare.org.uk/?page_id=21 [accessed 21 April 2013] Burton, E and Mitchell, L, Inclusive urban design: Streets for life, Oxford: Architectural Press, 2006 By design: Urban design in the planning system: toward better practice, DETR, 2000 Hospers, G J, ‘Lessons from Lynch’, Town and country planning, vol 79 no 12, Dec 2010, pp.553–556 150 Inclusive urban design Improving walkability: Good practice guidance on improving pedestrian conditions as part of development opportunities, Transport for London (TfL), 2005 Inclusive design for getting outdoors, http://www.idgo.ac.uk/ [accessed 22 April 2013] By all reasonable means: Inclusive access to the outdoors for disabled people, The Countryside Agency, 2005 Safer surfaces to walk on: Reducing the risk of slipping, CIRIA C652, 2006 Lynch, K, The image of the city, MIT Press, 1960 Shared space Designing the future Space: Qualitative research, MVA Consultancy, report for Department for Transport, October 2010 Local transport note 1/11: Shared space, Department for Transport (DfT), October 2011 Passionate about research Exhibition road corduroy delineator testing, MVA Consultancy, report for Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, May 2011 Testing proposed delineators to demarcate pedestrian paths in a shared space environment (PAMELA), University College London (UCL) and Guide Dogs, 2007 Thomas, C & Wood, C (2006) Safe Space: Meeting the requirements of blind and partially sighted people in a shared space, The Guide Dogs For The Blind Association Recreation Accessible play areas: A summary of accessibility guidelines for play areas, US Access Board, 2005 Developing accessible play space: A good practice guide, ODPM, 2003 John, A & Wheway, R (2004) Can play will play: Disabled children and access to outdoor playgrounds, National Playing Fields Association (NPFA) Technical guidance relating to playground layout and design, Association of Play Industries (API), 2009 Sustainability Applying inclusive design principles to eco-town development: eco-towns inclusive design worksheet, TCPA/Communities and Local Government, 2009 Code for sustainable homes, Department for Communities and Local Government, 2008 Eco-towns prospectus, Communities and Local Government, 2007 Lifetime neighbourhoods, Department for Communities and Local Government, 2011 Bibliography 151 What makes an eco-town? A report from BioRegional and CABE inspired by the eco-towns challenge panel, CABE/Bioregional, 2008, http://www.oneplanetcommunities.org/wpcontent/uploads/2010/03/What-makes-an-eco-town-2008.pdf [accessed 21 April 2013] Arts, culture and sport Accessible sports facilities (formerly known as Access for Disabled People), Design guidance note: Creating sporting opportunities in every community, Sport England, 2010 Heritage Access plans: A guide, Heritage Lottery Fund, 2002 Easy access to historic buildings, English Heritage, 2012 (available at http://www.english heritage.org.uk/publications/easy-access-to-historic-buildings/) [accessed 21 April 2013] Easy access to historic landscapes, English Heritage, 2005 (to be updated in 2013; see http://www.english heritage.org.uk/publications/easy-access-to-historic-landscapes/) [accessed 21 April 2013] Streets for all (eight regional manuals), English Heritage, 2005 152 Inclusive urban design Inclusive Urban Design A guide to creating accessible public spaces This guide addresses how our public spaces, streets and pathways can be inclusively designed to match the significant advances made in the last three decades regarding our buildings and our transport infrastructure The guide is based on the direct experience of David Bonnett Associates, a practice that has advised on a range of major UK public realm projects, including the Olympic Park masterplan and Athletes’ Village, and Exhibition Road, both in London The guide is seen as an essential reference for designers and also for local authorities seeking a onestop-shop document suitable as a reference when drafting their local plan and other policy documents Drawing on the established language of planners, architects, landscape architects, urban designers and highways engineers, the guide applies an overlay of inclusive design principles and provides a framework for their application and evaluation About the authors David Bonnett has published many articles and papers on inclusive architectural design and contributes to several national committees with an interest in the subject He is a Built Environment Expert for the Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE) and is Chair of the Centre for Accessible Environments (CAE) David Bonnett Associates (DBA) is a multi-disciplinary access consultancy drawing on a range of architectural, surveying and landscape professionals all of whom have influenced this guide Contributors include Helen Allen of DBA but also Adrian Cave OBE; Marine Semichon, and Tamara Kocan, formerly of DBA and Ann Alderson Shona Clark, and Other Short Stories, was responsible for design and presentation ISBN 978-0-580-81523-2 389 Chiswick High Road London, W4 4AL www.bsigroup.com BSI order ref: BIP 2228 780580 815232