Transformation structure
REVIEW OF STRUCTURE SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION Model 1 : Because /as/ since + clause → Because of/ due to/ owing to + noun/ V-ing Because she behaves well, everybody loves her → Because of her good behaviour, everybody loves her Model 2 : although/ thought /even though + clause → Despite /in spite of + Noun/ V-ing In spite of being tired, they stayed until they found out what happened → Although they very tired, they …… Model 3 : too + adj (for sb) + to-inf → So + adj + that (clause) Such + (a/an adj) noun + that (clause) The box was too heavy that the children couldn’t carry it → It was such a heavy box that the children coyldn’t carry it Model 4 : too + adj (for sb) +to-inf → Not + adj + enough (for sb) + to-inf Mary is too young to grt married → Marry isn’t older enough to get married Model 5 : adj + enough (for sb) + to-inf → So + adj + that (clause) Such + (a/an adj) noun + that (clause) → This question is easy enough for us to answer → It is such an easy question thet we can answer Model 6 : so + adj +that(clause) Such + (a/an adj)noun + that(clause) → Too + adj (for sb) + to-inf Adj + enough (for sb) + to-inf It was such an interesting novel that I read it many times The noval was interesting enough for me to read many times Model 7 : so + adj + that (clause) Such + (a/an adj ) noun + that (clause) The film was so good that I saw it three times → It was such adj good film that I saw it three times Model 8 : to-inf + be +adj +=+ +++ ++ inf- to adj be It inf- to be)(it adj How ing-V adj be It To sit here with you is so nice → It's so nice to sit here with you → it's so nice sitting here with you → how nice it is to sit here with you Model 9 : to-inf + be + adj /noun S + V + it + adj/noun + to-inf To live on my salary must be hard → I find it hard to on my salary Model 10 : condition sentences a) I can't see the play because it is soiled oiut → if the play weren’t soiled out, I could see it b) we didn’t go on holiday because we didn’t have enough money → if we had had enoughj money we could have come on holiday Model 11 : if … not → unless Unless you phone me immediately, you’ll get some information If you phone me immediately, you will get some information Model 12 : wish +→ → → if would Future esubjunctivperfect past Past esubjunctivpast Present a) My wife can't speak English → I wish my wife could speak English b) what adj pity you failed in your driving test → I wish you hadn’t failed in your driving test c) She won’t visit me again → I wish she would visit me again Model 13 : S + V (pre perfect) + time → It is + time + since + clause (V-simple past) a) tom and marry have been married for 5 years → it is 5 years since tom and marry got married b) I haven’t my parents for 1 month → it's 1 month since I last saw my parents Model 14 : S + have/has not + V(pp) → … first time + S + have/has + pp I haven’t seen that man here before → It's the first time I have seen that man here Model 15 : S + have/has not + V(pp) + since/for → S + last + V (past) + when (clause) The last times + S + was a) I haven’t heard him since August → the last times I heard him was in August b) I haven’t seen him since I was a student → the last times I saw him when I was a student Model 16 : S + V (past) + ago → S + have/has been + V-ing + since/for He started working for this factory a year ago → He had been working for this factory since last year Model 17 : S+V + time → It take (O) + time + to-inf She typed the letter in 20 minutes → It took her 20 minutes to type the letter Model 18 : S + V + not + untill … → It was not until… that… Tom didn’t begin to read until he was eight → It was not until tom was eight that he began to read Model 19 : Causative form + Active : S + V + O S + have + O 1 + inf + O 2 (have S.O + doing ) Get to-inf I’ll have Tom wash my car → I’ll get Tom to wash my car +Passive S + have/get + O + V(pp) (have S.th done) I’ll have the car washed → I’ll get the car washed Model 20 ; Passive form S + V + O → S + be + V (pp) + (by…) No one has ever dicuss this question → That question has never been dicussed Model 21 : rumour find believe think know say that … → It + be + V (pp) + that … S 2 + be + V (pp) + to-inf / to have + pp a) They think that the owner of the house is abroad → it is though that the owner of the house is though to be abroad → the owner of the house is though to be abroad b) people thoug that he had died in the battler → it was though that he had died in the battle Model 22 : adj /adv + er + than More + adj /adv + than Someone They people Someone They people → The adj /adv + est The most + adj / adv No one in the group is younger than her → She’s the youngest in the group Model 23 : not + so / as +adj /adv + as → Adj /adv + er + than Stone isn’t hard as iron → Iron is harder than stone Model 24 : clause 1 + clause 2 The comparative + the comparative The more + S+V + the more + S + V Less less As I get older, I want to travel less → The older I get, the less travel I want Model 25 : hardly (past perfect)…when Scarely (past perfect)…when → No sooner (past perfect)… than … no sooner (past perfect) … than he had no sooner seen me than he ran away he had hardly seen me when he ran away → no sooner had he seen me than he ran away hardly he had seen me when he ran away Model 26 : S + V = Auxilary + S +V … He didn't return to his native village until the war ended → Not until the war ended, he dud return to his native village Never [không bao giờ] Seldom [hiếm khi] Not only … but also [không những… mà còn] Not until … [mãi cho tới khi ] Hardly… when [vừa mới rồi thì] Hardly ever [ít khi] Neither …nor [cũng không] Scarely … when… [vừa… rồi thì lại ] Only then/when [chỉ lúc đó] Only by [chỉ bằng cách ] Only after ingV clause − Nowhere [không nơi nào] So…that … [đến nỗi mà] In no circumtances [không trường hợp nào ] On no acount [không vì lí do gì] Model 27 : S+V (not) → S + V (not) either → Neither… nor He isn’t going to attend the meeting, I’m not either những trạng từ (đa số là phủ định ) đứng đầu câu đa số ta phải dùng dạng đảo ngữ → Neither he nor I am going to attend the meeting Model 28 : why don’t you + V …? → S + suggested + that (clause) (should + V) “why don’t you apply for the job,Ann ?” said Sue → Mary suggestsd that Tom should apply for the job Model 29 ; indirect speech a) Tom ask me, “what’s her name ?” → Tom ask me what her name was b) she said: “are you hungry,Tom ?” → she asked Tom if he was hungry c) Mary said to Tom “open the door, please” → Mary asked Tom to open the door d) he said to them : “Don’t be latr tomorrow “ → he told them not to be late tomorrow Model 30 : S + V (past) → V-ing (didn’t ) → not V-ing (had + pp) → having + pp Tom had failed twice, so he didn’t want to try again → Having failed twice, he didn't want to try again Model 31 : S + cannot + inf → S + prevent + O from + V-ing Because of the rough sea, the farry couldn’t sailed → The rough sea prevented the ferry from sailing Model 32 : adj → verb It isn’t necessary to finish the work today → You don’t need to finish the work today Model 33 : verb → noun He didn’t intend to stay here → He had no intention to stay here Model 34 : clause → gerund/phrase Let’s invite the Browns to the party on Sunday → He suggested inviting the Browns to the party on Sunday Model 35 : simple sentence → complex sentence Youth is the time for the formation of character → Youth is the time when character is formed Model 36 : it's time for S.b to do S.th = it's time … S.b did S.th . REVIEW OF STRUCTURE SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION Model 1 : Because /as/ since + clause → Because of/ due to/ owing to +