PRKTURC mCCHMICS pmccnTH ivffipoiium R J n n P O R D editor (jJJtMTPWS Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Wed Dec 23 18:06:20 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authorized FRACTURE MECHANICS: FIFTEENTH SYMPOSIUM Fifteenth National Symposium on Fracture Mechanics sponsored by ASTM Committee E-24 on Fracture Testing College Park, Md., 7-9 July 1982 ASTM SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION 833 R J Sanford, University of Maryland, editor ASTM Publication Code Number (PCN) 04-833000-30 1916 Race Street, Piiiladelphia, Pa 19103 Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Wed Dec 23 18:06:20 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authorized Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data National Symposium on Fracture Mechanics (15th : 1982 : College Park, Md.) Fracture mechanics (ASTM special technical publication ; 833) "ASTM publication code number (PCN 04-833000-30)." Includes bibliographies and index Fracture mechanics—Congresses I Sanford, R J II ASTM Committee E-24 on Fracture Testing III Title IV Series TA409.N38 1982 620.1'126 83-72816 ISBN 0-8031-0208-9 Copyright © by AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1984 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 83-72816 NOTE The Society is not responsible, as a body, for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication Printed in Baltimore, Md, (b) September 1984 Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Wed Dec 23 18:06:20 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authorized Dr George R Irwin Dedication The dedication of this publication in honor of Dr George R Irwin on his 75th birthday recognizes his development of the basic theory of linear elastic fracture mechanics and its application in solving critical problems of national importance In particular, we honor Dr Irwin's continued counsel and guidance to ASTM Committee E-24 on Fracture Testing We wish Dr Irwin many years of good health and happiness Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Wed Dec 23 18:06:20 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authorized Foreword The 15th National Symposium on Fracture Mechanics was held at the University of Maryland, College Park, on 7-9 July 1982 ASTM Committee E-24 on Fracture Testing was sponsor R J Sanford, University of Maryland, served as symposium chairman and has edited this publication Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Wed Dec 23 18:06:20 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authorized Related ASTM Publications Environment-Sensitive Fracture: Evaluation and Comparison of Test Methods, STP 821 (1984), 04-821000-30 Fracture Mechanics: Fourteenth Symposium—Volume I: Theory and Analysis, STP 791 (1983), 04-791001-30 Fracture Mechanics: Fourteenth Symposium—Volume II: Testing and Applications, STP 791 (1983), 04-791002-30 Fractography of Ceramic and Metal Failures, STP 827 (1984), 04-827000-30 Elastic-Plastic Fracture: Second Symposium, Volume I—Inelastic Crack Analysis, STP 803 (1983), 04-803001-30 Elastic-Plastic Fracture: Second Symposium, Volume II: Fracture Resistance Curves and Engineering Applications, STP 803 (1983), 04-803002-30 Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics and Fatigue Methods: Applications for Structural Design and Maintenance, STP 798 (1983), 04-798000-30 Fracture Mechanics (Thirteenth Conference), STP 743 (1981), 04-743000-30 Fractography and Materials Science, STP 733 (1981), 04-733000-30 Elastic-Plastic Fracture, STP 688 (1979), 04-688000-30 Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Wed Dec 23 18:06:20 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authorized A Note of Appreciation to Reviewers The quality of the papers that appear in this publication reflects not only the obvious efforts of the authors but also the unheralded, though essential, work of the reviewers On behalf of ASTM we acknowledge with appreciation their dedication to high professional standards and their sacrifice of time and effort ASTM Committee on Publications Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Wed Dec 23 18:06:20 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authorized ASTM Editorial Staff Janet R Schroeder Kathleen A Greene Rosemary Horstman Helen M Hoersch Helen P Mahy Allan S Kleinberg Susan L Gebremedhin Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Wed Dec 23 18:06:20 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authorized Contents Introduction to the Geoi^e R Irwin Anniversary Volume LINEAR ELASTIC FRACTURE MECHANICS Transition of Part-Through Craclis at Holes into Through-the-Thickness F l a w s — A F GRANDT, JR., J A BARTER, AND B I HEATH Part-Through Flaw Stress Intensity Factors Developed by a Slice Synthesis Technique—c R SAFE AND K B SANGER 24 Analysis and Growth of Cracks in Skins with Variable Thickness— M M R A T W A N I A N D H P KAN 44 Mode I Stress Intensity Factors for Point-Loaded Cylindrical Test Specimens with One or Two Radial Cracks— A p PARKER AND C p ANDRASIC 57 Stress and Fracture Analysis of Tapered Attachment Lugs— K KATHIRESAN, T M HSU, AND J L RUDD 72 An Elastic-Plastic Finite Element Analysis of Crack Initiation, Stable Crack Growth, and Instability—j c NEWMAN, JR 93 Stress Intensity Distributions and Width Correction Factors for Natural Cracks Approaching "Benchmark" Crack Depths—c w SMITH AND G C KIRBY 118 Dynamic Crack Branching—A Photoelastic Evaluation—M RAMULU, A S KOBAYASHI, AND B S.-J KANG 130 Recent Advances in Crack-Arrest Technology—A R ROSENFIELD, p N MINCER, C Vf MARSCHALL, AND A J MARKWORTH 149 A Failure Assessment Approach for Handling Combined Thermomechanical Loading—j M BLOOM AND S N MALIK 165 FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH Fatigue Life of Welded Stiffeners with Known Initial Cracks—A SAHLI AND P ALBRECHT Copyright Downloaded/printed University 193 by by of Development of a Fatigue Crack Propagation Model of Incoloy 901— B J SCHWARTZ, N G ENGSBERG, AND D A WILSON 218 Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior of 7XXX Aluminum Alloys under Simple Variable Amplitude Loading—p E BRETZ, A K VASUDEVAN, R J BUCCI, AND R C MALCOLM 242 Effects of Specimen Configuration and Frequency on Fatigue Crack Propagation in Nylon 66—R W LANG, M T HAHN, R W HERTZBERG, AND J A MANSON 266 Fatigue Life Estimation of Notched Members—D F SOCIE, N E D O W L I N G , AND P KURATH 284 Effects of Constraint Variation on the Fatigue Growth of Surface Flaws—M JOLLES AND V TORTORIELLO 300 MATERIAL INFLUENCES ON FRACTURE Temperature Dependence of Fracture Toughness of Large Steam Turbine Forgings Produced by Advanced Steel Melting Processes—V p SWAMINATHAN AND J D LANDES 315 Fracture Toughness of Stainless Steel Weldments at Elevated Temperatures—s i GARWOOD 333 Application of High-Temperature Fracture Mechanics to the Prediction of Creep Crack Growth for a 7-7' Nickel-Base Superalloy—i s HUANG AND R M PELLOUX 360 Effect of Section Size on Transition Temperature Behavior of Structural Steels—i D LANDES AND D E MCCABE 378 Microstructural Aspects of the Fracture Toughness CleavageFibrous Transition for Reactor-Grade Steel—K OGAWA, X J ZHANG, T KOBAYASHI, R W ARMSTRONG, AND G R I R W I N 393 Influence of Inclusions on the Fracture Properties of A588A Steel— A D WriLSON 412 Load History Effects on the Fracture Toughness of a Modified 4340 Steel—I D LANDES AND T R LEAX Copyright Downloaded/printed University by 436 ASTM by of Washington 742 FRACTURE MECHANICS: FIFTEENTH SYMPOSIUM (73.0 ksi) The reason for a lower Ax value is that a lower elastic displacement results from the lower load-carrying capacity at a lower assumed OQ Clearly, the limit-load approach to predict tearing instability should be made with caution In particular, experimental data are needed to guide the choice ofCTQ• This choice may depend on which of the quantities, J, Aa, or Ax, is to be best approximated Zahoor and Kanninen [5] developed an approach which includes the material hardening effects.^ In the prediction of instability for Experiment 3T, however, they had to neglect the term (5P,/3Acp)e in Eq 41 Instead, they calculated {dj/da)^j via Eq 44 by inserting the experimental values of the total load for PQ as a function of the amount of the stable crack growth inferred from the electric potential method The results are plotted as Curve in Fig I2d It is seen that/at the intersection of the applied/-(3//3a)^^ curve and the material curve is 2.626 MN/m (15 000 in.-lbf/in.^), whereas the maximum displacement of the system is reached a t / = 3.940 MN/m (22 500 in.-lbf/in.2) Note that Ax is calculated via Eqs 42 and 12 to 15 Tearing instability occurs at the maximum total displacement for a system under a monotonic increasing displacement condition The intersection of the applied J-(dJ/da) curve and the material curve determines the point of the maximum displacement Apparently, this is not the case for Curve 4; the maximum total displacement happens at a higher value of J, rather than at the J value of the intersection of the applied/-(cU/da) curve and the material curve Comparison of Curve and Curve shows that an overestimation of (dJ/da)^^ for Curve is due to the fact that (Cj + C„c)(dPt/dAf^)ff in Eq 41 is not negligible Therefore the prediction of tearing instability according to the method used in Ref can be incorrect for a hardening material like Type 304 stainless steel under compliant loading Table summarizes the comparison of the experimental data and the predictions of the various approaches considered here Concluding Remarks A/and idJ/da)^,^ estimation scheme for a circumferentially cracked pipe subjected to four-point bending, with material hardening effects included, was developed The tearing instability predictions compared well with experi^Note that theJ-(dJ/da) diagram in Ref i7 has a factor of error in J and an approximate factor of error in (dj/da)^^^ The reason is that, for Experiment 3T, the contribution of the first term on the right-hand side of Eq 41 is insignificant compared with the second term on the righthand side of Eq 41 In Ref 7 the term (C, -I- C„^) OP, /aA