Astm stp 1116 1991

STP 1116 Insulation Materials: Testing and Applications, 2nd Volume Ronald S Graves and Donald C Wysocki, editors ITI ASTM 1916 Race Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Sun Dec 27 14:34:04 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authorized PCN: 04-011160-61 ISSN: 10581170 ISBN: 0-8031-1420-6 Copyright AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS, Philadelphia, PA All rights reserved This material may not be reproduced or copied, in whole or in part, in any printed, mechanical, electronic film, or other distribution and storage media, without the written consent of the publisher Photocopy Rights Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific chents, isgranted by the A M E R I C A N SOCIETY F O R TESTING AND M A T E R I A L S for users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service, provided that the base fee of $2.50 per copy, plus $ p e r p a g e is paid directly to CCC, 27 Congress St., Salem, MA 01970; (508) 744-3350 For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is 0-8031-1420-6/91 $2.50 + 50 Peer Review Policy Each paper published in this volume was evaluated by three peer reviewers The authors addressed all of the reviewers' comments to the satisfaction of both the technical editor(s) and the ASTM Committee on Publications The quality of the papers in this publication reflect not only the obvious efforts of the authors and the technical editor(s), but also the work of these peer reviewers The ASTM Committee on Publications acknowledges with appreciation their dedication and contribution to time and effort on behalf of ASTM Printed in Chelsea, MI October 1991 Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Sun Dec 27 14:34:04 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authorized Foreword This publication, Insulation Materials: Testing and Applications, 2nd Volume, contains papers presented at the symposium of the same name, held in Gatlinburg, TN on 10-12 Oct 1991 The symposium was sponsored by ASTM Committee C-16 on Thermal Insulation Ronald S Graves of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN and Donald C Wysocki of the Mobay Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA, presided as symposium co-chairmen and are editors of the resulting publication Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Sun Dec 27 14:34:04 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authorize Contents Overview R s GRAVES AND D C WYSOCKI REFLECTIVES/RADIANT BARRIERS/RADIATION CONTROL COATINGS Preliminary Assessment of Radiation Control Coatings for Buildings-R W ANDERSON, D W YARBROUGH, R S GRAVES, AND R L WENDT Prediction of the Thermal Performance of Single and Multi-Airspace Reflective Insulation Materials A o DI~SJARLAIS AND D W YARBROUGH 24 A Stratified Air Model for Simulation of Attic Thermal Performance-D S PARKER, P W FAIREY, AND L GU 44 ECONOMICS AND ENERGY [MPACT The Use of Economic Analysis in Developing an Energy Standard: Lessons Learned M F McBRIDE 73 Energy Code Measures to Assure the Effectiveness of Thermal Insulation Installed in Buildings B D NELSON 92 A S u ~ e y of Loose-Fill Insulations Installed in Residential Attics R A PENNEY AND D W YARBROUGH ZIP 2.0: The Enhanced Zip-Code Insulation P r o g r a m - - s R PETERSEN 100 109 LONG-TERM THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF FOAMS Evaluation of Long-Term Thermal Performance of Cellular Plastics Revisited-M, T BOMBERGAND M K KUMARAN 123 Thermal Measurement of In-Situ and Thin-Specimen Aging of Experimental Polyisocyanurate Roof Insulation Foamed with Alternative Blowing Agents-J E CHRISTIAN, G E COURVILLE, R S GRAVES, R L LINKOUS, D L MCELROY, F J WEAVER, AND D W YARBROUGH Fundamental Aspects of Thermal Conductivity Aging and Dimensional Stability of Rigid Polyurethane Foams G F SMITS AND J A THOEN 142 t67 Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Sun Dec 27 14:34:04 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions auth ASSESSMENTS AND PROPERTIES OF FOAMS Some Factors Affecting the Long-Term Thermal Insulating Performance of Extruded Polystyrene Foams J R BOOTH 197 Thermal Performance of HCFC-22 Blown Extruded Polystyrene I n s u | a t i o n - D W YARBROUGH, R S GRAVES, AND J E CHRISTIAN 214 CFC Blowing Agents Substitutes-A Status Report L M ZWOLINSKI, G M KNOPECK, AND I R SHANKLAND 229 A Review of Techniques for Improved Foam Conductivity: Reducing Radiation Heat Transfer, Limiting Aging and Inclusion of Vacuum Elements-L R GLICKSMAN~ M BURKE, A MARGE, AND M MOZGOWIEC 237 CONVECTION IN FIBROUS INSULATION The Effect of Natural Convective Air Flows in Residential Attics on Ceiling Insulating M a t e r i a l s - - w B ROSE AND D J MCCAA 263 Thermal Performance of One Loose-Fill Fiberglass Attic Insulation K E WILKES, R L WENDT, A DELMAS, AND P W CHILDS 275 Forced Convection Effects in Fibrous Thermal Insulation A SILBERSTEIN, E ARQUIS, AND D J MCCAA 292 TESTS AND MODELS Experimental Test Results of Interior vs Exterior Insulation in Extremely Hot Ciimates I AL-MOFEEZ AND P K WOODS 313 Hot Box Instrumentation, Calibration, and Error Estimation A S u r v e y - R G MILLER AND W V GOSS 326 Comparison of Heat Transfer Modeling with Experimental Results for Residential Attic Insulations R GORTHALA, J A ROUX, W P LEVINS, AND K E WILKES 355 Combined Conduction, Radiation Heat Transfer and Mass Transfer in Fibrous Attic Insulations R GORTHALA, J A ROUX, AND P W FAIRLY, III 371 PERFORMANCE FACTORS I Moisture Diffusion in Thermal Insulating Materiais v FREITAS, P CRAUSSE, AND V ABRANTES 389 Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Sun Dec 27 14:34:04 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authorized The Effect of Exterior Insulating Sheathing on Wall Moisture G A TSONGAS 401 Thermal Conductivity of Several Concretes as a Function of M o i s t u r e - T A S H W O R T H A N D E A S H W O R T H 415 Thermal Insulation Under F i r e - - N SCHULTZ 430 INNOVATIVE INSULATIONS Gas-Filled Panel High-Performance Thermal Insulation B T GRIFFITH, D A R A S T E H , A N D S S E L K O W I T Z 441 A e r o g e l n A High Performance Insulating Material at 0.1 B a r - - A J HUNT, C A J A N T Z E N , A N D W CAO 455 Reduction of High-Temperature Thermal Conductivity of Thin-Wall Ceramic Spheres A T C H A P M A N , J K C O C H R A N , T R F O R D , S D F U R L O N G , A N D 464 D L M c E L R O Y TEST METHODS AND COMPARISONS Automated Low-Temperature Guarded Hot Plate for Measuring Apparent Conductivity D R SMITH, W P DUBI~, AND B J~ FILLA " 479 Intra-Laboratory Comparison of a Line-Heat-Source Guarded Hot Plate and Heat-Flow-Meter A p p a r a t u s - - R R ZARR 502 A Round-Robin Comparison of Australasian Thermal Laboratories-H A T R E T H O W E N A N D A O D E S J A R L A I S 520 Interlaboratory Comparison of the Apparent Thermal Conductivity of a Fibrous Batt and Four Loose-Fill Insulations D J MCCAAAND D R SMITH ET AL 534 A S T M / D O E Hot Box R o u n d R o b i n - - E BALES 558 Thermal Properties of Selected Materials From Steady-State and Transient T e s t s - R S G R A V E S , D W Y A R B R O U G H , D L M c E L R O Y , A N D H A F I N E 572 PERFORMANCE FACTORS II Underground Cellular Glass Pipe Insulation Failures in Quebec and Louisiana-W A L O T Z Effects of Aeration on Corrosiveness of Wet Residential Building Thermal Insulation on Low Carbon Steel E E STANSBURY 595 603 Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Sun Dec 27 14:34:04 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authorized Tensile Testing of EIFS L a m i n a s - - s N FLANDERS, R G LAMPO, AND A G DAVIES, JR 619 Field Performance, Hydrolysis and Durability of Urea Formaldehyde Foam Insulation in Australian Dwellings s g BROWN 633 Author Index 649 Subject Index 651 Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Sun Dec 27 14:34:04 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authorized STP1116-EB/Oct 1991 Overview ASTM Committee C-16 on Thermal Inslalation enters its second halfcentury with the 1991 Symposium on Insulation Materials: Testing and Applications STP 1116 contains the proceedings of the Symposium that brought together the latest information on thermal insulations, test methods applicable to thermal insulations, and applications In keeping with its scope, ASTM Committee C-16 has held many programs to present the latest information on insulation materials and their test methods A tangible result of these programs has been the publication of over a dozen ASTM Special Technical Publications covering the technology of thermal insulation This STP reflects the interest in this decade of conserving energy and protecting the environment The Symposium and the resulting STP clearly demonstrate the Committee's objective of providing timely information on the testing, characterization, use, and development of thermal insulations In the 1970s and 1980s, interest and activity in thermal insulation was spurred by the growing recognition of the need for energy conservation The value of thermal insulation in combating the impact of rising energy costs and in sustaining economic growth was widely recognized While these economic factors are still important, society's attention today is shifting toward the effects which the production and consumption of energy have on our environment The role of thermal insulation in mitigating these effects until new, more environmentally sound energy technologies are developed becomes even more important International agreements to phase-out the use of CFCs has impacted the field of thermal insulations This impact is demonstrated by a significant fraction of the Symposium and the STP devoted to the long-term performance for cellular plastics and foamboard insulations Fundamental questions about aging, stability, testing, and overall acceptability of a new generation of insulating foams are addressed Increasing interest in high-R innovative insulations is demonstrated in this STP by reports of research on evacuated panel insulations, non-CFC high performance insulations; aerogels, and thinwall ceramic spheres As the need for energy conservation increases, so does the need for environmentally sound insulation materials, the need for better understanding of the factors which affect insulation performance, and the need for better test methodology Research in the area of thermal insulations and the testing of products has matured Heat transfer mechanisms are being given more attention than in the past, and the effects of moisture and positioning of insulation in the building envelope are being studied A wide range of factors that affect performance were presented and discussed at the 1991 Symposium and presented in this STP An understanding of mechanisms and performance factors is crucial to the design and use of thermal insulations to obtain optimum Copyright~1991 by ASTM International www.astm.org Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Sun Dec 27 14:34:04 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authorized INSULATION MATERIALS: TESTING AND APPLICATIONS results Control of thermal radiation and a quantitative evaluation of convective effects in relatively low-density insulations are examples of the detailed research that was presented The manufacture, testing, and use of insulations in the building industry has high priority with C 16 and received significant attention at the Symposium Economic evaluations and regulation activities are becoming more sophisticated Inspections of materials in actual use configurations continues to be an important issue The 1991 Symposium was international in scope with participation from seven nations including the United States The papers presented represented input from the industrial sector, the National Laboratories in the United States, Canada, and Australia, and Universities in the United States, the Netherlands, and Portugal The STP will be useful to a wide range of professionals dealing with thermal insulations by presenting research on currently used materials and thermal insulations under development The significance of the STP is directly related to the efforts of the contributing authors, the technical reviewers, and session chairpersons Session chairpersons and reviewers are identified on the following page and appreciation is expressed here The editors also wish to acknowledge the contributions of the Steering Committee: R L Baumgardner, W M Edmunds, and D L McElroy Ronald S Graves Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831 Symposium Co-Chairman and Editor Donald C Wysocki Mobay Corporation Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15205 Symposium Co-Chairman and Editor Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Sun Dec 27 14:34:04 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authorize INSULATION MATERIALS: TESTING AND APPLICATIONS 640 Table - - Physical and chemical properties of dry set foams Product number Dry densit)~ a (kg/m ~) Acid value a Compressive strength a, S 10 (kPa) Formaldehyde offgassing b (mg/g) 13.5_-_t-0.2 12.8_+0.8 12.9_+0.7 12.8+1.0 9.0-L-_3.0 9.9&-_1.6 9.9-! 0.6 7.2+0.9 7.2-+0.3 0.56_+0.09 2.2+0.9 0.08+0.02 0.16+0.06 4.5+4.0 2.9"L-_3.1 0.36+0.15 2.3+2.2 ~2.3 29.9_+0.6 15.8+1.7 20.0-!-0.5 23.3+ 2.9 3.3_+0.8 5.4+0.2 6.4+1.0 - 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.9 2.9 2.1 2.2 1.6 - a Averaged from measurements b Averaged from 2-3 measurements i i S y m b o l Product 50 + x o o o~ Z o F- 30 a o u~ c~