cognition and memory - f. klix, j. hoffmann (north - holland, 1980)

[...]... is 1 - e-", while the probability of event (ii) is c A x ( 1 - e-A("-X))Z,we have therefore p0(x) = 1 - c A+ e - A x ( l - e-""-x' 12 X To choose x which minimizes Po(x), we may differentiate with respect to x, obtaining P&X) = Ae-Ax - Ae-AX(l - e - L ( l - x ) 12 ; e-""-X' I 2e- Ax(1 - e-"l-X') + Denoting z = e - A ( " - X )we , get Ph(x) = A c r l X ( 1 - (1 - z)' + 2z(1 - z ) ) = 1e-" z(4 - 32)... (1 - e - A ( 1 - y ) ) 2 (ii, 3 ) both copies are present at time t: this has probability e-zA(y-x) Out of the three copies present at time immediately following y, all must be lost by time 1 This occurs with probability (1 - e-A(1-y))3 Combining these probabilities together, we obtain po(x,y ) = 1 - e-*x + e-"[(l - e - l ( y - X ) ) 2 + 2e-I(Y-X) (1 - e-l(Y-x) ) ( I - e - A ( l - Y ) 12 + e-zA(Y-x)... probabilities 1 - Po (x,,,, , y,,,) for selected values A Maximum of 1 0.2 0.5 1 o 1.5 2.0 5.0 10.0 0,0830 0.1680 0,2546 0.3082 0.3440 0.4305 0.4651 time t* = 1 Denoting for simplicity p and proceeding as before we get = e-", - Po 0.9942 0.9430 0.7760 0.5617 0.3870 0.0253 0.0018 q = ecrltY-'),r = e-a(z-y )and s = e-'( "-= ), - p + p{(l - qI2 + 2q(l - q ) [(l - r)' + 2r(l Po(& y , 4 = 1 - r ) (1 - s ) ~ + r'(1 - s... intermediate-term, and long-term memory ( 2 ) Sensory and motor bufer systems link this memory organization to its internal and external environments (3) The human brain is a dual processor of parallel image processing and sequential symbol processing (4) Physiological correlates of both image processing and symbol processing consist of short-term neuroelectrical as well as of intermediate-term and long-term... content addressability for rapid recognition, and associative storage and recall (see PRIBRAM, NUWERand BARON, 1974 for details) The functional structure in which digital and sequential symbol processing of the human consciousness takes place is short-term memory (STM) on the one hand, and intermediate-term memory (ITM) on the other hand ITM, as described in HUNT’S Distributed Memory model, seems to be that... retain the content at time t , and r + 1 - s lose it The probability of retaining the information at time t is, by Assumption 2, the same for all units, and equal + = e-A(z-rk)* (2) By Assumption 3 of independence, the probabilities p,(t - t k ) are given by the binomial formula r+l - [k) = psqr+l-s, s = 0, 1, , r + 1, (3) ( ) with p given by ( 2 ) and q = 1 - p Combining (1) and (3) we obtain the transition... 3- A-B-C E- Fig 9: Semantic and structural characteristics of sub-super-concept relations 18 give examples which also illustrate the principle of analogy formation The consequence from our hypothesis is obvious: if the super-sub concept relation is stationary hierarchy level and sub/sup concept comparisons 1 Fig 10: Plan for experiment to test effort required for analogy recognition in case of sub-superconcept... Analyse kognitiver Prozesse, Berlin 1976 Analogical Reasoning - an Approach to Cognitive Microprocesses KLIX ,F., and E VAN DER MEER: as well as to Intelligence Performance Z Psychol 186, 1, 3 9-4 7, 1978a 24 KLIX, and E VAN DER MEER:Analogical Reasoning - an Approach to Mechanisms Underlying F., Human Intelligence Performances Z Psychol 186,2,17 0-1 88, 1978 b KUKLA,F : Bedingungen fiir die Ausbildung und... occurs with probability 1 - cAX, (ii) the original is not lost by the time x (probability cLx) a t the time y of the Then second IRCL we have 0, 1 or 2 copies present Consequently, this case splits into: (ii, 1) both copies are lost by time y ; probability of this event is (1 - e-A(y-x))2, (ii, 2) one copy is lost and one is present at y Probability of this is 2e-A(y-x) * (1 - e-a(Y-x)) To have the total... which the metamemory assigns for storage and copying of one item of information 3 Formal assumptions of the model According to what was stated above, the memory constitutes a system consisting of metamemory M and memory compartments C, C , , In turn, each , C,is a system of the form C = ( % I , ui2, I > 26 where u i j is the function describing the changes of state of thej-th unit of i-th memory compartment . KLIX J. HOFFMANN 10 On Structure and Function of Semantic Memory F. KLIX 1. Memory within information circulation Memory, according to a thesis held for decades unchallenged -memory. 88 J. HOFFMANN and M. TRETTIN Organizational Effects of Semantic Relations J. BOBRYK and I. KURCZ Memory of Verbal Messages and the Abstract Versus Concrete Organization of the. attempted to test and verify the hypothesis that there are two funda- mentally different types of information storage in human memory: one figurative- iconic, and one discrete, logico-conceptual.