Hoàn thiện chính sách xã hội nông thôn trong phát triển kinh tế xã hội việt nam(lấy ví dụ ở tỉnh bắc giang)

TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN Mai Son DftlHOCKINHTI: Qll6C DAN TRUNGTAM THONG TIN THU WEN HOAN THIEN CHINH SACH XA HOI NONG THON TRONG PHAT TRIEN KINH TE - XA HOl VIET NAM • • • • (LAY VI DU O TINH BAC GIANG) r Chuyen nganh: Kinh te chinh tri LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE NGUdl HU'dNG DAN KHOA HOC: GS.TS MAI NGOC CUdNG Ha Noi - 2009 ‘ I fi S SJ MUC • LUC • Trang DANH MUC CAC CHU’ VIET TAT DANH MUC CAC BANG, BIEU TOM TAT LUAN VAN Md DAU Chuong 1: CO Sd LY LUAN VA THUG TIEN VE CHINH SACH XA HOI NONG THON TRONG PHAT TRIEN KINH TE - XA HOI 1.1 Dae diem, ban chat, vi tri va tarn quan cua chinh sach xa hoi nong thon 1.1.1 Dac diem, ban chat chinh sach xa hoi nong thon 1.1.2 Vi tri va tarn quan cua chinh sach xa hoi nong thon 11 1.2 Noi dung cac chinh sach xa hoi nong thon chu yeu va nhung nhan to anh huong den viec xay dung, hoan thien chinh sach xa hoi nong thon 1.2.1 Noi dung cac chinh sach xa hoi nong thon chu yeu 1.2.2 Cac nhan td anh huong den viec xay dung va hoan thien chinh sach xa hoi nong thon 1.3 Kinh nghiem xay dung va thuc hien chinh sach xa hoi nong thon o mot so dia phuong nude 15 15 24 26 1.3.1 Kinh nghiem mot so dia phrrong nude 26 1.3.2 Bai hoc kinh nghiem chung 34 Chuong 2: 38 THUG TRANG CHINH SACH XA HOI NONG THON TREN DIA BAN TINH BAC GIANG GIAI DOAN 2000-2007 2.1 Dac diem tir nhien, kinh te, xa hoi tinh Bae Giang 38 2.1.1 Dac diem tu nhien anh huong den CSXH a tinh Bae Giang 38 2.1.2 Dac diem kinh te anh huong den CSXH d tinh Bac Giang 39 2.1.3 Dac diem xa hoi anh huong den viec thuc hien CSXH d tinh Bac Giang 41 2.2 Thuc trang chinh sach xa hoi nong thon d Bac Giang giai doan 2000 2007 42 2.2.1 Chinh sach giai quyet viec lam cho lao dong nong thon 42 2.2.2 Chinh sach XDGN doi vdi khu vuc nong thon 52 2.2.3 Chinh sach an sinh xa hoi ddi vdi khu vuc nong thon 60 2.2.4 Chinh sach cung cap dich vu xa hoi co ban ddi vdi khu vuc nong thon 65 2.3 Nhu'ng han che chu yeu va nguyen nhan han che cua chinh sach xa hoi nong thon ddi vdi phat trien kinh te - xa hoi d tinh Bac Giang nhung nam qua 74 2.3.1 Nhung han che chu yeu 74 2.3.2 Nguyen nhan han che 85 Chuong 3: 92 PHtTONG HU'OnG VA GIAI PHAP CHU YEU DE HOAN THIEN HE THONG CHINH SACH XA HOI NONG THON BAC GIANG TRONG NHUNG NAM TOI 3.1 Dinh hudng hoan thien chinh sach xa hoi nong thon d Bac Giang nhung nam tdi 92 3.1.1 Boi canh phat trien va quan diem dat cho viec hoan thien he thong CSXH nong thon nhung nam tdi 92 3.1.2 Dinh hudng noi dung hoan thien 3.2 Nhung giai phap chu yeu de hoan thien he thong chinh sach xa hoi nong thon d Bac Giang nhung nam tdi 97 100 3.2.1 Nhom giai phap ve he thong luat phap va cac van ban quy pham phap luat thuc day phat trien kinh te - xa hoi khu vuc nongthon 100 3.2.2 Nhom giai phap ve bo may to chuc, doi ngu can bo thuc thi CSXH nong thon 104 3.2.3 Nhom giai phap ve ho trq cua Nha nude viec cung cap tai chinh thuc thi CSXH nong thon 106 3.2.4 Nhom giai phap da dang hoa phuong thuc thuc hien chinh sach xa hoinongthon 107 3.2.5 Mot so giai phap khac 109 KET LU AN DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 112 114 DANH MUC CAC CHU VIET TAT ASXH: An sinh xa hoi BHXH: Bao hiem xa hoi BHYT: Bao hiem y te CNH-HDH : Cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa CSXH: Chinh sach xa hoi LD-TB&XH: Lao dong-Thuong binh va Xa hoi NSNN: Ngan sach Nha nude XDGN: Xoa doi giam ngheo XHCN: Xa hoi chu nghTa DANH MUC CAC BANG, BIfiU Trang Biiu 1.1: KSt qua thuc hien muc tieu XDGN giai doan 2001 - 2007 tinh Tuyen Quang 28 Bieu 1.2: Nguyen nhan chu yeu dan den doi ngheo d tinh Tuyen Quang 28 Bieu 2.1: Mot so chi tieu kinh te - xa hoi cua tinh Bac Giang 39 Bieu 2.2: Ket qua dao tao nghe cua tinh Bac Giang giai doan 1998 - 2007 43 Bieu 2.3: Tong hop so ngudi Bac Giang di lao dong cd thdi han d nude ngoai giai doan 2001-2007 48 Bieu 2.4: Tinh hinh thu - chi BHYT 2005 - 2006 tinh Bac Giang 62 Bieu 2.5: Tong hop cac nguon thu - chi den thang nam 2008 cua Quy Huu nong dan Dai Hoa 64 Bieu 2.6: Ty le dan so Bac Giang tu 10 tudi trd len biet chu chia theo thi, nong thon va nam nhom thu nhap 67 Bieu 2.7: Ty le ngudi dm dau, chan thuong di kham va chua benh so vdi tong dan so chia theo thi, nong thon va nhom thu nhap d Bac Giang 70 Bieu 2.8: Ket qua thuc hien Chuang trinh muc tieu quoc gia nude sach, ve sinh moi trudng nong thon giai doan 1999 - 2007 d Bac Giang 72 Bieu 2.9: Thu nhap binh quan nhan khau thang chia theo thi, nong thon va nam nhom thu nhap d Bac Giang 80 thi, nong thon, gidi tinh, thu nhap, dan toe cua chu ho d Bac Giang 83 Bieu 2.11: Chi y te binh quan ngudi cd kham, chtra benh 12 thang qua chia theo thi, nong thon va nhom thu nhap nam 2006 d Bac Giang 84 TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN Mai Son HOAN THIEN CHINH SACH XA HOI NONG THON • • TRONG PHAT TRIEN KINH TE - XA HOl VIET NAM • • (LAY VI DU O TINH BAC GIANG) Chuyen nganh: Kinh te chinh tri TOM TAT LU AN VAN THAC SY • Ha Noi - 2009 • i MO DAU Nong thon la dia ban chien luge cua ca nude vdi gan 73% dan so, hon 75% lure lugng lao dong toan xa hoi dang sinh song Phat trien nong nghiep, r t r r nong thon, thuc hien tot CSXH nong thon de nang cao ddi song vat chat va tinh than cho nong dan la nhiem vu chien luge, la co sd de dam bao on dinh tinh hinh chinh tri - xa hoi, sir phat trien hai hoa va ben vung theo dinh hudng XHCN cua dat nude Sau hon 20 nam thuc hien cong cuoc doi mdi, nong nghiep, nong dan, nong thon nude ta da dat dugc nhung tuu kha toan dien va to ldn Tuy nhien, nhung tuu dat dugc chua tuong xung vdi tiem nang, cac nguon luc chua dugc khai thac va su dung cd hieu qua cao r r •* r Ddi song vat chat va tinh than cua ngudi dan nong thon edn thap, chenh lech giau, ngheo giua nong thon va thi, giua cac vung ldn, ty le ho ngheo, nhat la mien nui cao; phan hoa xa hoi cang phuc tap; bao dam xa hoi cho ngudi lao dong va dan cu nong thon nhieu kho khan; nhieu van de buc xue d nong thon cham dugc khac phuc Mot nhung nguyen nhan dan den nhung ton tai neu tren la cong tac ly luan chua giai dap dugc mot so van de cua thuc tien doi mdi va xay dung chu nghia xa hoi d nude ta; cd viec xay dung CSXH nong thon giai doan hien De gop phan lam ro, bo sung nhung van de ly luan va thuc tien lien quan den phuong phap luan xay dung CSXH nong thon; dong thdi, khuyen nghi mot so van de chu yeu hoan thien he thong CSXH nong thon nen kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng XHCN d Bac Giang nhung nam tdi, tac gia chgn de tai luan van thac si kinh te: "Hoan thien chinh sach xa hoi nong thon phat trien kinh te - xa hoi Viet Nam (Lay vi du d tinh Bac Giang) ii Chuong CO SO LY LUAN VA THUC TIEN VE CHINH SACH XA HOI • NONG THON TRONG PHAT TRlEN KINH TE - XA HOI • 1.1 DAC DIEM, BAN CHAT, VI TRI VA TAM QUAN TRONG CUA CHINH SACH XA HOI NONG THON 1.1.1 Dac diem, ban chat chinh sach xa hoi nong thon 1.1.1.1 Khai niem: CSXH nong thon la he thong bao gom nhieu loai CSXH cho cac doi tupng sinh song tren dia ban nong thon, do, CSXH cho nong dan la bo phan quan cua CSXH nong thon 1.1.1.2 Dac diem, ban chat chinh sach xa hoi nong thon Mot la, CSXH nong thon nham giai quyet nhung van de xa hoi sinh qua trinh CNH-HDH nong nghiep, nong thon, phat trien kinh te thi trudng va hoi nhap kinh te quoc te Hai la, CSXH nong thon nham giai quyet cac muc tieu ve mat xa hoi cho nong dan va nhung ngudi song d nong thon cung gia dinh ho hoa nhap vao hoat dong cua ddi song xa hoi Ba la, de thuc hien CSXH nong thon dung muc tieu, doi tupng va hieu qua, thong thudng phai co co che quan ly, van hanh rieng va dupe phap luat dam r a r r bao Nhung van de xa hoi doi vdi nong dan nhu dan so, sue khoe, giao due, viec lam, nha d, moi trudng, ASXH, gia dinh, cua ngudi nong dan phai dupe luat hoa 1.1.2 Vi tri va tarn quan cua chinh sach xa hoi nong thon 1.1.2.1 Vi tri, moi quan lie gifra chinh sach xa hoi nong thon voi cac chinh sach kinh te - xa hoi khac CSXH nong thon la mot bo phan cua CSXH; dong thdi no cd moi lien he thong nhat, chat che vdi cac chinh sach kinh te Co so cua moi quan he la quan he giua tang trudng kinh te va cong bang, tien bo xa hoi Thong qua thuc hien CSXH nong thon, mot mat dam bao thuc hien nhung noi dung cua chinh sach iii kinh te; mat khac, no thuc hien nhung van de dam bao xa hoi cho ngudi dan song d vung nong thon Su ket hop giua chinh sach kinh te va CSXH nong thon phai vua dam bao nguyen ly don gian: mot chinh sach kinh te phai tim diroc dong lyc xa hoi va gop phdn dam bao on dinh xa hoi nong thon, ngirpc lai, mot CSXH nong thon phai gop phdn thuc day kinh te nong thon phat trien va phu hop vdi dieu kien kinh te cho phep 1.1.2.2 Tam quan cua chinh sach xa hoi nong thon Phat trien nong nghiep, nong thon, thyc hien tot CSXH ndng thon de r r r y nang cao ddi song vat chat va tinh than cho nong dan la nhiem vu chien luge, la co sd quyet dinh de dam bao on dinh tinh hinh chinh tri - xa hoi, su phat trien hai hoa va ben vung theo dinh hudng XHCN cua dat nude r r y r Tu do, thdi gian tdi, viec tap trung giai quyet van de kinh te va xa hoi cho khu vuc nong thon can dupe uu tien chien luge phat trien kinh te xa hoi, nhat la chien luge dau tu nguon tai chinh d nude ta •NOI DUNG CAC CHINH SACH XA •HOI NONG THON CHU YEU VA NHUNG NHAN TO ANH HUONG DEN VIEC XAY DUNG, 1.2 HOAN THIEN • CHINH SACH XA HOl • NONG THON r 1.2.1 Noi dung cac chinh sach xa hoi nong thon chii yeu CSXH cd pham vi rong, nghien cuu cua de tai chi tap trung vao CSXH ve khia canh kinh te, dugc ap dung khu vuc nong thon va ddi tugng true tiep cua nd la ndng dan; la van de viec lam, XDGN, ASXH va cung cap cac dich vu xa hoi ccx ban cho ndng dan nhu cac chinh sach giao due cap va xoa tai mil cho ngudi dan, chinh sach cham soc sue khoe cong dong va cham soc sue khoe vi nien, chinh sach cung cap nude sach cho ngudi dan 1.2.1.1 Chinh sach viec lam, thu nhap cho lao dong ndng thon 1.2.1.2 Chinh sach xoa ddi giam ngheo cho khu vuc ndng thon 1.2.1.3 Chinh sach an sinh xa hoi cho khu vuc ndng thon iv I.2.I.4 Chinh sach cung cap dich vu xa hoi co’ ban doi vdi nong thon 1.2.2 Cac nhan to anh huong den viec xay dung va hoan thien chinh sach xa hoi nong thon Cho den nay, van de cac nhan to anh huong den viec xay dirng va hoan thien CSXH cung chua dugc de cap nhieu d nude ta Tuy nhien, cd the noi rang, muon thuc hien CSXH nong dan d nude ta, can phai tao lap nhung dieu kien ca nhan, dieu kien nude va quoc te 1.2.2.1 Dieu kien • kinh te - xa hoi • 1.2.2.2 Dieu kien ve luat phap 1.2.23 Dieu kien • ve to chuc trien khai thuc • hien • 1.2.2.4 Cac dieu kien khac 13 KINH NGHIEM XAY DUNG VA THUC HIEN CHINH SACH XA HOI • NONG THON O MOT • SO DIA • PHUONG TRONG NUOC 13.1 Kinh nghiem mot so dia phuong nuoc 13.1.1 Chinh sach viec lam dtinh Vinh Phuc 13.1.2 Chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo dtinh Tuyen Quang 13.13 Chinh sach an sinh xa hoi Chinh sach BHXH nong dan d tinh Nghe An Chinh sach BHYT nong dan d tinh Bac Ninh 13.2 Bai hoc kinh nghiem chung 13.2.1 Bai hoc kinh nghiem ve xay dung noi dung chinh sach xa hoi nong thon 13.2.2 Bai hoc ve tao lap moi trudng, dieu kien thuc hien chinh sach xa hoi nong thon 105 dich vu thi lai phai len huyen mdi co the dang ky va nop phi theo dinh ky Dac biet, hien tram y te xa da dupe chi tra kham, chua benh BHYT thi van de can co can bo BHXH d tuyen xa lai cang trd nen cap thiet hon bao gid het de kiem soat viec thuc hien kham, chua benh BHYT cua can bo, nhan vien y te tuyen xa Chinh viec khong cd can bo BHXH d tuyen xa cd the tao ke hd de r r r r mot so can bo, nhan vien y te thieu y due lpi dung toan khong BHYT va r •> r r mot so ngudi dan cung lpi dung chinh sach uu dai cua Nha nudc de lay thuoc khong cd benh thuc su Vdi so lupng the BHYT dang ky kham chua benh d tuyen xa tren dia ban tinh Bac Giang la tren 300.000 the thi viec that thoat khong cd ngudi kiem soat se la rat ldn Cung chinh tu quy dinh y te tuyen xa dupc chi tra kham, chua benh BHYT nen so lupng ngudi dan den kham, chua benh tai tuyen tang dot bien, so lupng, chat lupng nhan vien y te khong tang kip so vdi yeu cau Trudc tinh hinh do, cac co quan chuc nang can sdm xay dung co cau va tuyen dung du can bo, nhan vien y te ve cong tac tai tram y te cac xa Ddi vdi nganh giao due, nhu da de cap d cac phan tren, viec thieu, thira giao vien d mot so bo mon, mot so giai doan cu the da dan den chat lupng giao x r r r due nhieu han che, nhat la ddi vdi khu vuc ndng thdn, khu vuc luon thiet thoi hon thi De khac phuc tinh trang nay, nganh giao due can chu tri, phoi hpp vdi cac co quan lien quan nhu noi vu va uy ban nhan dan cac huyen, phd xay dung co cau, sd lupng giao vien cho tung trudng de tung buoc hoan thien dpi ngu can bo quan ly va giao vien cua nganh Uy ban nhan dan tinh can xem xet lai viec phan cong nhiem vu thuc hien cac buoc tuyen dung, dieu chuyen, bo nhiem can bo, giao vien cua nganh giao due cho hpp ly, dam bao quyen chu dong cho nganh giao due, nganh noi vu chi lam chuc nang quan ly nha nudc ve cong tac tuyen dung, bo nhiem, dieu chuyen thi hpp ly va hieu qua hon nhu hien 106 3.2.3 Nhom giai phap ve lit) tro’ cua Nha n u’Nc viec cung cap tai chinh thuc thi cCirC sach xa hoi nong thon Van de then chot o day la phai sdm xem xet lai tinh chat NSNN va doi mdi ca cau thu, chi Theo tac gia, can sdm chuyen tinh chat ngan sach duoc xay dung tren co so phuc vu san xuat sang mot ngan sach phuc vu cho muc tieu cong cong Day la van de ldn, can duoc nghien cuu day du mot chuong trinh khac Trong pham vi de tai nay, tac gia khuyen nghi mot so van de sau day: r \ r \ r ? Trudc het, ve co cau chi NSNN, can chuyen hudng tu uu tien toc tang chi \ r cho dau tu phat trien nhanh hon toc tang chi thuong xuyen hien sang uu tien r \ r r cho toc chi thudng xuyen tang nhanh hon toc chi cho dau tuphat trien; tiep tuc tang ty le chi NSNN cho giao duc thong, cham soc suc khoe va mdi trudng Vdi ty le khoang 30% NSNN chi cho dau tu phat trien tri khoang thdi gian dai nhu hien lam cho 'chi tieu cua NSNN gap kho khan, nhat la cho cac muc tieu quoc gia nhu giao duc thong, y te, nudc sach, suc khoe ngudi lao dong Viec giam dau tu cho phat trien se tao co hoi cho Nha nudc ta chuyen dich nguon tai chinh sang giai quyet nhung van de xa hoi noi chung, CSXH cho khu vuc nong thon noi rieng, giup cho ngudi dan co nhieu co hoi hon de tiep can vdi giao duc, duoc bao ve suc khoe va song moi trudng lanh Giam dau tu nha nudc khong co nghia la lam giam toc tang truong va phat trien cua nen kinh te Boi le, di lien vdi chinh sach phat trien nen kinh te nhieu phan, tao moi trudng kinh doanh tu do, viec giam dau tu Nha nudc se tao dong luc khuyen khich tang dau tu tu nhan, khu vuc co kha nang r cong va dat hieu qua kinh te cao hon X / Z x Thu hai, co cau thu, can chu y cai thien nguon thu tu thue, dac biet * r * r , coi thue thu nhap ca nhan Phai tien tdi thuc hien nguyen tac la moi ngudi x r x z lao dong co thu nhap nen kinh te deu phai co trach nhiem dong thue cho 107 nha nuoc Muon vay, chung ta phai tien hanh cai each chinh sach tien luong hien hanh Da nhieu lan Nha nudc ta de cap den van de nay, nhung nhan thuc van de r ■x r r \ chua day du, do chua co su thong nhat Dieu gay su can tro rat ldn cho su phat trien hien nay, la hau thuan cho nhung tieu cue xa hoi nhu tham nhung, la mdi trudng nuoi duong sir phan hoa bat binh dang Chinh vi the, da den luc khong the liii duoc nua, Nha nudc can cd chuong trinh cai each tien luong, cho tien luong phan anh dung thu nhap cua ngudi lam cong an luong d nudc ta hien Thic ba, nghien cun xay dung chinh sach thu nhap cho ngudi ndng dan cd su ho tra tir NSNN Trong dieu kien hoi nhap quoc te, van de tro gia nong san pham se vi pham thong le quoc te Song cac nudc deu cd nhung phuong phap khac de tro gia san pham nong nghiep: Cac nudc EU ho tro true tiep theo don vi dien tich dat va dau gia sue cua ho nong dan, Hoa ky khong theo phuong phap do, X X A r nhu lai bang cac chinh sach khac nhu tang chi tieu ve ASXH, ve y te va giao due cho ngudi dan noi chung va ndng dan noi rieng Vi the, ddi vdi kien nudc ta, can nghien cuu de sdm cd chinh sach thu nhap nham ho tro cho ngudi ndng dan 3.2.4 Nhom giai phap da dang hoa phuong thirc thuc hien chinh sach xa hoi ndng thdn Thu nhat, md rong xa hoi hoa viec giai quyet cac van de xa hoi ndng thdn vdi vai tro nong cot cua Nha nudc bang cac co chd, chinh sach, tang ddu tu, xay dung md hinh hieu qua; thuc hien tot dan chu co sd, cong khai hoa, minh bach hoa; dong vien toan xa hoi va cac ca nhan, to chuc tham gia giai quyet cac vdn de xa hoi ndng thdn dudi nhieu hinh thuc de tang them nguon lire giai quydt cac van de xa hoi ndng thdn theo hudng ben vung Hop tac va thu hut sir tham gia duoc cac to chuc xa hoi, cac to chuc phi chinh phu vao viec thuc hien cac CSXH ndng thdn va su dung tdi da sue manh 108 cua cong dong (cac to chuc xa hoi, cac hoi nghe nghiep, hoi tu thien va cac to chuc ngudi dan tu lap nhu: nhom, to muc tieu; nhom to tuong ho ) Phat huy va su dung toi da suc manh cua cong dong la yeu to khong kem phan quan doi voi ket qua trien khai cac CSXH nong thon Vi chi co thong qua cac to chuc cua chinh ho thi cac chinh sach moi den dung doi tuong va co hieu qua Day chinh la thuc hien nguyen tac xa hoi hoa cong tac xa hoi va dan r yr? chu hoa doi song xa hoi Tu can thiet phai phoi hop chat che giua cac co quan quan ly chuong trinh, du an voi cac to chuc xa hoi cua quan chung (Doan Thanh men, Phu nu, Cong doan, Hoi nong dan ), coi vai tro cua cac hoi, cac to chuc phi chinh phu viec tham gia thuc hien chuong trinh Thic hai, nghien cuu tung buoc hinh he thong cung cap dich vu xa hoi, nhat la dich vu xa hoi co ban noi chung, cho nong thon noi rieng qua trinh phat trien xa hoi dan su, tren co so phan ro trach nhiem cua Nha nuoc lam cai gi va lam den dau, chuyen giao hoac uy thac cho cac doi tac xa hoi (to chuc quan chung, to chuc phi chinh phu) cung cap den dau va dich vu nao co the giao cho khu vuc tu nhan cung cap (giao duc, day nghe, dich vu viec lam, xuat khau lao dong, cham soc cac doi tuong CSXH ) voi su quan ly, kiem soat chat che cua Nha nuoc de han che toi da that thoat Chuong trinh du an trien khai cac CSXH nong thon duoc van hanh thong qua he thong dich vu su nghiep Quy mo lon hay, nho cua he thong thuoc vao quy mo trien khai cua chuong trinh va sd luong ddi tuong huong loi tu CSXH Phat huy cao cac gia tri van hoa va tam linh cua dan toc, truyen thong yeu nuoc va cach mang cua ngudi dan nong thon; xay dung va phat huy he thong gia tri va chuan muc gia tri moi cua xa hoi nong thon phuc vu cho su nghiep phat trien nong thon theo huong CNH, HDH va hoi nhap 109 Thu ba, da dang hoa hinh thuc dau tu- de thuc hien cac chuong trinh cung cap dich vu cong cho nong thon, can huy dong tu nhieu nguon von, ke ca von dan, von Nha nuoc va von nuoc ngoai Can co sir nd luc phoi hop tai tro, cap von cho viec thuc hien chien luoc nay, dong thoi can xem xet kip thoi giai phap tu nhan phat trien va cung cap dich vu cdng cho khu vuc ndng thon a r r > Can khuyen khich day manh long ghep cac chuong trinh cung cap dich vu cdng cho khu vuc ndng thon vcxi cac dir an khac nhu chuong trinh 135, chuong trinh xay dung trung tam cum xa, du an dinh canh dinh cu, dong gop tu von ngan sach dia phuong, Nghien cuu va dua vao thu nghiem nguyen tac chia se chi phi, gan trach nhiem voi loi ich cong dong, nguoi sir dung va quan ly, van hanh va tu cdng trinh thuoc linh vuc cung cap dich vu cdng d ndng thon Thu- tu-, Ngan hang CSXH va cac td chuc tin dung tich cue td chuc, van at dong, khai thac hieu qua cac nguon von nhan roi dan cu tren dia ban; tranh thu nguon von cua cac td chuc tin dung Trung uong, nguon Quy Quoc gia giai quyet viec lam; nguon tai tro quoc te va cac chuong trinh hop tac quoc te ve xoa ddi, giam ngheo de huy dong them von tin dung cho Chuong trinh giam ngheo cua tinh; hang nam, ngan sach cac cap trich mot phan bo sung cho nguon von Ngoai ra, can tiep tuc day manh cac hinh thuc giup ve von san xuat cac doan the nhan dan; tri thuc hien tot "Quy vi nguoi ngheo", mang ludi "td tiet kiem- tin dung", "td tuong tro"; quy tin dung cho nguoi ngheo voi quy md vira va nho d cap co so 3.2.5 Mot so giai phap khac A Tuyen truyen de nang cao nhan thuc, thai va dong thuan xa hoi trudc het la cua cac can bo lanh dao, quan ly cac cap, cac nganh d ca Trung uong, dia phuong va cua ngudi dan ndng thon doi vdi van dd quan tam trien khai thuc hien va tung buoc hoan thien CSXH ndng thon Viec tao nhan thuc mdi va dong thuan xa hoi ve vdn de thuc hien va hoan thien CSXH ndng thon se cd vai tro quan tao nhung dong luc mdi viec huy dong moi nguon lire cd 110 9 • the dua vao thuc hien CSXH nong thon triet de hon nhung nam tdi, vi nhan thuc dieu chinh hanh vi Nhan thuc day du ve tam quan cua van de thuc hien CSXH ndng thdn can duoc hieu mot each sau sac rang: su ton tai va phat trien ben vung cua mot xa hoi phu thuoc rat nhieu khong chi vao tang trudng kinh te cao, ma phu thuoc vao su phan phoi cua cai lam giua cac nhom dan cu xa hoi Mot nhung diem quan cua viec xac lap X X nhan thuc dung va ddng thuan ve thuc hien CSXH d cac vung ndng thdn la phai gan chat trach nhiem cua Dang, chinh quyen, cac to chuc doan the va toan the nhan dan dia phuong Can cd co che quan ly, khuyen khich ndng dan "don dien, doi thua", phan dau de mdi ho cd 1-2 thua ruong; khuyen khich viec cho thud hoac chuyen nhupng ruong dat nhung de san xuat, nham day nhanh qua trinh tich tu ruong dat X r r d ndng thdn, tao dieu kien hinh cac trang trai quy md ldn, san xuat khoi luong hang hoa ldn, tao them nhieu viec lam va thu nhap cho cu dan ndng dan Nhung noi cd dien tich dat rung ldn nhu Bac Giang can khan truong xem xet, quy hoach lai dat rung theo hudng md rong dien tich rung kinh te; thu hoi dien tich rung da giao cho cac cong ty lam nghiep nhung cac cong ty quan ly khong hieu qua (da sd thieu nhan luc, binh quan mot cong nhan quan ly tren 50 ha) de giao true tiep cho tung ho dan trong, cham soc, bao ve va hudng lpi Qua nang cao hieu qua su dung dat lam nghiep, tich cue gop phan XDGN cho nhan dan vung mien nui, vung sau, vung xa cua tinh Cd co che khuyen khich nhung nguoi chua xay dung gia dinh, han che nhung ngudi da lap gia dinh di xuat khau lao dong dd giam thidu phat sinh nhung van dd tieu cue cua “hau xuat khau lao dong” Md rong quy md dao tao, nang cao chat lupng day nghe dai han, day ngoai ngu cho ngudi di xuat khau lao dong; nhung nghe can quan tam dau tu, khuyen khich ngudi hoc dd dap ung yeu cau cua thi trudng va giup ngudi lao dong nudc ngoai cd the cd dupc thu nhap kha va on dinh nhu: y te, dien tu, xay dung, co Ill Bay manh thuc hien viec chuyen doi loai hinh trudng, lop hien co theo Nghi quyet so 05/2005/NQ-CP cua Chinh phu; chuyen mot so trudng cong lap trudng ngoai cong lap co su ho trp cua Nha nuoc co du didu kien Cac trudng ngoai cong lap dupc uu tien thue dat va vay von voi lai suat uu dai de xay dung trudng hoc 112 KET LUAN Trong cac van kien quan cua Dang nhu Nghi quyet Dai hoi Dang toan quoc lan thu X, Nghi quyet so 26-NQ/TW cua Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Dang tai ky hop lan thu bay (khoa X) deu khang dinh ndng nghiep, ndng dan, ndng thdn cd vi tri chien luoc su nghiep CNH-HDH, xay dung va bao ve To quoc, la co so va luc luong quan de phat trien kinh te - xa hoi ben vung, giu vung on dinh chinh tri, dam bao an ninh, quoc phong; giu gin, phat huy ban sac van hoa dan toc va bao ve mdi truong sinh thai cua dat nudc Cac r \ r y r van de ndng nghiep, ndng dan, ndng thdn phai dupc giai quyet ddng bo, gan vdi qua trinh day manh CNH-HDH dat nudc ve giao due, y te, sue khoe, van hoa, ASXH, XDGN, mdi trudng da gop phan nang cao chat luong cuoc song cua cu dan ndng thdn, giup cu dan ndng thdn co dieu kien tiep can va hudng thu nhung tien bo cua xa hoi Tuy nhien, viec xay dung va thuc hien CSXH ndng thdn d nudc ta van XX X X •> nhieu han che, chua dap ung dupc yeu cau chien luoc day manh CNH-HDH, xay dung nudc ta mot nudc dan giau, nudc manh, xa hoi cong bang, dan chu va van minh Cho den nay, Viet Nam van chua cd he thong CSXH rieng doi vdi ndng thdn Cac dieu kien thuc hien CSXH ndng thdn rat kho khan Chinh vi the, nhung nam tdi, can nhan thuc lai tam quan cua CSXH chinh tri, van hoa doi vdi ngudi dan ndng thdn, nhdm giup cho ngudi dan ndng thdn hoa nhap vao cuoc song cong ddng Tuy nhien, trudc mdt edn tap trung hoan thien cac CSXH co lien quan den phat trien kinh te Theo do, can tidp tuc giai quyet tot viec lam, dam bao viec lam mang tinh nhan van va cd thu nhap cao cho ngudi ndng dan, tiep tuc giam manh tinh trang doi ngheo ndng thdn, thuc hien XDGN tren dien rong, gan lien vdi dam bao cong bang xa hoi va phat 113 trien ben vung, md rong mang ludi bao phu ve ASXH cho ngudi dan nong thon, dam bao ngudi nong dan duoc tiep can nhung dich vu co ban ve giao duc, y te, moi trudng binh dang vdi ngudi dan d khu vuc khac Muon vay, can tiep tuc tao dong luc thuc day su phat trien manh me cua kinh te nong thon, tang cudng cong tac dao tao de ngudi dan nong thon co viec lam day du, vdi thu nhap cang cao dam bao cuoc song vat chat cho ban than va gia dinh Phai tang cudng vai tro cua Nha nudc, dac biet la phai dieu r r \ r chinh co cau thu, chi NSNN phu hop vdi co cau ngan sach cua mot nen kinh te thi trudng, nghien cuu, xay dung chinh sach dam bao thu thap cho ngudi nong dan, tang cudng he thong luat phap dam bao luat hoa cac CSXH nong thon Tang cudng cong tac to chuc, quan ly nham xay dung va to chuc thuc hien CSXH noi chung, CSXH nong thon noi rieng Dong thdi, da dang hoa viec thuc hien CSXH nong thon, xay dung co che huy dong luc luong toan xa hoi va phat huy cao su tham gia cua ngudi dan vao xay dung va thuc hien CSXH nong thon 114 DANH MUC • TAI LIEU • THAM KHAO Ban Chi dao Bao ve va cham soc sue khoe nhan dan tinh Bac Giang (2007), Bao cao so ket thuc hien Ke hoach so 15/KH-UB ve viec xay dung chuan r \ r r a quoc gia vey te xa, Bac Giang Ban Chi dao Tong dieu tra nong thon, nong nghiep va thuy san tinh Bac Giang (2006), So lieu tong dieu tra ndng thdn, ndng nghiep va thuy san tinh Bac Giang 2001 - 2006, Bac Giang Ban Tu tuong - Van hoa Trung uong (2006), Chuyen de nghien cuu r t r r Nghi quyet Dai hoi X cua Ddng, Nhd xuat ban Chinh tri Quoc gia, Ha Noi Bao hiem xa hoi tinh Bac Giang (2006), Bao cao ket qua trien khai thuc hien chinh sach BHYT (2005-2006), Bac Giang r •> r Bao hiem xa hoi tinh Bac Giang (2007), Bao cao tong ket cong tac nam 2006; phuong huong, nhiem vu nam 2007, Bac Giang Bao hiem xa hoi tinh Bac Giang (2008), Bao cao tong ket nam 2007 va phuong hudng, nhiem vu nam 2008, Bac Giang Bao hiem xa hoi tinh Bac Ninh (2007), Bao cao tong ket nam 2006 va phuong hudng, nhiem vu nam 2007, Bac Ninh Bao hiem xa hoi tinh Bac Ninh (2008), Bao cao tong kdt nam 2007 va phuong hudng, nhiem vu nam 2008, Bac Ninh, Bac Ninh Bo Giao due va Bao tao (2006), Giao trinh Kinh te chinh tri Mac - Le r r Nin, Nhd xuat ban Chinh tri Quoc gia, Ha Noi 10 Cue Thong ke tinh Bac Giang (2008), Ket qua khao sat muc song ho gia dinh qua cac nam 2002, 2004, 2006 tinh Bdc Giang, Bdc Giang 11 Cue Thong ke tinh Bac Giang (2008), Nien giam thong ke tinh Bdc Giang 2007, Nhd xuat ban Thong ke, Ha Noi 115 12 GS, TS Mai Ngoc Cuong (2006), Chinh scich xa hoi ndng thon, kinh nghiem Cong hoa lien bang Due va thuc tien Viet Nam, Nha xuat ban Ly luan chinh tri, Ha Noi 13 Le Vinh Danh (2002), Chinh sach cdng cua Hoa Ky giai doan 1935 - 2001, Nha xuat ban Thong ke, Ha Noi 14 Dang Cong san Viet Nam (2006), Van kien Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc ldn thuX, Nha xuat ban Chinh tri Quoc gia, Ha Noi 15 TS Bui Ha, Thuc day tang trudng kinh te cao, ben vung, tao tien de vung chac cho qua trinh xoa doi, giam ngheo, Website: www.vnep.org.vn 16 Hoi dong nhan dan tinh VTnh Phuc (2007), Nghi quyet sd 16/2007/NQ-HDND ve Chuong trinh giam ngheo, gidi quyet viec lam giai doan 2007-2010, VTnh Phuc 17 Hoi Nong dan xa Dai Hoa, huyen Tan Yen (2008), Bao cao cua Ban Chap hanh Hoi Ndng dan xa Dai Hod khoa tai Dai hoi Dai bieu Hoi Ndng dan giua nhiem ky 2007 — 2012, Bac Giang 18 Thoi Le Kim (2003), WTO va cuoc mini sinh cua ngudi dan Trung Quoc, Nha xuat ban tre, TP Ho Chi Minh 19 So Giao due va Dao tao Bac Giang (2008), Bao cao tinh hinh thuc r hien Nghi quyet Dai hoi Dang bo tinh lan thuXVI, Bac Giang 20 So Giao due va Dao tao Bac Giang (2008), Bao cao tong ket nam hoc 2007 — 2008; sa ket thuc hien Chuang trinh Phat trien giao due — dao tao va day > r x nghe, nang cao chat luong nguon nhan luc giai doan 2006 - 2010; phuong hudng, nhiem vu nam hoc 2008 - 2009, Bac Giang 21 So Lao dong - TB&XH VTnh Phuc (2008), Bao cao ket qua cdng tac dao tao nghe tu nam 2006 den nay, VTnh Phuc 22 So Lao dong - TB&XH Tuyen Quang (2006), Bao cao ket qua thuc 116 hien Chuong trinh xoa ddi, giam ngheo tinh Tuyen Quang giai doan 2001 2005, Tuyen Quang 23 Sa Lao dong - TB&XH Bac Giang (2006), Bao cao tinh hinh thuc hien cong tac xuat khau lao dong giai doan 2001 - 2005; phuong huong, nhiem vu giai doan 2006 - 2010, Bac Giang 24 Sd Lao dong - TB&XH Bac Giang (2008), Bao cao cong tac quan ly nha nude ve hoat dong dua ngudi lao dong di lam viec d nudc ngoai, Bac Giang So Lao dong - TB&XH Bac Giang (2008), Bao cao tong quan day nghe dap ung nhu cau doanh nghiep thdi gian qua - dinh hudng, gidi phap cho nhung nam tdi, Bac Giang So Lao dong - TB&XH Bac Giang (2008), Bao cao tinh hinh thuc hien cong tac day nghe giai doan 1998 - 2007; phuong hudng, nhiem vu giai doan 2008 - 2010, Bac Giang 27 So Nong nghiep va PTNT Vinh Phuc (2008), Bao cao tinh hinh thuc hien Nghi quyet so 03-NQ/TU cua BCH Ddng bo tinh khoa XIV ve phat trien ndng nghiep, ndng thdn, ndng cao ddi song ndng dan giai doan 2006 - 2010, dinh hudng den nam 2020, Vinh Phuc 28 So Y te Bac Giang (2008), Bao cao tinh hinh thuc hien Nghi quyet Dai hoi Ddng bo tinh ldn thuXVI, Bac Giang 29 PTS Bui Ngoc Thanh, PTS Nguyen Huu Dung, PTS Pham Do Nhat Tan (1996), Nghien cuu chinh sach xa hoi ndng thon Viet Nam, Nha xuat ban Chinh tri Quoc gia, Ha Noi 30 Phan Anh Tuan (2006), Chinh sach bao hiem xa hoi ndng dan Nghe An, Nghe An 31 Tinh uy Bac Giang (2008), Bao cao ddnh gid, kiem diem giua nhiem 117 ky Dai hoi Ddng bo tinh ldn thu XVI, Bac Giang 32 Tinh uy Bac Giang (2006), Van kien Dai hoi Dai bieu Ddng bo tinh ldn thii XVI, Bac Giang 33 Tinh uy Bac Giang (2001), Cac chuong trinh phat trien kinh te - xa hoi giai doan 2001 - 2005 thuc hien Nghi quyet Dai hoi Ddng bo tinh ldn thu XV, Bac Giang 34 Tinh uy Bac Giang (2006), Chuong trinh phat trien kinh te - xa hoi tam, giai doan 2006 - 2010 thuc hien Nghi quyet Dai hoi Dai bieu Ddng bo tinh ldn thuXVI, Bac Giang 35 Tinh uy Bac Giang (2003), Nghi quyet so 165-NQ/TU cua cua Ban Thuong vu Tinh uy ve tang cudng cong tac cham soc va bao ve sue khoe nhan dan den nam 2010, Bac Giang •> r r 36 Tong cue Thong ke (2008), Dong thdi va thuc trang kinh te - xa hoi 2001 - 2005, Nha xuat ban Thong ke, Ha Noi 37 Trung tam Nuoc sinh hoat va ve sinh moi truang nong thon Bac Giang (2006), Bao cao tong ket cong tac nam 2006; phuong hudng, nhiem vu r nam 2007, Bac Giang 38 Trung tam Nudc sinh hoat va ve sinh mdi trudng ndng thdn Bac Giang (2007), Bao cao tong ket cong tac nam 2007; phuong hudng, nhiem vu nam 2008, Bac Giang 39 Uy ban nhan dan tinh Bac Giang (2005), Bao cao ket qua thuc hien Chuong trinh muc tieu Quoc gia nudc sach va ve sinh mdi trudng ndng thdn giai doan 1999 - 2005; de xuat ke hoach giai doan 2006 - 2010, Bac Giang 40 Uy ban nhan dan tinh Tuyen Quang (2008), Bao cao ket qua thuc hien Chuong trinh giam ngheo nam (2006 — 2007); phuong hudng, nhiem vu thuc hien Chuong trinh giam ngheo den 2010, Tuyen Quang 118 41 Uy ban nhan dan tinh Bac Giang (2008), Bcio ccio so ket hon nam thuc hien Chuong trinh phat trien san xuat nong nghiep hang hod theo Nghi r ' ' quyet Dai hoi Dang bo tinh lan thu- XVI, Bac Giang r a 42 Uy ban nhan dan tinh Bac Giang (2006), Bao cao ket qua Chuong trinh muc tieu xoa doi, giam ngheo tinh Bac Giang giai doan (2001 - 2005), Bac Giang 43 Uy ban nhan dan tinh Bac Giang (2008), Bao cao ve tinh hinh kinh te xa hoi giai doan 2001 - 2005; phuong huong, nhiem vu giai doan 2006 - 2010, Bac Giang A A 44 Uy ban nhan dan tinh Bac Giang (2008), Bao cao sa ket nam thuc hien Chuong trinh giam ngheo giai doan 2006 - 2010 theo Nghi quyet Dai hoi Dang bo tinh ldn thuXVI, Bac Giang A A 45 Uy ban nhan dan tinh Bac Giang (2008), Bao cao sa ket hon nam thuc hien Chuong trinh phat trien kinh te - xa hoi tam theo Nghi quyet Dai hoi Dang bo tinh lan thuXVI, Bac Giang 46 Uy ban nhan dan tinh Bac Giang (2008), Bao cao tong ket nam thuc hien Quyet dinh 13 4/QD-TTg (2004-2008) va sa ket nam thuc hien Chuong trinh 135 giai doan II (2006-2008) tren dia ban tinh Bac Giang, Bac Giang 47 Uy ban nhan dan tinh Bac Giang (2008), Bao cao so kdt thuc hien Chuong trinh phat trien giao due - dao tao va day nghe, ndng cao chat luong nguon nhan luc giai doan 2006 - 2010, Bac Giang 48 Uy ban nhan dan tinh Bac Giang (2007), De an so 34/DA-UBND v( r •} r r xuat khau lao dong tinh Bac Giang giai doan 2007 - 2010, Bac Giang 49 Uy ban nhan dan tinh BSc Giang (2004), Ke hoach so 15/HH-UB ve viec xay dung xa dat chuan quoc gia ve' y te ddn nam 2010 tinh Bdc Giang, BSc Giang 119 50 Uy ban nhan dan tinh Bac Ninh (2006), Quyet dinh so 16/QD-UBND ve viec ho tro' kinh phi cho ddi two'ng can ngheo tham gia bao hiem y te tu nguyen, Bac Ninh 51 Uy ban nhan dan tinh Nghe An (1998), Quyet dinh so 1210/1998/QD- UB ve viec ban hanh Dieu le tam thdi Bao hiem xa hoi ndng dan Nghe An, Nghe An 52 Uy ban nhan dan tinh Nghe An (2001), Quyet dinh sd 32/2001/QD/UB y y ? ve viec ban hanh Dieu le Bao hiem xa hoi ndng dan, Nghe An, Nghe An 53 Vien Khoa hoc xa hoi Viet Nam (2006), Bao cao cap nhat ngheo 2006, Ngheo va giam ngheo d Viet Nam giai doan 1993 - 2004, Ha Noi 54 Vien Nghien curu quan ly kinh te Trung uong, Ndng thdn va ndng Viet Nam cong cuoc phat trien ben vung, Website: www.vnep.org.vn 55 Vien Nghien cuu quan ly kinh te Trung trong, Tro giup ngudi ngheo, ngudi can ngheo va ngudi de bi ton thuang cong cuoc chong lam phat cao va on dinh kinh te vi md, Website: www.vnep.org.vn