Thu hút đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài vào tỉnh quảng ninh đến năm 2015

3626 LV ThS DHKTQD TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN ■ ■ - - NGO QUANG LONG DAI HOC KTQD TT THONG TIN THU'VIEN PHONG LUAN AN-TVLIEU THU HUT DAU TIT TRI/C TIEP NUtfC NGOAI VAO TINH QUANG NINH DEN NAM 2015 CHUYfiN NGANH: KINH t£ D(5l NGOAI LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE • • Ngtfdi hitdng dan khoa hoc: TS MAI NGOC LAN TfiS\ idZb HA AOI, XVI 2009 -4 MUC LUC • • DANH MUC CAC BANG, BIEU DO TOM TAT LU AN VAN PHAN MO DAU CHUONG I: KHAI QUAT VE DAU TU' TRUC TIEP NUOC NGOAI 1.1 DAU TU’ TRUC TIEP NU'dC NGOAI VA CAC HINH THlTC DAU TU TRUC TIEP NUOC NGOAI 1.1.1 Khai niem va dac diem ciia dau tir true tiep niroc ngoai 1.1.1.1 Khai niem r \ 1.1.1.2 Dac client cua dau tu' true tiep nude ngoai r r 1.1.2 Cac hinh thiic chii yeii cua dau tu true tiep nude ngoai 1.1.2.1 Doanh nghiep dau tu' 100% von nude ngoai .8 1.1.2.2 Doanh nghiep lien doanh 1.1.2.3 Dau tu tren co' so' hop dong: BCC, BOT, BTO, BT 11 1.1.2.4 Mot so hinh thuc dau tu' khde .13 1.2 VAI TRO DAU TU TRUC TIEP NUOC NGOAI DOI VOl TINH QUANG NINH 15 1.2.1 Bu dap su’ thieu hut von dau tu-, gop phan tao dong luc cho tang truong va phat trien kinh te cua Tinh 15 r x •> > r 1.2.2 Giai quyet viec lam, gop phan phat trien nguon nhan luc, tiep thu nhung thank tuu khoa hoc, cong nghe tien tien 16 1.2.3 Chuyen dich co’ cau kinh te ciia Quang Ninh theo huong cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa 17 1.2.4 Tang thu ngoai te, gop phan bo sung quan cho NSNN tinh Quang Ninh 18 1.2.5 Mot so hieu qua kinh te - tai chinh, xa hoi khac 19 1.3 MOT SO LY THU YET VE DAU TU QUOC TE 20 1.3.1 Ly thuyet ich loi can bien 20 1.3.2 Ly thuyet chu ki song quoc te cua san pham 20 1.3.3 Loi the dac biet cua cac cong ty da quoc gia 21 1.3.4 Tiep can thi truong va giam xung dot thuong mai 21 1.3.5 Khai thac chuyen gia va cong nghe 22 r * a x j a • a ■ •a ■ •a 1^ s nr'" a 3.6 Tiep can nguon tai nguyen thien nhien 22 1.4 LOI THE VA HAN CHE CUA TINH QUANG NINH VE THU HUT DAU T^ TRUC TIEP NU’OC NGOAI 22 1.4.1 Loi the cua tinh Quang Ninh ve thu hut dau tu truc tiep nuoc ngoai 22 1.4.2 Han che cua tinh Quang Ninh ve thu hut dau tu true tiep nuvc ngoai 23 1.5 KINH NGHIEM THU HUT DAU TU TRUC TIEP NU’Oc NGOAI CUA MOT SO TINH, THANH PHO LAN CAN VA BAI HOC KINH NGHIEM RUT RA CHO TINH QUANG NINH 25 1.5.1 Kinh nghiem thu hut dau tu ti^i^c tiep nuo’c ngoai cua mot so tinh, 25 1.5.1.1 Thanh Hdi phong 25 1.5.1.2 Tinh Hdi Diro’ng 26 1.5.1.3 Tinh Wnh Phuc 28 5.2 Bai hoc kinh nghiem doi vo’i tinli Quang Ninh 30 CHUONG 2: THUC TRANG THU HUT DAU TU TRUC TIEP NUOC NGOAI VAO TiNH QUANG NINH 32 2.1 MOI TRUING DAU TU TAI QUANG NINH 32 2.1.1 Hieu kien tu ghieg va vi tri dia ly cua tinh Qungh Ninh 32 2.1.1.1 Ve dieu kien tu nhien 32 2.1.1.2 Ve vi tri dia ly33 2.1.2 Tinh hinh phat trien kinh te, xa hoi cua tinh Quango Ninh 34 2.2 THU’C TRANG THU HUT DAU TU’ TRUC I IEP NUOC NGOAI VAO QUANG NINH THdl GIAN VITA QUA 36 r 2.2.1 Chi'nh sach thu hut dau tu- true tiep nude ngoai cua tinh Quang a Ninh 36 2.2.1.1 Phat trien co' so’ tang 36 2.2.1.2 Mot so uu dai ve time ddt 41 2.2.1.3 Mot so uu dai ve thue 43 r a 2.2.1.4 Phat trien nguon nhan luc, cung cap doi ngu lao dong tay A A F nghe cao cho cac doanh nghiep dau tie true tiep nud'c ngoai 44 r \ r 2.2.1.5 Xue tien thu hut dau tu' true tiep nud’c ngoai 45 2.2.1.6 Cac chinh sack khde 46 2.2.2 Tinh hinh thu hut dau tu- true tiep nude ngoai tai Quang Ninh 46 2.2.2.1 Toe thu hut dau tic true tiep nud'c ngoai 46 2.2.2.2 Doi tdc dau tie 48 2.2.2.3 Linh vuc dau tie 49 2.2.2.4 Hinh thue dau tie 49 2.2.2.5 Co' cau viing 50 2.3 DANH GIA CHUNG VE TINH HINH THU HUT DAU TU' TRUC TIEP NUOC NGOAI VAO QUANG NINH 50 2.3.1 Nhung uu diem chu yeu 50 r r 2.3.1.1 Dau tie true tiep nud'c ngoai tao nguon von cho phat trien r r kinh te va gia tang nling luc san xudt cho Tinh 50 a a a f a •? f 2.3.1.2 Dau tu' true tiep nud’c ngoai gop phan chuyen dich co’ cau kinh te ciia Tinh theo hud’ng edng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa 52 2.3.1.3 Thue day dp dung tien bo khoa hoc ky thuat, edng nghe, kinh nghiem qudn ly tien tien 54 2.31.4 Dau tu truc tiep nuoc ngoai md rong thi trudng xuat khau 55 yr yr 2.31.5 Dau tu true tiep nuoc ngoai gop phan giai quyet viec lam r y cho ngudi lao dong, nang cao chat luong nguon nhan luc 56 yr y 2.31.6 Dau tu true ttep nude ngoon dong gop nguon, thu ngan tach cho tinh Quang Ninh 58 y r y 2.3.2 Nhfrng ton tai cua dau tu’ tru’c tiep nwoc ngoai tai Quang Ninh 59 r \ * 2.3.21 Dau tu tnre ttep nude ngoin chiua co dong gop dang ke cho phat trien cac nganh Nong - lam - ngu nghiep 60 2.3.2.2 Ddi tac dau tu chua da dang 60 r y 2.3.2.3 Cac du an dau tu truc tiep nuoc ngoai hien phu thuoc qua nhieu vao nhqp khau nguyen lieu va ban pham 61 yr y 2.3.2.4 Chua co nhung du an dau tu truc tiep nuoc ngoai dau tu • A A A A A XI chieu sau ve cong nghe 61 2.3.3 Nguyen ghag cua ghngo Ung Uai 62 2.3.31 Ve quy hoach 62 2.3.3.2 ve cu sd tang 62 2.3.3.3 Ve co che, chinh sach 6)3 2.3.3.4 Mot so trd ngai khac 64 CHUONG 3: GIAI PHAP TANG CUdNG THU HUT DAU TU’ TRU’C TIEP NU'OC NGOAI VAO TINH QUANG NINH DEN NAM 2015 .66 3.1 QUAN DIEM, PHUONG HUONG, MUC TIEU CUA TINH QUANG NINH VE THU HUT DAU TU' TRUC TIEP NU’OC NGOAI 66 3.2 GIAI PHAP DOI VdI QUANG NINH TRONG VIEC THU HUT DAU TU’ TRUC TIEP NUOC NGOAI 68 3.2.1 Hoan thien moi truong va chinh sach thu hut dau tu true tiep nuoc ngoai tai Quang Ninh 68 3.2.1.1 Hoan thien moi truong dau tu\ 68 \ r 3.2.1.2 Hoan thien chinh sach thu hut dau tir true tiep nude ngoai 71 3.2.2 Day manh hoat dong xue tien dau tu’ 73 r \ 3.2.3 Nang cao chat Iuong nguon nhan luc 74 r 3.2.4 Tao quy dat sach cho cac du- an dau tu- true tiep nuoc ngoai 77 3.2.5 Cac giai phap khac 78 3.3 MOT SO KIEN NGHI DOI VOl NHA NUdC NHAM TAO DIEU KIEN CHO TINH QUANG NINH TRONG VIEC THU HUT DAU TU’ TRUC TIEP NUOC NGOAI 79 KET LUAN 81 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 82 DANH MUC CAC BANG, BIEU Bieu 2.1: Bien doi ty le GDP cua cac nganh 53 Bieu 2.2: Thu ngan sach dia phuong quan ly a Quang Ninh 59 Bang biSu 2.1: So du an va so von thu hut duoc lien tuc gia tang qua cac nam, cu the nhu sau: 47 Bang bieu 2.2: Phan theo doi tac dau tu giai doan1990 - 2008 48 Bang bieu 2.3: Phan theo linh vuc dau tu 49 Bang bieu 2.4: Ve hinh thuc dau tu 49 Bang bieu 2.5: Ve co cau vung 50 Bang bieu 2.6: GDP giai doan 1995 - 2008phantheo nganh kinh te (tinh theo gia co dinh nam 1994) 53 Bang bieu 2.7: So luong lao dong cac nganh du lich - dich vu, cong nghiep tai Quang Ninh 57 Bang bieu 2.8: Thu ngan sach cua tinh giai doan 1998 - 2008 58 Bang bieu 3.1: Muc tieu thu hut von dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai cua Quang Ninh 67 TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN ■ ■ - - NGO QUANG LONG THU HUT DAU TV TRUC TIEP NUOC NGOAI VAO TINH QUANG NINH DEN NAM 2015 CHUYfiN NGANH: KINH Tfi' D6l NGOAI TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC SY • • HA KOI, NAM 2009 • 70 Trien khai Ke hoach 1843/KH-UB den nay, UBND tinh da uy quyen nhieu phan viec cho cac nganh, dia phuong giai quyet Tung nganh, tung dia phuong da xay dung de an thuc hien co che mot cua trinh UBND tinh phe duyet va thuc hien Tuy nhien, nhieu van de neu khong co su phoi hop giai quyet thi thoi gian xu ly se rat cham, tham chi nhieu van de mau thuan, chong cheo theo chi dao chuyen nganh cap tren Do vay, giua cac nganh can ky ket cac quy che phoi hop de giai quyet cac yeu cau cua nha dau tu, cac doanh nghiep Co nhu vay moi tao mot co che chi dao thong nhat hoat dong dau tu nudc ngoai tren dia ban De thuc hien tot co che mot cua, UBND tinh can phan cap, uy quyen cho cac nganh, dia phuong manh me hon Nhung noi dung cong viec lien quan tdi nhieu nganh, nhieu dia phuong thi can giao cho dau mdi giai quyet, ' ' ' UBND tinh chi can phe duyet quy che phoi hop giua cac nganh, dia phuong de lam co sd phap ly cho qua trinh thuc hien Cd nhu vay, co che mot cua tai cac nganh, dia phuong mdi hoat dong thuc chat hon Dinh ky thang mot lan, lanh dao UBND tinh can bo tri thoi gian nghe y kien phan anh cua cac doanh nghiep dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai tren dia ban, xu ly cac vudng mac ma khong mot nganh doc lap nao du tham quyen giai quyet Day vua la nguyen vong cua cac doanh nghiep, dong thoi la yeu cau khach quan tinh hinh cang co nhieu doanh nghiep dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai vdi nganh nghe da dang, phong phu hoat dong tren dia ban Quang Ninh - Tao lap cang day du, dong bo cac yeu to thi trudng nhu: Thi trudng tai chinh, thi trudng lao dong, thi trudng bat dong san, thi trudng cong nghe De nghi UBND tinh Quang Ninh can day nhanh qua trinh hinh va phat trien cua thi trudng dong san va thi trudng lao dong - Xay dung mdi trudng dau tu lanh manh, thong thoang: Mdi trudng > r r a dong dau tu Nhu vay, ngoai yeu to mdi trudng tu nhien (vi tri dia ly, dieu kien dia kinh te ), mdi trudng bieu hien d mdi trudng kinh doanh (cac dieu kien tang, cac yeu to thi trudng ), mdi trudng phap ly (he thong van 71 ban va to chuc thuc thi phap luat), moi truong xa hoi (cac yeu to sinh thai, dieu kien song, van de an toan ) De co moi truong dau tu thuan loi, ha.p dan, thong thoang, can thiet phai: Thu nhat, tao lap cang day du, dong bo cac yeu to thi truong (thi truong tai chinh, thi truong lao dong, thi truong bat dong san, thi truong cong nghe ) Thu hai, cai cach thu tuc hanh chinh theo huong mot dau moi, nhanh, thuan tien, don gian, ro rang, minh bach cac quy dinh ve mat phap ly cua nha nuoc nhu cac thu tuc: cap giay chung nhan dau tu; den bu, giai phong mat bang, cap dat; cap giay phep xay dung; cap giay phep xuat nhap khau; thu tuc tuyen lao dong; thu tuc hai quan, thue Th«- ba, tao cac yeu to moi truong xa hoi nhu an ninh, an toan Co ke hoach dau tu hoac thu hut dau tu xay dung truong hoc quoc te, benh vien quoc te tao dieu kien cho nguoi nuoc ngoai va gia dinh ho co the lam an sinh song lau dai o Quang Ninh - Quan tam den dau tu tang xa hoi ngoai hang rao: Doi voi cac du an x ' > r dau tu vao cac khu cong nghiep thi viec dau tu tang xa hoi kem theo cung het suc can thiet Do la viec xay dung nha o cho cong nhan thue; xay dung trung tam vui choi giai tri; phat trien he thong truong hoc, tram y te Day la mot bai hoc lon duoc duc rut qua viec phat trien cac khu cong nghiep tai mot so tinh phia Nam nhu Binh Duong, Dong Nai 3.2.1.2, Hoan thien chinh sach thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai De thu hut nhieu hon cac nha dau tu truc tiep nuoc ngoai den voi Quang Ninh, viec hoan thien cac chinh sach thu hut dau tu truc tiep nuoc ngoai la rat quan trong, cu the: - Hien nhieu bat cap viec thuc hien cac chinh sach, bien phap khuyen khich bao dam dau tu hien tai Quang Ninh De xu ly cac bat cap do, UBND tinh can sua doi cac quyet dinh 3467/2002/QD-UB, dua duoc cac co che ho tro den bu, giai phong mat bang, ho tro dau tu tang ngoai hang rao Doi voi cac khu cong nghiep, chinh sach ho tro cua tinh phai dam bao cho tinh co the can thiep vao viec dinh gia cho thue lai dat, 72 dam bao gia thue dat co kha nang canh tranh vdi cac dia phuong khac, tao dieu kien thuan lpi cho cong tac thu hut von dau tu - Ve cong tac de bu giai phong mat bang: Theo tinh than Nghi dinh 81/2004/ND-CP thi tu 16/11/2004 chu dau tu du an dupe cap phep dau tu khong phai dam phan true tiep vdi dan de den bu Cong tac den bu, giai phong mat bang thuoc trach nhiem cac dia phuong Do vay, doi vdi cac du an co dia diem ngoai khu cong nghiep thi tinh can ban hanh sdm cac chinh sach de cac dia phuong tien hanh den bu, giai phong mat bang Cong tac den bu giai phong mat bang phai luon gan lien vdi tai dinh cu, giai quyet viec lam va dam bao thu nhap cho ngudi dan (nhung ngudi phai di doi) Chi co nhu vay mdi dam bao dupe tien ban giao mat bang cho cac A A A A nha dau tu, dong thdi bao dam an ninh trat tu xa hoi Nha dau tu chi can cam ket thuc hien nghia vu tai chinh theo quy dinh va sau mot thdi han nhat dinh mat bang du an se dupe ban giao cho nha dau tu de thuc hien du an theo tien de - Can co chinh sach ho trp dac biet cho mot so du an diem dau tu vao cac nganh, lmh vuc uu tien hang dau UBND tinh quyet dinh tung giai doan xay dung ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua tinh Mot so du an ldn hien nhu du an dong mdi tau thuy cd tai ldn, cac du an xay dung nha may nhiet dien, cac du an bao ton he sinh thai Vinh Ha Long, Vinh Bai Tu Long cd tac dung nhu mot dau keo phuc vu > a r r phat trien cac du an khac doi hoi phai co nhieu nguon von ma dac biet la von dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai thi ngoai co che uu dai ve dat dai, ve thue suat, A A A tinh can co nhung chinh sach manh dan hon, cu the hon nham keu goi dau tu de phat trien mot nganh hoac mot chuyen nganh nao Cac chinh sach ap dung doi vdi cac nha dau tu, cac doanh nghiep la nhu nhau, dupe doi xu binh dang Tinh can manh dan mien tien thue dat cho ca doi du an, tao moi dieu kien cho cac chuyen gia, ngudi lao dong nudc ngoai lam viec tai Quang Ninh dupe huong cac quyen lpi nhu ngudi dia phuong Tom lai la can co mot chinh sach dac biet cho cac du an quan 13 3.2.2 Day manh hoat dong xuc tien dau tu Day manh cac hoat dong xuc tien dau tir, can quan niem cac hoat dong xuc tien dau tu la mot khau quan trong, cong viec bat buoc thu hut von dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai Khong nen coi cong tac van dong xuc tien dau tu chi la trach nhiem cua mot nganh, cap ma phai la trach nhiem cua moi ngudi, nganh, cap tinh Tien tdi can lap Trung tam xuc tien Dau tu Thuong mai - Du lich de thong nhat ve dau mdi, tang tinh nhat quan va bo trp giua cac lmh vuc Dau tu - Thuong mai - Du lich Day manh hoat dong xuc tien dau tu thoi gian tdi can hudng vao: - Cai tien va chuyen nghiep hoa cong tac quang ba, xuc tien dau tu: Hang nam can xay dung cac chuong trinh xuc tien dau tu chi tiet d va ngoai nudc, danh muc cac du an diem de keu goi dau tu nham gidi thieu cho cac nha dau tu hieu biet ro them ve Quang Ninh va nhung co hoi thuan loi nha dau tu den san xuat kinh doanh tai Quang Ninh - Nang cao chat lupng cac tai tieu phuc vu xuc tien dau tu (Website ve dau tu, xay dung dia CD-ROM gidi thieu tiem nang dau tu, sach gidi thieu ve mdi trudng dau tu cua Quang Ninh) - Hang nam co quan dau mdi ve dau tu can chu dong phoi hop vdi cac nganh, dia phuong, doanh nghiep soat va xay dung danh muc cac du an keu goi von dau tu, lap danh muc du an dudi dang cac profile cho mot sd du an quan de gidi thieu, quang ba, ho trp kinh phi de cac doanh nghiep chu dong lap cac du’ an tien kha thi thu hut dau tu nudc ngoai - Tranh thu su ho trp, giup cua cac co quan, bo nganh trung uong nhu: Cue Dau tu nudc ngoai, Trung tam xuc tien dau tu phia Bac (Bo ke hoach - Dau tu), Phong Thuong mai va Cong nghiep Viet Nam (VCCI); Bo Ngoai giao va cac r r r y to chuc quoc te, co quan ngoai giao hoat dong xuc tien dau tu - Tap trung vao nhung thi trudng ldn co tiem nang ve von va cong nghe nguon nhu: Nhat Ban, Han Quoc, Hoa Ky, EU, Dai Loan va cac nudc Trung Dong - Dac biet quan tam den viec cham soc va xuc tien dau tu qua cac du an, doanh nghiep da dupe cap phep dau tu d Viet Nam va Quang Ninh 74 - Khuyen khich thu hut von dau tu true tiep nuoc ngoai vao nhung nganh su dung nhieu nhan to san xuat ma Viet Nam va Quang Ninh san co, thong qua san pham se dupc xuat khau chu khong chi dung lai d viec thay the nhap khau - Chu dong to chuc cac doan cua tinh di xuc tien thuong mai va dau tu co su tham gia cua cac doanh nghiep co nhu cau ve thi trudng va tim doi tac dau tu Ho tro mot phan chi phi cho cac doanh nghiep tham gia doan xuc tien Thong qua cac co quan ngoai giao, to chuc quoc te, cac doanh nghiep da dau tu tai Viet Nam de tuyen truyen, gidi thieu hinh anh cua Quang Ninh, mdi trudng dau tu, co che, chinh sach uu dai dau tu cua Quang Ninh - Thuc hien cac co che ho tro theo quy dinh tai quyet dinh sd 3467/2002/QD-UB 30/9/2002 cua UBND tinh: Ho tro cho chu dau tu chuan bi ho so dir an: 10 trieu dong doi vdi du an cd von dau tu den trieu USD, 20 trieu doi vdi du an dau tu tren trieu USD Chi phi hoa hong cho ca nhan hoac don vi mdi gidi du an dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai vdi muc: Quy md dir an Mire chi hoa hong Dudi trieu USD 10.000.000 dong Tu trieu den dudi trieu USD 15.000.000 dong Tren trieu USD 20.000.000 dong (Vdi dieu kien du an da hoan xay dung co ban va di vao hoat dong chinh thuc) De thuc hien tot cac noi dung neu tren, hang nam UBND tinh can bd tri ngudn tai chinh lap quy xuc tien dau tu 3.2.3 Nang cao chat luong nguon nhan luc Tang cudng va cung cd cac co sd dao tao lao dong, cac trung tam day nghe cua tinh, tien toi lap cac trung tam day nghe co tam cd khu vuc va 75 quoc te de dao tao nguon lao dong de cung ung cho cac doanh nghiep tinh noi chung va cac doanh nghiep dau tu true tiep nud’c ngoai noi rieng Nang cao chat luong dao tao nguon nhan luc cho cac doanh nghiep, cong tac \ r \ \ r dao tao can phai gan voi nhu cau cua nha dau tu, xay dung mo hinh ket hop giua don vi dao tao va doanh nghiep Dac biet chu den cong tac dao tao lao dong, tham gia quan ly doanh nghiep, lao dong co tay nghe ky thuat cao va co trinh ngoai ngu Qua thuc te hien nay, mot van de co anh huong rat ldn den viec thu hut cac du an cong nghiep vao tinh, la van de nguon nhan luc Vdi nhung du an cong nghiep nho, trinh cong nghe la binh thudng hoac khong cd nhieu thi nhu cau ve lao dong la rat binh thudng, tinh hoan toan cd kha nang dap ung cac nhu cau cua nha dau tu Tuy nhien, de thu hut cac du an cd trinh cong nghe cao, cac du an san xuat ldn thi tinh can cd mot chien luoc du tam de phat trien nguon nhan luc cac du an ve du lich cung vay, luc lupng huong dan vien du lich tai tinh ta hien khong nhung thieu ve so lupng ma yeu ve nghiep vu va ngoai ngu Vi du, viec tuyen mot so doi tuong lao dong tai cac du an du lich ldn nhu Khach san Plaza, Ha Long Dream, Cong ty lien doanh quoc te Hoang Gia, Cong ty lien doanh Lpi Lai tuyen dung lao dong doi hoi cao ve ngoai ngu thudng co ty le tuyen dat rat thap Hien nay, qua khao sat mot so cac doanh nghiep dang hoat dong kinh doanh thi ho cho biet la thi trudng lao dong rat kho khan, dac biet doi vdi cac lao dong trinh tay nghe cao, ma hau het so lupng lao dong cac du an deu phai tuyen d no’i khac Nhu vay, co the noi la Quang Ninh co thua nguon lao dong nhung lai thieu tram lao dong ky thuat cao Day la mot nhung khiem khuyet hang dau cua tinh, lam cho tinh nha giam sue canh tranh viec thu hut von dau tu nudc ngoai cac du an cong nghe cao Mot nhung muc tieu cua nha dau tu den de kinh doanh la tan dung nguon nhan luc cua dia phuong nhung lai khong dupe dap ung 16 De giai quyet van de nay, tinh can xay dung chien lupc, chuong trinh dao tao ngudn nhan lire phu hap, dap ung yeu cau phat trien kinh te - xa hoi den nam 2020 Tap dung moi nguon luc, hinh thuc dao tao va ngoai nuac, day manh viec xa hoi hoa dao tao (dac biet quan tam va uu tien dao tao cong nhan co tay nghe cao, lao dong quan ly) Xay dung ca che chinh sach khuyen khich viec thu hut sir dung ngudi co tai ' a r \ Ve dao tao nghe, trudc mat giao cho cac trung tam dao tao nghe cua tinh dao tao lao dong dat tieu chuan tay nghe bac cung cap cho cac du an theo yeu cau cau chu dau tu mien phi Trudng hop doanh nghiep tir dao tao nghe cho ngudi lao dong, tinh se ho tra: - 20% chi phi dao tao doi vdi cac du an sir dung dudi 500 lao dong - 30% chi phi dao tao doi vdi cac du an sir dung tu 500 lao dong trd len (Chi phi dao tao duac tinh theo dinh muc cua Bo Lao dong, thuang binh va xa hoi va chi ap dung cho viec dao tao lao dong tai Viet Nam Theo Quyet dinh so 3467/2002/QD-UBND 30/9/2002 ve mot so ca che khuyen khich bao dam dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai, chi phi la 500.000 d/ngudi cho du an sir dung dudi 200 lao dong va 800.000 d/ngudi cho du an sir dungt ren 200 lao dong) Md cac lap dao tao can bo quan ly, ke toan trudng cho cac doanh > r •> r x nghiep dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai, to chuc thuong xuyen viec tap huan ve chuyen mon, nghiep vu, luat phap cho can bo Viet Nam dang lam viec cac doanh nghiep dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai, cac lap tap huan ve Luat Doanh nghiep, Luat Dau tu, Luat Dau thau, hoi nhap kinh te quoc te, gia nhap To chuc Thuang mai the gidi (WTO) Cac du an co trinh cong nghe cao thu hut duac vao tinh cung la mot kenh chuyen giao ve mat cong nghe, dong thdi cung la noi cho ngudi lao dong dia phuang tim hieu va tiep can vdi nen cong nghe cua the gidi Dieu ket hop vdi viec hinh cac co sd dao tao nghe thi tuong lai khong xa, tinh se hinh nen mot doi ngu lao dong, mot thi trudng lao dong chuyen nghiep dap ung du nhu cau cho bat cu du an nao dau tu tai Quang Ninh 77 3.2.4 Tao quy dat sach cho cac du- an dau tu true tiep nuoc ngoai Mot la, phai thuc hien tot cong tac quy hoach, dac biet phai danh quy dat hop ly de keu goi cac du an quan trong, cac du an thuoc dien khuyen khich va dac biet khuyen khich dau tu; thuc hien viec cap giay chung nhan dau tu tuan thu theo quy hoach, ke hoach su dung dat da de r \ > a Doi voi cac nganh nghe uu tien keu goi dau tu theo tinh than Nghi quyet 06 NQ/TU ve linh vuc cong nghiep phai co mot quy hoach phat trien nganh mot each ro rang Quy hoach va bo tri cac nganh phu hop voi tiem nang san co, phu hop voi nguon nguyen lieu tai nguyen thien nhien nham khai thac hieu qua toi da cac loi the r \ r r Hai la, tien hanh soat, xem xet viec thu hoi dat doi voi cac du an thuan loi cho nha dau tu som co dia diem de dau tu san xuat kinh doanh De lam dupe viec nay, mot nhung giai phap quan trong phat trien quy dat cho cac du an la dau tu phat trien khu cong nghiep tren dia ban tinh, 78 day la hudng di tat yeu dam bao muc tieu su dung quy dat hop ly, gan phat trien kinh te vdi bao ve mdi trudng ben vung Viec cac du an di vao khu cong nghiep, khu che xuat dam bao cho viec quan ly ve mat nha nudc dupe de dang, thuan tien, don gian hoa cac thu tuc hanh chinh cho nha dau tu, tiet kiem duoc chi phi dau tu xay dung co sd tang, quan ly tot ve mat quy hoach va tiet kiem dat dai Ngoai ra, dam bao cho tinh ben vung cua du an khu cong nghiep Dieu cung hoan toan phu hop vdi chu truong cua Ban Thudng vu tinh uy dat tai Nghi quyet 06 NQ/TU la “tir nay, trir cac du an doi hoi phai gan vdi vung nguyen lieu, phai xir ly nhieu ve mdi trudng, cac du an cong nghiep dau tu mdi chu yeu van dong vao cac khu cong nghiep” Ba la, xay dung danh muc du an diem dau tu vao cac nganh, linh vuc uu tien hang dau Hoi dong Nhan dan va Uy ban Nhan dan tinh quyet dinh timg giai doan xay dung ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua Tinh, de nghi Chinh phu cho phep ap dung nhung chinh sach ho trp dac biet va quan diem la khong thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai theo sd lupng, theo phong trao ma la thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai gan vdi bao ve mdi trudng, gan vdi on dinh xa hoi va khong xao tron cuoc song cua ngudi dan Tac gia cho rang thdi gian tdi ve quy hoach cung nhu thuc thi quy hoach khong nen (tham chi khong dupe phep) dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai vao nhung vung dat nong nghiep dang canh tac vdi nang suat va hieu qua cao, khong cho phep nhap khau cong nghe gay o nhiem mdi trudng Thuc hien phuong cham “hieu qua su dung von quyet dinh kha nang thu hut dau tu, co von dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai” 3.2.5 Cac giai phap khac - Tao nhung lien ket hop ly giua cac doanh nghiep nudc va cac doanh nghiep dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai: Cac doanh nghiep nudc co the phat trien theo hudng trd ve tinh cung cap nguyen, vat lieu, gia cong cac chi tiet, cum chi tiet cho cac doanh nghiep dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai Thong qua do, cac doanh nghiep nudc gian tiep xuat khau san pham cua minh cung nhu gop phan tang ty le noi dia hoa, giam chi phi, tang sue canh tranh cho cac san pham xuat khau Giai phap doi hoi su nang dong 79 viec tim thi truong, mdi quan he cua cac doanh nghiep nunc va dac biet phai can co sir quan tam chi dao, ho trp cu the cua cac cap, cac nganh tren co so soat nang luc cua tung doanh nghiep thuoc nganh quan ly de giup cho cac doanh nghiep co moi quan he va nang cao nang luc canh tranh cua minh Thuc hien tot giai phap khong nhung tao cho ban than cac doanh nghiep nuoc phat trien ma gop phan khac phuc tinh trang cac doanh nghiep dau tu true tiep nuoc ngoai hien phu thuoc qua nhieu vao viec nhap khau nguyen lieu va ban pham - Xay dung chien lupc, lo trinh tiep thu ky thuat, cong nghe: + Xay dirng chien lupc tiep thu ky thuat, cong nghe nhieu tang va chu ky doi moi cong nghe chung cua Tinh lam co so hudng dan va chi dao cac doanh nghiep xay dung chien lupc rieng + Phat trien khoa hoc ky thuat,c ong nghe, doi mdi thiet bi, che tao thiet bi va quan ly de sau mot thoi gian thich hop tung budc co the thay the va vuon len lam chu ve ky thuat cung nhu cong nghe mdi + Quan tam va co co che cac doanh nghiep viec dang ky ban quyen, quyen sd huu cong nghiep, kieu dang, nhan mac, ma so cung nhu cac tieu chuan quan ly quoc te ve chat lupng 3.3 MOT • SO KIEN NGHI• DOI VOI NHA NUOC NHAM TAO • DIEU KIEN CHO TINH QUANG NINH TRONG VIEC THU HUT DAU TU* TRUC TIEP NUOC NGOAI - Nha nude can tiep tuc hoan thien he thong phap luat, chinh sach ve dau tu nudc ngoai theo hudng edi md hon nua, tao them nhieu dieu kien thuan loi, dam bao tinh minh bach, phu hop vdi yeu cau hoi nhap quoc te Tiep tuc soat phap luat, chinh sach de sua doi, dieu chinh hoac loai bo cac dieu kien khong phu hop cam ket WTO cua Viet Nam va co giai phap dam bao quyen loi cua nha dau tu Theo doi, giam sat viec thi hanh phap luat ve dau tu va doanh nghiep de kip thoi phat hien va xu ly cac vudng mac phat sinh 80 - Ban hanh Thong tn huong dan mot so noi dung chua ro rang, cu the tai Nghi dinh so 108/2006/ ND-CP huong dan thi hanh Luat Dau tu - Ban hanh cac uu dai khuyen khi'ch dau tu doi voi cac du an xay dung cac cong trinh phuc loi (nha o, benh vien, truong hoc, van hoa, the thao) cho ngudi lao dong lam viec cac khu cong nghiep, khu che xuat, khu cong nghe cao, khu kinh te, dam bao su tuong thich voi cac luat phap hien hanh - Dieu chinh chinh sach uu dai dau tu theo huong uu dai hon nua doi voi cac du an dau tu vao nhung dia ban dac biet, lmh vuc dac biet, co thdi gian dau tu dai, rui ro lon, phu thuoc nhieu vao thien nhien khien nha dau tu ngan ngai quyet dinh dau tu (nhu lmh vuc nong, lam, nghu ngiep ) 81 KET LUAN Trong qua trinh doi mdi va md cura cua Viet Nam, hoat dong dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai la mot xu the, nhan to mdi phat trien kinh te cua Viet Nam noi chung va Quang Ninh noi rieng Qua hon 20 nam thuc hien viec thu hut von dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai, chung ta da dat dupe nhung ket qua dang khich le Hoat dong dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai tai Quang Ninh da \ \ r co nhung tac dong tich cue viec huy dong cac nguon von cho dau tu phat trien, tao viec lam cho ngudi lao dong, md rong thi trudng xuat khau, day nhanh viec ap dung nhung tuu khoa hoc cong nghe tien tien vao san r •> r r xuat kinh doanh, thuc day qua trinh chuyen dich co cau kinh te theo hudng cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa, tao co sd de doanh nghiep va nen kinh te chu dong hoi nhap nhanh vdi kinh te khu vuc va quoc te Tuy nhien, tren thuc te viec thu hut von dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai van chua tuong xung vdi tiem nang, lpi the va doi hoi phat trien cua Tinh, hieu qua cua mot so du an chua cao, mdi truong dau tu chua thuan lpi, hap dan Trong giai doan tir den 2015, de dap ung yeu cau tang trudng kinh te, nhu cau thu hut von dau tu vao Quang Ninh cang tang Ben canh viec huy dong toi da nguon noi luc cho viec dau tu phat trien, viec thu hut von dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai van cd mot vai tro rat quan Quang Ninh cam ket day manh hon nua cac chinh sach phat trien kinh te, do, coi khoi dau tu nudc ngoai la mot bo phan cua nen kinh te va se tang cudng cac hoat dong bao dam su kinh doanh thuan lpi cua cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai tai Quang Ninh Tren cor sd he thong hoa nhung van de ly luan co ban ve dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai, phan tich cac dieu kien cua dia phuong, thuc trang hoat dong thu hut va su dung nguon von dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua Quang Ninh thdi gian vua qua, lam ro nhung ket qua da dat dupe, nhung mat han che va nguyen nhan cua nhung han che Tu nhung phan tich do, Hoc vien da de r r \ r xuat mot sd phuong hudng va cac giai phap mang tinh dong bo, sat vdi thuc te hien cua tinh Quang Ninh, de Tinh thu hut va su dung hieu qua nguon von dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai giai doan tu den nam 2015./ 82 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu (2008), Bao cao 20 nam dau tu nude ngoai tai Viet Nam - Cue dau tu nuoc ngoai Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu (2008), Bao cao tinh hinh thu hut dau tu true tiep nude ngoai tai Viet Nam nam 2008 - Cue dau tu nudc ngoai So Ke hoach va Dau tu tinh Quang Ninh (2008), Bao cao tong ket 20 nam hoat dong dau tu nudc ngoai cua tinh Quang Ninh r UBND tinh Quang Ninh (2009), Bao cao tinh hinh kinh te - xa hoi nam 2008 va ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hdi nam 2009 Dang cong san Viet Nam (2001, 2005), Van kien Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc lan thuc IX, X - Bao dien tu Dang cong san Viet Nam Dang cong san Viet Nam (1986), Van kien Dai hdi dai bieu toan quoc lan thu VI Dang Cong san Viet Nam, Nha xuat ban Chinh tri Quoc gia -Ha Noi 1986 Dang cong san Viet Nam (1991), Van kien Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc lan thu VII Dang Cong san Viet Nam, Nha xuat ban Chinh tri Quoc gia - Ha Noi 1991 Dang cong san Viet Nam (1997): Van kien Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc lan thu VIII Dang Cong san Viet Nam, Nha xuat ban Chinh tri Quoc gia - Ha Noi Dang cong san Viet Nam (2001): Van kien Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc lan thu IX Dang Cong san Viet Nam, Nha xuat ban Chinh tri Quoc gia -HaNoi 2001 10 Luat Dau tu, Luat Doanh nghiep 11 Nghi quyet Dai hoi dai bieu dang bo tinh Quang Ninh lan thu X 12 Nghi quyet Dai hoi dai bieu dang bo tinh Quang Ninh lan thu XI 83 13 Nghi quyet Dai hoi dai bieu dang bo tinh Quang Ninh lan thu XII 14 Chinh phu (2006), Nghi dinh so 108/2006/ND-CP 22/9/2006 cua Chinh phu quy dinh chi tiet va hudng dan thi hanh mot so dieu cua Luat Dau tu\ 15 Vo Ta Nam (2000), Chau a tu khung hoang nhin ve the ky 21, Nha xuat ban TP Ho Chi Minh 16 Do Due Binh, Nguyen Thuong Lang (2004) - Giao trinh Kinh te quoc te, NXB Lao dong - Xa hoi - Ha Noi 17 Nguyen Ngoc Mai (2007), Giao trinh Kinh te dau tu, Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan Ha Noi Phung Xuan Nha (2006), Giao trinh Dau tu quoc te, NXB Quoc gia 19 Thbi bao kinh te Viet Nam cac nam 1996, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 20 Vu Trudng Son (1997) Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai vdi tang trudng kinh te d Viet Nam — NXB Thong ke 21 Le Ngoc (2000), Nhung xu the kinh te the ky 21, NXB Khoa hoc va Ky thuat - Ha Noi 22 Nien giam thong ke (2000, 2003, 2005, 2007), Nien giam thong ke tinh Quang Ninh, NXB Thong ke 23 UBND tinh Quang Ninh (2009), Quy hoach phat trien cac KCN cua tinh Quang Ninh den nam 2015, dinh hudng den 2020 24 Thu tuong chinh phu (2006), Quyet dinh sd 269/2006/QD-TTg 24/11/2006 cua Thu tudng Chinh phu Phe duyet 'Dieu chinh, bo sung quy hoach tdng the phat trien kinh te - xa hoi tinh Quang Ninh den nam 2010 va dinh hudng den nam 2020" 25 UBND Hai Phong (2008), Bao cao tinh hinh kinh te - xa hoi nam 2007 va ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi nam 2008 84 26 UBND Hai Phong (2008), Bao cao tinh hinh kinh te - xa hoi nam 2008 va ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi nam 2009 27 UBND tinh Hai Diro’ng (2008), Bao cao tinh hinh kinh te - xa hoi nam 2007 va ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi nam 2008 28 UBND tinh Hai Duong (2008), Bao cao tinh hinh kinh te - xa hoi nam 2008 va ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi nam 2009