READING COMPREHENTION NUMBER 1 Most (1) the addicts are men They come home (2) work, eat their meal quickly and then spend the evening (3) their computers Some of them make programs, (4) most of them[.]
READING COMPREHENTION NUMBER Most (1) the addicts are men They come home (2) work, eat their meal quickly and then spend the evening (3) their computers Some of them make programs, (4) most of them just play games Some wives say the computer is killing their marriage Their husbands play until three(5) four o'clock (6) the morning and all weekend People call these lonely wives "computer widows" When television became popular (7) the 1950s, doctors said it caused "television neck", "TV eyes" and other new illnesses Now it is the home computer People say it causes headaches, backaches and makes their eyes tired But worst (8) all, it is addictive That means it is (9) drinking, smoking or taking drugs Some people can't stop (10) it Your answers: NUMBER The relationship (1) students and teachers is less formal in the USA(2) in many other countries American students not stand up when their teachers enter the room Students are encouraged to ask questions during class, to stop in the teacher’s office for extra help, and to phone if they (3) absent Most teachers allow students to enter class late or leave (4) if necessary Despite the lack of formality, students are still expected to (5) polite to their teachers and fellow classmates When students want to ask questions, they usually raise a hand and wait to be called(6) _ When a test is being given, talking to a classmate is not only rude(7) also risky Most American teachers consider that students (8) _ are talking to each other during a test are cheating NUMBER In Britain, the issue of whether or (1) children should be made to wear school uniform has been hotly debated (2) many years Newspapers frequently include reports of children being sent home (3) they were not wearing the right style of shoes (4) the wrong colour of pullover In Brtain, There is no national uniform policy; it’s the responsibility of each head teacher to decide if their students should wear a uniform, and if so, to lay down exactly (5) that uniform should consist of In Japan, there is a strict uniform policy in all schools Boys in secondary schools wear a dark jacket (6) buttons down the front and a high collar, and girls wear a blue and white uniform based (7) a nineteenth-century sailor suit There is a correct length for girls’ skirts and teachers will sometimes use a tape measure to check (8) In Japan, as in many other countries, children find ways of bending the uniform rules In the USA, uniforms were introduced in some urban areas in the 1980s in an attempt to prevent students bullying each (9) simply because of the cothes they were wearing Within a decade about 25 per cent of (10) primary school pupils and 12 per cent of secondary students were wearing uniforms NUMBER Learning a language is, in some way, like (1) how to fly or play the piano There (2) _ important differences, but there is a very important similarity It is this: learning how to such things needs lots (3) _ practice It is never simply to “know” something You must be able to “do” things with what (4) _ know For example, it is not enough simply to read a book on (5) to fly an aero plane A (6) _ can give you lots of information about how to fly, but if only read a book and then try to (7) _ without a great deal of practice first, you will crash and kill (8) The same is true of (9) the piano So you think it is enough simply to read about it? Can you play the piano without having lots of (10) _ first? NUMBER5 Looking nervously around, Michael (1) up the wallet which he (2) in the street Michael was unemployed and he needed some (3) and now he could buy food for his family (4) first he thought it was a book, but then he saw some money in it He thought he was (5) In (6), Michael was very (7) He didn't have enough money to pay for somewhere to live He spent most of his time (8) for work and sometimes he asked people for money When he (9) the wallet, he saw lots of money and several (10) cards and an address inside Michael took the (11) to the address The address was at a large house in the city and the (12) was very glad to get it (13) He gave Michael a big (14) for (15) he did NUMBER Television is an important invention of the twentieth century It has been (1) _ popular that now we can't imagine what life would be (2) _if there were no television Television is a major (3) _of communication It brings pictures and sounds from around the world into millions of homes Through (4) _, viewers can see and learn about people, places and things in faraway lands Television (5) _our knowledge by introducing to us new ideas (6) _may lead us to new hobbies and recreations In addition (7) _the news, television provides us with a variety of programs that can satisfy (8) _taste Most people now seem to like spending their evenings (9) _television It is more convenient for them to sit at home watching TV (10) _to go out for amusements anywhere else NUMBER John lived (1) his mother in a very big house, and when she died, the house became (2) big for him, (3) he bought a smaller one in the next street There was a very nice old clock in his first house, and when the men came to take his furniture (4) the new house, John thought, "I'm not going to let them (5) my beautiful old clock in their truck Perhaps they'll break it, and then repairing it will (6) expensive." So he picked it up and began to carry it down the road in his arms It was heavy, so he stopped two or three times to have a (7) Then suddenly a small boy came along the road He stopped and looked (8) John for a few seconds Then he said to John, "You're a foolish man, (9) you? Why don't you (10) a watch like everybody else?" NUMBER In 1973, when the tiger appeared to (0) be facing extinction, the World Wide Fund for nature and (1) Indian Government agreed to set (2) “Operation Tiger” – a campaign (3) save this threatened creature They started by creating nine special parks (4) that tigers could live in safety The first was at Ramthambhore , a region (5) was quickly turning into a desert (6) too much of the grass was being eaten by the local people’s cattle At the time there (7) just fourteen tigers left there The government had to clear twelve small villages, which means moving nearly 1,000 people and 10,000 cattle so the land (8) be handed back to nature Today, Ramthambhore is a very different place, with grass tall (9) for tigers to hide in, and there are now at (10) ………… forty of them (11) the park, wandering freely about Other animals have also benefited For example, there are many (12) deer and monkeys than before The people (13) were moved are now living in better conditions They live in new villages away (14) the tiger park, with schools, temples and fresh water supplies There are now sixteen such tiger parks in India and the animals’ future looks (15) little safer NUMBER To many people, their friends are most important (1) in their life Really good friends (2) the good times and the bad times, help you when you’ve got problems, never judge you and never turn their (3) on you Your best friend may be (4) you’ve known all your life, someone you’ve grown up with and been through lots of (5) and downs with There are all sorts of things that can bring about this special relationship It may be the (6) of enjoying the same activities, having the outlook on life, or sharing similar (7) Most of us (8) met someone that we’ve immediately felt relaxed with, (9) if we’ve known them for years However, usually it really does take you years to (10) to know someone well enough to consider him (11) best friend To the majority of (12) this is someone we trust completely and who understands us (13) than anyone else It’s the person you can turn (14) for impartial advice and a shoulder to cry on (15) life gets you down NUMBER 10 In Britain there is a holiday now which people call Mother’s Day In the old days many girls from working-class (1) in towns and cities and from farmers’ families in the country worked in rich houses They had to all the (2) and their working day was usually very long, they often (3) on Sundays, too Once a year, it was usually (4) Sunday in March, they could visit their mothers They went home on that day and (5) presents for their mothers and for (6) members of their families They could stay at home only one day, and then they went (7) to their work People call that day Mothering Day (8) Mothering Sunday Later workers at the factories and girls (9) worked in the houses of rich families received one free day a week, and Mothering Day became Mother’s Day It is (10) last Sunday in March NUMBER 11 Few people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the world climate Many scientists put the blame for the recent natural disasters on the increase (1) the world temperatures and are convinced that, more than (2) before, the earth is at (3) _ from the force of the wind, rain and sun (4) to them, global warming is making extreme weather events, even as hurricanes and droughts even more severe and causing sea levels all around the world to (5) _ Environmental groups are putting pressure on governments to take action to reduce the (6) _ of carbon dioxide which is given off by factories and power plants, thus attacking the problem as it’s source They are in favor of more money being spent on research into solar, wind and wave energy devices, which could then replace existing power stations Some scientists, (7) _, believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow, we (8) _ have to wait several hundred years to know the results Global warming, it seems, is to stay NUMBER 12 Illiteracy is the condition of being (1) to read and write Illiteracy is also (2) to describe the condition of being ignorant or unknowledgeable in a particular subject or field Computer illiteracy is (3) inability to use a computer programming language Most of us (4) use computers know how to send emails, or how to create a new folder But we know (5) about programming languages, the artificial languages used to write instructions that can be executed by a computer Even in technologically (6) countries, a very small percentage of computer users are able to read or write this kind of computer language Should we (7) the effort to learn a computer language, especially when these are so complicated? The answer is (8) Because of computer illiteracy, users are at the (9) of software manufacturers Our society becomes more dependent on information (10) , and in a few years’ (11) , reading and writing a computer language will be as essential (12) using a human language Computer users will not be able to survive (13) they know the code - the set of detailed instructions that tell a computer what to In the (14) , survival and professional success will presuppose knowing everything about the machines we (15) with NUMBER 13 Maybe you recycle cans, glass, and paper Do you know that nature recycles, too? One of the things nature (1) _ is water Water goes from oceans, lakes, and rivers into the air Water falls from the air as (2) _ or snow Rain and snow eventually find their way back to the oceans Nature’s recycling program for water is (3) _ the water cycle The water cycle has four stages: storage, evaporation, precipitation, and runoff Water on Earth gets stored (4) _ oceans, lakes, rivers, ice, and even underground Water goes from storage into the atmosphere by a process called evaporation When water evaporates, it changes from a liquid (5) _ a gas, called water vapor Water vapor goes up into (6) _ atmosphere Water returns to the Earth as precipitation in rain or snow by changing into drops of water (7) _ the air gets cold enough Clouds are collections (8) _ water droplets Most precipitation falls into the oceans and goes right back into storage NUMBER 14 Everyone wants to reduce pollution But pollution problem is (1) complicated as it is serious It is complicated (2) much pollution is caused by things that benefit people For example, exhaust (3) automobiles causes a large percentage of all air pollution But automobiles (4) transportation for millions of people Factories discharge much of the material (5) pollutes the air and water, but factories give employment to a large (6) of people Too much fertilizer or pesticide can ruin soil, but fertilizers and pesticide (7) important aids to the growing of crops Thus, to end (8) greatly reduces pollution immediately, people would have to (9) using many things that benefit them Most people not want to that, of course But pollution can (10) gradually reduced in several ways NUMBER 15 The city of Melbourne, Australia has always had a (1) for unusual weather Melbourne people enjoy (2) this joke to visitors: if you don’t like the weather in Melbourne, don’t worry, just wait five minutes, because it’s sure to change At the beginning of 1992, Melbourne had its (3) January for over 100 years It rained for nine days on (4) As well as raining all day, the weather was also cold At night, people in some Melbourne suburbs were (5) on their heating as (6) it was winter It was (7) cold many people could (8) believe that it was summer at all The best weather in Melbourne, however, is not usually in the summer: it is in the autumn The autumn usually has more pleasant days (9) the summer The weather in autumn is usually (10) of warm days and cool, comfortable (11) The (12) of the city at this time of year is beautiful, too Melbourne has many lovely gardens and parklands with beautiful trees In the autumn, the trees change their (13) to red, gold and brown As they are (14) in the air by the wind of a late autumn day, the leaves add life to the city So even if the summer is cold and wet, people in Melbourne can still look forward to the (15) of a warm sunny autumn NUMBER 16 Henry is probably the luckiest person I know I normally envy very few of my friends’ jobs because I’m happy with what I do, but Henry Adams is one of those rare people….(1) …job I would really like to have myself Henry,…(2 ) had always been interested…( )… both science and animals, wanted to be a vet, and we ( ) both students at university at the same time When his course finished, …( ) …went to Aberdeen, where he looked after domestic animals…( )…as cats and dogs He always said that he would like to move around because he didn’t believe in staying in any job for too long So I wasn’t very surprised when he gave (7 )…that job and went to work in the zoo He stayed there for two years, and in the evenings he studied hard to get some higher qualifications When he had succeeded… (8) passing all his exams, he applied for a job…(9)…a keeper on a game reserve in Africa in 1994 He is now responsible for the well- being of thousands of animals In addition, he is in charge of a special program to protect species which are in….( 10 )….of extinction NUMBER 17 There is much more water than land (1) the surface of the earth The sea and oceans (2) nearly four-fifths of the whole world, and only one-fifth of (3) land If you traveled over the earth (4) different directions, you would have to spend much more of your time (5) on water than on roads or railways We sometimes forget that (6) every mile of land there is four miles of water There is much water on the surface of our earth that we (7) to use two words to describe We use the word seas to (8) those parts of water surface which (9) only a few hundreds of miles wide, the word oceans to describe the huge areas of water which are thousands of miles wide (10) very deep NUMBER 18 Most people think of computers (1) _ very modern inventions, products of our new technological age But actually the idea for a computer was worked (3) _ over two centuries (2) _ by a man called Charles Babbage Babbage was born in 1791 and grew up to be a brilliant mathematician He drew up plans for several calculating machines which he called “engines” In (4) of the fact that he started building some of these, he never finished any of them Over the years, people have argued (5) his machines would ever work Recently, however, the Science Museum in London has finished building an engine based on one of Babbage’s designs It has (6) _ six years to complete and (7) than four thousand parts have been specially made Whether it works or not, the machine will be on at a special exhibition in the Science Museum to (8) _ people of Babbage’s work NUMBER 19 There came a time, maybe 20,000 years ago, when man, instead of (1) merely a hunter, started to domesticate animals The dog helped in his hunting activities, geese and ducks were kept and bred as a source of food, (2) was easier than (3) to go out and hunt them Once humans had domesticated animals, they turned their (4) to plants Instead of being nomads, drifting from place to place following the game animals, they began to create farms and thus enter (5) more settled way of life Villages and towns sprang up in places where previously (6) had been only a hamlet Now animals and plants began to be kept not merely for food, but also for interest’s sake or for their beauty The first writers on animal life was Aristotle, in 33 BC, and Pliny, in 75 AD, but for many hundreds of years after Pliny the subjects of natural history, in common with many (7) areas of knowledge, hardly progressed at all For the most part such zoos as existed were in the hands of the dilettante nobility and were no more than secondrate menageries, without (8) scientific purpose However, in the seventeenth century, naturalists began to realize that they needed a system (9) classifying living things because as more plants and animals were discovered, it was difficult to (10) track of them all NUMBER 20 George Washington was born on February 22nd, 1732 in Virginia His (1) were Augustine and Mary Washington George (2) up on a farm in Virginia Little is (3) of his early childhood He attended (4) irregularly from his 7th to his 15th year His (5) _ subject was mathematics He learned to be a surveyor of land when he grew up He (6) _ the army and was a leader during the American Revolution He later became the first (7) of the United States George Washington is (8) by his people the "Father of our country" The Americans (9) _his birthday on Presidents' Day in February His (10) _ is on the one-dollar bill NUMBER 21 Travelling to all corners of the world is (1) _ easier and easier We live (2) _ a global village, but how well we know and understand each other? Here is (3) _ simple test Imagine you have arranged a meeting at p m What time should you expect your foreign business colleagues to arrive? If they are German, they‘ll be exactly (4) _ time If they are American, they‘ll probably be 15 minutes early If they are British, they’ll be 15 minutes (5) _, and you should allow up to an hour for the Indians Therefore, these are some small advice in (6) _ not to behave badly abroad In France you shouldn’t sit down in a cafard until you are shaken hands with everyone you know In Afghanistan you‘d better spend at last minutes (7) _ hello In Pakistan you mustn’t wink It is offensive In the Middle East you must never use the left hand for greeting, eating, drinking or smoking Also, you should care not to admire (8) _ in your host’s home They will feel that they have to give it to you In Russia you must your hosts drink for drink or they will think you are unfriendly In Thailand you should clasp your hands (9) _ and lower your head and your eyes when you greet someone In America you should eat your hamburger with both hands and as quickly as (10) _ You shouldn’t try to have a conversation until it is eaten NUMBER 22 Wild animals play an important part in the balance of nature and (1) _ us with many important products Birds and other animals help (2) _ insects Wild animals provide fur, food and recreation They also (3) _ our surroundings more interesting Uncontrolled hunting has destroyed much wildlife People have also(4) _ animals by destroying their habitats Many animals, such as passenger pigeon, have disappeared completely Others, including the whooping crane, the blue whale, and the American alligator, are in danger of (5) _ Sometimes it is necessary to keep animals from becoming too (6) _ For example, rabbits and such rodents as ground squirrels and mice may(7) _ great damage to crops if they are too abundant Deer may eat so much (8) _ that the herd will (9) _ in winter because no food is left Predators help hold down the population of their (10) _ NUMBER 23 English was first written down in the th century At that time, writers had to use the twenty-three letters of the Latin (1) to write down what they heard Because English has sounds that not (2) _in Latin, they added letters to represent the forty-four sounds of English This resulted (3) _some irregular spelling After the Norman invasion of England in 1056, French became the language spoken by the king and other people in positions of power (4) influence Many French words introduced and the spelling of many English words (5) to follow French patterns The result was a rich and irregular mix of spellings The (6) _press was invented in the 15th century Many early printers of English texts spoke other first languages, especially Dutch They often paid little attention to how English words spelled Sometimes technical decisions were (7) to give columns of print straight edges To this, letters were taken off the ends of words and sometimes added to words With time, people became (8) _to seeing words spelled the same way Fixed spellings were therefore created by the printers’ decisions Spoken English, however, was not fixed It continued to change, as it still does It is no (9)_ that English spelling seems irregular Words such as although, through and cough, for example, all have the same spelling at the end, but are (10) _differently Words such as feet, meat and seize, on the other hand, are spelled differently but have the same sound in the middle NUMBER 24 My father considered (0) himself to be a lucky man He wasn’t rich or famous, but he was lucky (1) _he lost anything, he was usually (2) _ to find it again (3) _such example was a fountain pen, a present from my mother on (4) _ wedding anniversary We had had a family day out in the mountains My brother, (5) was about ten years old at the time, and I enjoyed going to a lake where you could hire a boat and row out across the water (6) _had once been a village in the valley, but the valley had been flooded in order (7) _create a reservoir for a city many miles away When the water was clear, you could still make out the top of the church spire and the walls of houses (8) _we were returning home that night, my father discovered that he had lost his treasured fountain pen About two weeks later, he announced that in spite _the gloomy weather, we were going back to the lake for the day We were (9) surprised, but said nothing We set (10) _ about nine in the morning, and as (11) _as we arrived at the lake, we headed (12) _the spot where we had had our picnic on the previous occasion As we were deciding whether to hire a boat for the afternoon or (13) _, my father gave a shout There, lying on the ground, was a pen There was (14) _doubt at all in my mind that (15) _was the pen he had lost two weeks beforehand NUMBER 25 Many tourists who visit Central America find (1) surprising to learn that the Mayas still live there.(2) _ it is true that their ancient civilization came to and end when their country was (3) _over by the Spanish conquistadors, the Mayan people carried (4) _living in the area Today there are an estimated 1.2 million Mayas (5) live in southern Mexico , and many other areas of Central America states have large Mayan populations as (6) Many of their stories and art forms have remained (7) _over time, and today, women weave clothing and carpets that have signs and symbols that are the same as (8) found in ancient temples The different patterns and symbols on these brightly colored(9) _not only look attractive.(10) can also communicate important information such as material(11) _ Even though the majority of the Mayas are now Catholics, many of the festivals that they (12) part in are a mixture of the old rituals that their ancestors (13) to practice and more Christian elements It was perhaps the Mayas’ ability to (14) and change that made it possible for them to survive to the (15) _day NUMBER 26 Mozart, who was born on January, 27th, 1756 in the Austrian city of Salzburg, was (1) _ the first nor the last child prodigy, but he was certainly the greatest He was born into a moderately prosperous family (2) _ his unmatched musical genius made itself known extremely early Mozart (3) learning to play the harpsichord at three and his earliest known work was composed in 1761 when he was only five, the age (4) _ which he also first appeared in public From the age of six, when his father first took (5) _ on the first foreign tour, Mozart toured the courts (6) _ musical concerts of Austria, Germany, France, England, Holland, Switzerland and Italy It has been calculated that Mozart spent almost a third of his short (7) _ – he died at the age of 35 – traveling As Mozart matured, he continued to tour and (8) _ concerts Mozart (9) _ wrote a lot of operas His first opera, Ri de Ponto, was first (10) _ in Milan when he was 14, and it was the first of his many successes in the theater NUMBER 27 A hundred years ago, most people traveled on foot, by train, or on horseback Railways made (1) possible to travel rapidly over long distances (2) were also becoming popular, after the invention of the air - filled tire, which made cycling a lot more comfortable Buses, trams and underground railways (3) _ invented, and cities all over the (4) _ already had traffic jams There were very (5) _ private cars and city streets were still full of horses What a difference a hundred years have made? Nowadays we have got used (6) the problem of private cars, and some cities are (7) noisy and polluted that in many places vehicles have been banned from the city center (8) will we travel in a hundred years’ time? Perhaps by then there will be only personal helicopters (9) may be no need to travel to work or school in the future, since everyone will have a computer at home There might even be more (10) walking and horse - riding, for pleasure and exercise NUMBER 28 People have always dreamed of living forever, and although we all know this will (66) happen, we still want to live as long as possible Naturally, there are advantages and disadvantages to a long (67) In the first place, people (68) live longer can spend more time with their family and friends Secondly, people who have busy working lives look forward to a long, relaxing time when they can the things they have never had time for (69) the other hand, there are some serious disadvantages Firstly, many people become ill and consequently have to (70) time in hospital or become (71) on their children and friends Many of them (72) this dependence annoying or embarrassing In addition to this, the (73) people get, the fewer friends they seem to have because old friends die or become ill and it's often (74) to make new friends To sum up, it seems that living to a very old age is worthwhile for people who stay healthy (75) to remain independent and enjoy life NUMBER 29 10 Society has changed (0) _ many ways (1) _ the introduction of computers, and people’s lives at home and at the office have been affected Most people are working for fewer hours per week than they (2) _ to, and manufacturers and advertising agencies are becoming much (3) _ interested in how people spend this extra leisure time One recent report stated that, (4) _ the number of hobbies had not increased, each hobby (5) _ become much more specialized A second finding is that nowadays, many managers would (6) spend time with their families (7) _ stay late in the office every day Home life is seen to be just as important (8) _ working Some companies now (9) managers take their annual holidays even if they don’t want to, because this leads to (10) _ an improvement in their performance if they have some rest In (11) of these changes, some people are working harder than ever before The standard of exams is getting higher, and increased competition is (12) it harder to get into university than it was 20 years (13) _ Schoolchildren and students are now having to work (14) _ hard that in many cases they work longer hours than their parents NUMBER 30 I finished university six month (1) _, I’ve got a degree in business administration I enjoyed the course very much (2) _ I realize I should have studied a lot harder! A few of my friends have (3) _ got full-time jobs but most, me, are still waiting (4) _ something suitable to turn up Meanwhile, I make sure that I keep myself busy I look through the job advertisements (5) _ the newspapers every day and I also ask all the people I know to tell me if they hear of any vacancies (6) _ they work What I am looking for is something challenging and I would certainly be happy to move to another city or even work abroad for a while The (7) _ is not so important at this stage , provided I earn enough to live on , because I don’t want to continue (8) _ to depend on my parents , although they are (9) _ generous to me At the moment, I’m working in a nearby restaurant two evenings (10) _ week, washing up and generally helping out, which brings a little money The other people working there are very friendly, and many of them are in the same (11) _ as me, so we have lots of to talk (12) _ NUMBER 31 make an reason result on average think during find which also what when example up encourage Teachers have often used memory tests to assess the intelligence of their students But having a good memory often has little to (1) with intelligence Studies have shown not only that some people of below (2) _ intelligence have exceptional memories, but (3) that some highly intelligent people have poor memories A good memory is more often the (4) _ of using techniques that can be learned, 11 and many of the books that have been written on the subject (5) _ people to use similar methods One of these is that you make up short sentences or rhymes which can help you remember (6) you need to know by heart For (7) , the first letters of the words in the sentence ‘Rechard of York gained battles in vain’ are ROYBIV; these are the colors of the rainbow - red, orange, yellow, and so on Another technique involves, linking the sounds of words with images, which can be particularly effective (8) learning new words The learner needs to create an image to help to remember the word By using techniques like this, many learners (9) _ it a lot easier than they had expected to keep (10) _ learning new vocabulary NUMBER 32 Is there really anything wrong with letting a very small child to watch television for a few hours a day? This is a (1) that didn’t need to be asked forty or fifty years ago, when children’s television in the UK was limited to not much (2) than an hour a day But now that daytime television has become a reality, and many homes have satellite receivers (3) channels purely for children, parents have to decide (4) too much television harms children or not There are those (5)_ _ who believe that children need conversation and interaction with real people in order to develop properly,(6) watching television too much can be bad for the child’s development On the (7)_ _ hand, the vast majority of parents feel that watching lively, bright cartoon and puppet shows on television is fun for the child, and a little amusement can’t be (8)_ _ a bad thing One thing is quite clear; (9)v able to place a baby in front of the television in the knowledge that he or she will sit there quietly for a while gives parents a welcome break (10) and then NUMBER 33 The Internet is made _ (51) of millions of computers linked together around the world in _ (52) a way that information can be sent from any computer to any other 24 hours a day These _ (53) can be in homes, schools, universities, government departments, or businesses The Internet is often described as a network of networks _ (54) all the smaller networks of organizations are linked together into one giant network _ (55) the Internet All computers are pretty much equal once connected to the Internet, the _ (56) difference will be the speed of the connection _ (57) is dependent on your Internet Service Provider and your own modem _ (58) are many things you can and participate in once connected to the Internet They include using a range of services _ (59) communicate and share information and things quickly and inexpensively with millions of people, _ (60) young and old and from diverse cultures around the world NUMBER 34 When the day comes give yourself plenty of time to everything: have breakfast but don't drink too much; go to the toilet; arrive on time, but not too (1) or you will find yourself getting more and more nervous while you wait to start Try not to talk (2) the exam before you go in 12 In the exam, calm yourself (3) by breathing deeply and thinking positively Read the exam questions carefully and underline all of the key instruction words (4) indicate how the questions should be (5) _ _ If possible start with the ones (6) _ can easily to give you confidence Remember what you've learnt from practising questions and doing mock exams previously and plan your use of time Don't panic (7) everyone around you seems to start writing furiously straight away and don't be tempted to follow their example Finally, after the exam, don't join in a discussion about (8) _ _ everyone else did, unless you want to frighten yourself, and drain your self-confidence for the next exam Above (9) , remember that exams are not designed to catch you out, but to find out what you know, what you (10) _ _ and what you can NUMBER 35 The idea that a blind person could drive a car sounds crazy And the concept of someone who can’t see driving a car at almost 150 miles per hour sounds even (1) Miranda Naylor, a blind accountant from Southport, has done exactly that in an attempt to (2) money for charity Mrs Naylor drove (3) sports car for two miles in a straight line along the runway of a disused airfield She was in radio contact with her husband Pete Naylor, (4) was able to give her directions and advice in this way Her amazing achievement is expected to raise about £50,000, which will be donated (5) a company that trains dogs for the blind Mrs Naylor has been blind (6) _ she was six years old and she still has some visual memories of the world (7) her She admits that not having her sight makes her life awkward at times She believes that if you are disabled in any way, you shouldn’t waste time (8) sorry for yourself “It makes a lot of sense to keep busy” she says “Achieving (9) _ can be a great source of self confidence” Miranda is now looking for a new challenge and (10) _ like to ride a motorbike NUMBER 36 In 1973, when the tiger appeared to (0) be facing extinction, the World Wide Fund for nature and (1) Indian Government agreed to set (2) “Operation Tiger” – a campaign (3) _ save this threatened creature They started by creating nine special parks (4) that tigers could live in safety The first was at Ramthambhore , a region (5) was quickly turning into a desert (6) too much of the grass was being eaten by the local people’s cattle At the time there (7) just fourteen tigers left there The government had to clear twelve small villages, which means moving nearly 1,000 people and 10,000 cattle so the land (8) be handed back to nature Today, Ramthambhore is a very different place, with grass tall (9) _ for tigers to hide in, and There are now at (10) forty of them (11) the park, wandering freely about Other animals have also benefited For example, there are many (12) deer and monkeys than before The people (13) were moved are now living in better conditions They live in new villages away (14) the tiger park, with schools, temples and fresh water supplies There are now sixteen such tiger parks in India and the animals’ future looks (15) little safer 13 NUMBER 37 Mozart, who was born on January, 27th, 1756 in the Austrian city of Salzburg, was (1) _ the first nor the last child prodigy, but he was certainly the greatest He was born into a moderately prosperous family, (2) _ his unmatched musical genius made itself known extremely early Mozart (3) learning to play the harpsichord at three and his earliest known work was composed in 1761 when he was only five, the age (4) _ which he also first appeared in public From the age of six, when his father first took (5) _ on the first foreign tour, Mozart toured the courts (6) _ musical concerts of Austria, Germany, France, England, Holland, Switzerland and Italy It has been calculated that Mozart spent almost a third of his short (7) _ – he died at the age of 35 – traveling As Mozart matured, he continued to tour and (8) _ concerts Mozart (9) _ wrote a lot of operas His first opera, Ri de Ponto, was first (10) _ in Milan when he was 14, and it was the first of his many successes in the theater NUMBER 38 The Browns live in the countryside Last week when they came up to London, they(1) their times in seeing as much as (2) Mrs Brown was most interested in stores, especially in Oxford Street, and bought some of (3) things which she could not find in the shops in the countryside Their two children, George and Susan,(4) had never been to London before, were surprised (5) the crowds everywhere They enjoyed traveling on the underground and going down the moving stairs (6) lead to the platforms One day they went to Hyde Park and walked along on the grass to Kensington Garden (7) the bright autumn sunshine It was very quiet here Only (8) noise from the streets reminded them that they were still in a city The (9) of the tall trees were turning red, brown and yellow, birds were (10) about, sheep (11) eating the grass, there were(12) of flowers, and ducks were swimming about on the Round Pond George,(13) hobby was planes and boats, was very much interested in the model boats which boys were sailing (14)…………… the Pond Before the end of the week they had seen a great (15) They hoped, however, to see more of London on their next visit NUMBER 39 The city of Melbourne, Australia has always had a (1) for unusual weather Melbourne people enjoy (2) this joke to visitors: if you don’t like the weather in Melbourne, don’t worry, just wait five minutes, because it’s sure to change At the beginning of 1992, Melbourne had its (3) January for over 100 years It rained for nine days on (4) _ As well as raining all day, the weather was also cold At night, people in some Melbourne suburbs were (5) on their heating as (6) _ it was winter It was (7) _ cold many people could (8) _ believe that it was summer at all 14 The best weather in Melbourne, however, is not usually in the summer: it is in the autumn The autumn usually has more pleasant days (9) the summer The weather in autumn is usually (10) of warm days and cool, comfortable (11) _ The (12) _ of the city at this time of year is beautiful, too Melbourne has many lovely gardens and parklands with beautiful trees In the autumn, the trees change their (13) to red, gold and brown As they are (14) in the air by the wind of a late autumn day, the leaves add life to the city So even if the summer is cold and wet, people in Melbourne can still look forward to the (15) of a warm sunny autumn NUMBER 40 It is generally accepted that present-day animals and plants differ from those of the past, (0) having changed by a general process called evolution But this theory has been widely accepted for little (1) than a hundred years The present theory of evolution was developed (2) two naturalists – Charles Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace – working independently When he was a young man (3) 22, Darwin went as naturalist on a round-the-world, map-making cruise aboard a British naval survey ship, HMS Beagle The cruise began in 1831 and lasted (4) 1836 In the Galapagos islands, Darwin came (5) a group of birds, later to become known (6) “Darwin’s finches” They were similar to one (7) in their color, song, nests and eggs, and were clearly descended (8) the same finch stock, (9) each had a different kind of beak and was adapted (10) a different way of life (11) were seed-eaters, fly-catchers, woodpeckers and various other types Darwin assumed that the ancestors of all (12) types had been blown to the islands in bleak weather, had survived and changed somehow (13) the various forms In the years after the voyage, Darwin gradually came to the conclusion that individuals better suited (14) their environment would tend to leave more offspring while those (15) well adapted would die out NUMBER 41 Nowadays there is plenty of good amusement available for young children, and of course, seeing plenty of books in use about the house will also (1) _ them to read Of course, books are no (2) _ the only source of stories and information There is also a huge range of videos, which can reinforce and extend the (3) _ a child find in a book and are equally valuable in helping to (4) _ vocabulary and concentration Television gets a bad press as far as children are concerned, mainly (5) _ too many of them spend too much time watching programmes not intended for their age (6) _ Too many television programmes are not (7) _ for children They had better watch the programmes designed (8) _ young children Just as adults enjoy reading a book after seeing it serialized on (9) _, so children will pounce on books which 15 feature their favourite television characters and videos can (10) _ a new dimension to a story known from a book NUMBER 42 Rivers are one of the world’s most important natural resources Many cities are on large rivers, and (1) every country has at least one river that plays an important part in the (2) of its people Besides transportation, rivers (3) food, water for crops, water to drink, and opportunities for recreation for people who live along their (4) And in order to get (5) for crops, engineers sometimes build a dam (6) a river and let the water become a lake behind the dam Then people can use their water not only to irrigate fields but to make electricity for homes and industries as (7) However, the water often becomes (8) when cities on river banks grow in size and the number of industries (9) We are learning that it is necessary to keep rivers clean (10) we don’t want to enjoy the benefits of the natural resources NUMBER 43 Water is our life source It makes up 70 percent (1) our bodies, and the average person actually spends 18 months of his life in the bath (2) shower But we are only now learning (3) to look after water Acid rain has polluted as many as 18,000 lakes and our seas and our rivers are (4) with waste products It is now very expensive to try to repair the damage (5) has been done We have some hope for the future, though, because new (6) of water have been discovered People living the Sahara Desert have (7) fish swimming in deep undergrowth steams Scientists also believe (8) is a huge lake beneath London If we have learnt anything from our mistakes, we will try to keep these new areas of water clean NUMBER 44 In a village on the east coast of Scotland, people were waiting anxiously for news Two of their fishing-boats (1) been caught in the storm (2) had blown up during the night In the cottages round the harbour people stood (3) their door, (4) worried to talk The rest of the fishing fleet had (5) the harbour before dark, and the men from these ships waited and watched with the wives and families of (6) missing men Some had (7) thick blankets and some flasks to hot drinks, knowing that the men (8) be cold and tried As dawn began to break over (9) the east, a small point if light was (10) in the darkness of the water and a (11) minutes later, (12) was a shout Before long, the two boats (13) turning in, past the lighthouse, to the inside of the harbour The men (14) helped out of their boats, and although they were stiff (15) cold and tiredness, they were all safe 16 NUMBER 45 My most embarrassing experience (1) when I had just left university I had just started (2) in a Liverpool secondary school One morning my alarm clock didn't go (3) because I had forgotten to (4) it up I woke up at haft past eight and school began at nine I (5) washed, shaved, got dressed, jumped (6) my car and (7) to school When I arrived, the students (8) already gone into class I didn't go to the staff room, but went (9) into class After two or three (10) the students (11) laughing, and I couldn't understand (12) ! Suddenly I looked (13) and (14) I had (15) on one black shoe and one brown shoe! NUMBER 46 Many hundred years (1) _ there were many villages and few towns in England The villagers liked to go into the forests and the fields when spring came On the first Sunday of May they usually took a tree back (2) _ them and put it (3) the village The children danced round it and the men and the women (4) games around it Later the international working class made the First of May their day of solidarity The First May Day was (5) _ in England in 1890 when the workers decided to fight for an eight - hour working day and an end to the very long hours that they worked In London, the workers (6) from all places to a meeting in Hyde Park This demonstration (7) _ their unity and solidarity After that, May Day in England was usually celebrated on the Sunday nearest to the first day of the month There (8) _ many large May Day demonstrations The working people showed on those days their solidarity with the progressive people in other countries NUMBER 47 For many Americans, Sunday is a (1) of rest After a busy (2) of bussines and work routines, it is a day to pause and focus on faith and (3) However it is not a day to waste away by doing nothing It (4) a day for many to attend church and to worship (5) their local community On Sunday most department stores and business (6) closed for the day and only places of entertainment and culture may be open to the public Sometimes when we read the (7) and watch TV, we get the false impression that American is an amoral society where people have no respect (8) family and religious values This concept is often exploited (9) tabloid papers and the foreign press (10) nothing could be further from the truth In spite of the apparent carefree attitude sometimes projected by the press, many Americans, especially those living in the rural (11)……………… and the deep south, are very traditional in their approach (12) life, family and religion (13) for them still (14) a time to attend their local church and to meet with their fellow parishioners The church service becomes (15) them the centre of their day’s activities 17 NUMBER 48 Every country has (1) _ own educational culture Studying in Britain is not just a question of what you will study (2) _ also how you will study it British teachers expect learners to become responsible, independent, autonomous (3) _ self-motivated What does this mean in practice? Most teachers in language schools in Britain are informal You can call (4) _ by their first names Learners should follow the course and complete their homework or assignments on time If you are ill or have other good reasons for not finishing work on time, your teachers will be understanding and give you as much help (5) _ they can However teachers cannot help if students don’t any work Teachers appreciate students who know what their goals are This could be to learn your subject for a special purpose, to pass (6) _ exam, to qualify for a job, or to study the subject as deeply as possible If you are clear about your goals, your teachers can advise you on how to achieve them British teachers will not tell you the answers to (7) _ They will not give you some material and tell you to memorise the contents In Britain you can find information to help with your studies in many places - in libraries, bookshops, online, and through television and radio programmes Teachers will tell you where you can find information and how you can use (8) _ They will give you advice on how you can explore your subject and make discoveries for yourself However you must be willing to go to teachers and ask for their help and advice If you do, teachers will be happy to help, but they expect you to the work Questions are the key to education If you ask your teachers good, relevant questions you will show that you are interested (9) _ the subject This also makes the classroom a more interesting place for learning British teachers like being asked questions Your fellow students are glad if you ask questions (10) _ it helps them learn too 18 NUMBER 1 of from on but or in in of like 10 doing NUMBER between than are early be on/upon but who/that not for NUMBER 3 because/as/since/when with on them learning book are fly NUMBER of yourself other you playing what 10 all how 10 practice picked found money At lucky NUMBER fact 11 wallet poor 12 owner looking 13 back examined/searched 14 reward 10 credit 15 what NUMBER so which / that like to means every or television watching widens / broadens 10 than NUMBER with too so to carry be rest at aren’t 10 buy IX the up to so that/ which things share back someone NUMBER since/ as/ because/ for were might/ could enough 10 least 11 in 12 more 13 who/ that 14 from 15 a NUMBER result 11 your experiences 12 us have 13 better as 14 to 19 ups 10 get 15 when NUMBER 10 families other housework back 1.IN RISE one who NUMBER 11 EVER AMOUNT UNABLE USED THE / ONE'S WHO NOTHING / LITTLE / NONE worked or RISK HOWEVER brought/ bought 10 the ACCORDING WOULD NUMBER 12 ADVANCED / DEVELOPED MAKE YES MERCY 10 TECHNOLOGY 11.TIME 12 AS 13.UNLESS 14.FUTURE 15.WORK NUMBER 13: Recycles rain when of called 4.in into the NUMBER 14: as as/because/since number are from or provide stop that/which 10 be NUMBER 15: reputation telling wettest hardly/ never than 13 leaves 1.whose end turning/ switching 10 composed/ comprised 14 blown 2.who 3.in 4.were on cover its in if/ though so 11 nights 12 Scenery 15 possubility NUMBER 16 5.he 6.such 7.up 8.in NUMBER 17 moving for have 9.as 10.danger describe is 10 and NUMBER 18 like whether out ago taken more remind spite NUMBER 19 being which having attention a 6.there other NUMBER 20 NUMBER 21 20 any for 10 keep