MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY FOR HIGH QUALITY TRAINING CAPSTONE PROJECT FOOD TECHNOLOGY INFLUENCE OF DRYING METHODS ON THE CONTENT OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF CURCULIGO ORCHIOIDES LECTURER: PhD HOANG VAN CHUYEN STUDENT: PHAM TRUONG TIEU LAM SKL 0 4 Ho Chi Minh City, December, 2021 n HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY FOR HIGH QUALITY TRAINING GRADUATION PROJECT CODE: 2021-17116015 INFLUENCE OF DRYING METHODS ON THE CONTENT OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF CURCULIGO ORCHIOIDES Major: FOOD TECHNOLOGY Advisor: HOANG VAN CHUYEN, PhD PHAM TRUONG TIEU LAM Student ID: 17116015 Ho Chi Minh City, December 2021 n GRADUATION PROJECT ASSIGNMENT i n DISCLAIMER ii n ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I sincerely thank the supervisor Hoang Van Chuyen who has taught me during the process of studying He guided me enthusiastically during my study, he also trained me for theorical knowledge and laboraty skills He was also carefully told us when receiving samples and how to prepare it; moreover, he supported us with the experimental supplies and materials to help us complete the thesis better Besides, I would like to thank Ms Tran Thi Thu Trang, who supported me in terms of the facilities system and regulations in the laboratories Moreover, I would like to express my sincerest thanks to the lecturers, who have trained me step by step not only in specialized knowledge but also self-study skills during my time at the university Finally, I would like to express my deep gratitude to my family, who have always encouraged me from the time I worked on the research project until the time I finished the experiments iii n ADVISOR’S EVALUATION SHEET iv n v n PRE-DENFENSE EVALUATION SHEET vi n EVALUATION SHEET OF DEFENSE COMMITTEE MEMBER vii n viii n Results of Gallic acid Equivalence coefficients to evaluate total Polyphenol content of sample extract (slice 2mm and slice 5mm) with three replications Slice 2mm Sample Fresh CD60 CD80 CD100 VD40 VD50 VD60 IRD HPD SD 8.893 10.11 7.44 8.44 6.869 10.99 8.131 36.8 23.04 13.11 mg GAE /g dry weigh 8.274 10.3 6.988 8.56 7.774 10.8 7.94 37.35 25.82 13.73 8.583 10.18 7.202 8.321 7.298 10.61 7.988 36.92 23.87 13.77 8.893 14.61 7.56 7.94 8.131 14.06 10.51 42.68 26.77 14.11 mg GAE /g dry weigh 8.274 14.92 9.226 9.298 8.583 15.92 10.54 43.39 26.56 14.65 8.583 14.73 8.369 8.583 8.321 14.63 10.51 42.96 26.44 14.37 Slice 5mm Sample Fresh CD60 CD80 CD100 VD40 VD50 VD60 IRD HPD SD Tables of differences in TPC quantification of the fresh sample and the dried samples (slice 2mm and slice 5mm) Slice 2mm Total_PC_2mm Drying_method N Subset for alpha = 0.05 Duncana CD80_2mm 7.21000 VD40_2mm 7.31367 60 n VD60_2mm 8.01967 8.01967 CD100_2mm 8.44033 Fresh 8.58333 CD60_2mm 10.19667 VD50_2mm 10.80000 SD_2mm HPD_2mm IRD_2mm 13.53667 24.24333 37.02333 Sig .084 221 169 1.000 1.000 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 3.000 Slice 5mm Total_PC_5mm Drying_method N Subset for alpha = 0.05 Duncana VD40_5mm 8.34500 CD80_5mm 8.38500 Fresh 8.58333 CD100_5mm 8.60700 VD60_5mm SD_5mm 14.37667 CD60_5mm 14.75333 VD50_5mm 14.87000 HPD_5mm IRD_5mm 10.52000 26.59000 43.01000 Sig .561 1.000 263 1.000 1.000 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 3.000 Results of absorption of Trolox to construct the standard curve in DPPH freeradical scavenging with three replications Concentration (μM) 800 0.206 0.212 0.215 400 0.66 0.609 0.601 200 0.789 0.799 0.792 61 n 100 0.858 0.868 0.861 50 0.899 0.903 0.896 1.000 Effect of absorption of DPPH free-radical scavenging of fresh samples and dried slices (slice 2mm and slice 5mm) with three replications Slice 2mm Sample Fresh CD60 CD80 CD100 VD40 VD50 VD60 IRD HPD SD Absorbance Control 1.103 1.186 1.156 1.177 1.109 1.068 1.059 1.122 1.084 1.127 0.058 0.904 0.905 1.117 0.888 0.828 0.892 0.534 0.822 0.737 0.054 0.896 0.909 0.996 0.921 0.774 0.853 0.513 0.826 0.771 0.055 0.908 0.912 1.103 0.892 0.792 0.871 0.522 0.828 0.754 Slice 5mm Sample Fresh CD60 CD80 CD100 VD40 VD50 VD60 IRD HPD SD Absorbance Control 1.103 1.19 1.092 1.182 1.109 1.083 1.137 1.122 1.084 1.127 0.058 0.845 0.895 0.998 0.87 0.723 0.802 0.546 0.802 0.744 0.054 0.841 0.86 1.009 0.857 0.703 0.819 0.46 0.832 0.731 0.055 0.834 0.89 1.004 0.874 0.731 0.753 0.498 0.817 0.754 Results of Trolox equivalent coefficient of DPPH free-radical scavenging of fresh samples and dried slices with three replications Slice 2mm Sample Fresh CD60 CD80 CD100 VD40 301.8 19.8 19.47 1.133 25.13 μM TE/g dry weight 303.1 22.47 18.13 0.133 14.13 62 n 302.8 18.47 17.13 2.467 23.8 VD50 VD60 IRD HPD SD 45.13 23.8 143.1 47.13 75.47 63.13 36.8 150.1 45.8 64.13 57.13 30.8 147.1 45.13 69.8 301.8 39.47 22.8 5.133 31.13 80.13 53.8 139.1 53.8 73.13 μM TE/g dry weight 303.1 40.8 34.47 1.467 35.47 86.8 48.13 167.8 43.8 77.47 302.8 43.13 24.47 3.133 29.8 77.47 70.13 155.1 48.8 69.8 Slice 5mm Sample Fresh CD60 CD80 CD100 VD40 VD50 VD60 IRD HPD SD 63 n Tables of differences in DPPH free-radical scavenging of the fresh sample and the dried samples (slice 2mm and slice 5mm) DPPH_2mm Drying_method N Subset for alpha = 0.05 Duncana CD100_2mm CD80_2mm 18.24444 CD60_2mm 20.24444 VD40_2mm 21.02222 VD60_2mm HPD_2mm VD50_2mm SD_2mm IRD_2mm Fresh Sig 1.24444 30.46667 46.02222 55.13333 69.80000 146.80000 302.57778 1.000 497 1.000 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 3.000 64 n 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 DPPH_5mm Drying_method N Subset for alpha = 0.05 Duncana CD100_5mm CD80_5mm 27.24444 VD40_5mm 32.13333 CD60_5mm HPD_5mm VD60_5mm SD_5mm 73.46667 VD50_5mm 81.46667 IRD_5mm Fresh Sig 3.24444 32.13333 41.13333 41.13333 48.80000 48.80000 57.35556 154.02222 302.57778 1.000 386 118 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 3.000 65 n 179 136 162 1.000 1.000 Results of absorption of Trolox to draw the standard curve in ABTS free-radical scavenging with three replications Concentration (μM) 400 0.737 0.739 0.738 200 0.856 0.852 0.855 100 0.896 0.892 0.889 50 0.92 0.917 0.915 25 0.958 0.959 0.958 Results of absorption of ABTS free-radical scavenging of fresh samples and dried slices (slice 2mm and slice 5mm) with three replications Slice 2mm Sample Fresh CD60 CD80 CD100 VD40 VD50 VD60 IRD HPD SD Slice 5mm Absorbance Ctrl 1.108 1.087 1.119 1.13 1.169 1.086 1.126 1.106 1.098 1.114 0.666 0.54 0.682 0.741 0.613 0.754 0.425 0.101 0.328 0.458 0.696 0.63 0.683 0.737 0.639 0.745 0.465 0.13 0.352 0.488 0.683 0.605 0.683 0.791 0.642 0.78 0.447 0.116 0.339 0.476 Ctrl 1.108 1.155 1.18 1.119 1.169 1.078 1.088 1.106 1.098 1.114 Absorbance 0.666 0.696 0.498 0.512 0.626 0.621 0.634 0.678 0.58 0.584 0.528 0.375 0.408 0.386 0.04 0.043 0.236 0.221 0.23 0.247 0.683 1.155 0.611 0.656 0.578 0.488 0.407 0.043 0.229 0.239 Sample Fresh CD60 CD80 CD100 VD40 VD50 VD60 IRD HPD SD Results of Trolox equivalent coefficient of ABTS free-radical scavenging of fresh samples and dried slices (slice 2mm and slice 5mm) with three replications 66 n Slice 2mm 174.4 250 164.8 129.4 206.2 121.6 319 513.4 377.2 299.2 μM TE/g dry weight 156.4 196 164.2 131.8 190.6 127 295 496 362.8 281.2 164.2 211 164.2 99.36 188.8 106 305.8 504.4 370.6 288.4 174.4 275.2 198.4 193.6 226 257.2 329.2 550 432.4 436 μM TE/g dry weight 156.4 266.8 201.4 167.2 223.6 349 342.4 548.2 441.4 425.8 164.2 300.4 207.4 180.4 227.2 281.2 329.8 548.2 436.6 430.6 Sample Fresh CD60 CD80 CD100 VD40 VD50 VD60 IRD HPD SD Slice 5mm Sample Fresh CD60 CD80 CD100 VD40 VD50 VD60 IRD HPD SD 67 n Tables of differences in ABTS free-radical scavenging of the fresh sample and the dried samples (slice 2mm and slice 5mm) ABTS_2mm Drying_method N Subset for alpha = 0.05 Duncana VD50_2mm 118.16000 CD100_2mm 120.16000 CD80_2mm 164.36000 Fresh 164.96000 VD40_2mm CD60_2mm SD_2mm 289.56000 VD60_2mm 306.56000 HPD_2mm IRD_2mm Sig 195.16000 218.96000 370.16000 504.56000 855 956 1.000 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 3.000 68 n 1.000 131 1.000 1.000 ABTS_5mm Drying_method N Subset for alpha = 0.05 Duncana Fresh 164.96000 CD100_5mm 180.36000 CD80_5mm VD40_5mm CD60_5mm 280.76000 VD50_5mm 295.76000 VD60_5mm SD_5mm 430.76000 HPD_5mm 436.76000 IRD_5mm Sig 180.36000 202.36000 202.36000 225.56000 333.76000 548.76000 286 133 114 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 3.000 69 n 298 1.000 674 1.000 Results of absorption of Trolox to build the standard curve in the FRAP experiment with three replications Concentration (μM) 800 1.857 400 1.081 200 0.625 100 0.457 50 0.273 25 0.243 1.883 1.07 0.516 0.35 0.249 0.215 1.683 0.924 0.573 0.333 0.239 0.23 Results of absorption of FRAP experiment of fresh samples and dried slices (slice 2mm and slice 5mm) with three replications Slice 2mm Sample Fresh CD60 CD80 CD100 VD40 VD50 VD60 IRD HPD SD Slice 5mm Absorbance Ctrl 0.124 0.15 0.254 0.22 0.096 0.154 0.26 0.135 0.138 0.203 0.628 0.402 0.435 0.332 0.246 0.408 0.461 0.915 0.55 0.285 0.58 0.371 0.373 0.363 0.234 0.397 0.367 1.073 0.46 0.285 0.604 0.386 0.402 0.344 0.24 0.401 0.411 0.98 0.483 0.284 Ctrl 0.124 0.15 0.232 0.221 0.096 0.154 0.15 0.134 0.141 0.203 Absorbance 0.628 0.58 0.835 0.761 0.408 0.478 0.334 0.362 0.305 0.292 0.399 0.411 0.721 0.75 1.179 0.918 0.532 0.466 0.442 0.475 0.604 0.794 0.443 0.359 0.297 0.403 0.734 1.041 0.501 0.457 Sample Fresh CD60 CD80 CD100 VD40 VD50 VD60 IRD HPD SD 70 n Results of Trolox equivalent of the FRAP mesurement of fresh samples and dried slices (slice 2mm and slice 5mm) with three replications Slice 2mm 65.44 33.16 37.87 23.16 10.87 34.01 41.59 106.4 54.3 16.44 μM TE/g dry weight 58.59 28.73 29.01 27.59 9.157 32.44 28.16 129 41.44 16.44 62.01 30.87 33.16 24.87 10.01 33.01 34.44 115.7 44.73 16.3 65.44 95.01 34.01 23.44 19.3 32.73 78.73 144.2 51.73 38.87 μM TE/g dry weight 58.59 84.44 44.01 27.44 17.44 34.44 82.87 106.9 42.3 43.59 62.01 89.16 39.01 27.01 18.16 33.3 80.59 124.4 47.3 41.01 Sample Fresh CD60 CD80 CD100 VD40 VD50 VD60 IRD HPD SD Slice 5mm Sample Fresh CD60 CD80 CD100 VD40 VD50 VD60 IRD HPD SD 71 n Tables of differences in FRAP analysis of the fresh sample and the dried samples (slice 2mm and slice 5mm) FRAP_2mm Drying_method N Subset for alpha = 0.05 Duncana VD40_2mm 10.0143 SD_2mm 16.3952 CD100_2mm 25.2048 CD60_2mm 30.9190 VD50_2mm 33.1571 CD80_2mm 33.3476 VD60_2mm 34.7286 HPD_2mm Fresh IRD_2mm Sig 46.8238 62.0143 117.0619 142 052 1.000 1.000 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 3.000 72 n 1.000 FRAP_5mm Drying_method N Subset for alpha = 0.05 Duncana VD40_5mm 18.30000 CD100_5mm 25.96667 VD50_5mm CD80_5mm 39.01429 39.01429 SD_5mm 41.15714 41.15714 HPD_5mm Fresh VD60_5mm 80.72857 CD60_5mm 89.53810 IRD_5mm Sig 25.96667 33.49048 33.49048 47.10952 62.01429 125.15714 178 185 201 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 3.000 73 n 177 1.000 124 1.000 S n K L 0