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Task 1: General Interview (2 minutes) You are suggested to spend maximum 15 seconds for each question to talk about the following topic. You are supposed to extend the answer with adequate information. HOMETOWN 1. Do you live in a town or a city? 2. Do many tourists visit your area? 3. Do you think your home towncity will change much in the future? CHILDHOOD 1. What is your most vivid childhood memory? 2. Are you still in touch with your childhood friends? 3. What was your favourite toy when you were a child? CLOTHES 1. What kind of clothes do you wear to school? 2. Do prefer wearing formal or casual clothes? Why? 3. Do you like to get clothes as a gift from your friends or family? Whywhy not? TRANSPORT 1. How do you get to university? 2. Do you ever have any problem with your transport? 3. How could your journey be improved? FITNESS 1. Do you try to keep fit? How? 2. Do you think it is important for young people to keep fit? 3. Have you ever watched a sporting event live? FAMILY 1. What do you like doing most with your family? 2. Who are you close to in your family? 3. In what way is your family important to you? STUDYING 1. Why do you choose to study English? 2. What is the most difficult thing about your study? 3. What course would you like to do in the future? MUSIC 1. What kind of music do you like? 2. What do you like about it? 3. Do you play or would you like to play a musical instrument? Task 2: Individual longrun (2 minutes) Use your two minutes to talk about what you are required to do. Pay attention to the suggestions 1. FOOD Describe a popular dish from your region that you enjoy making You should say : What this dish is Why you enjoy making it When you usually make it Why it is popular in your region 2. LEISURE ACTIVITY Describe a common leisure activity in Vietnam You should say: What activity is What type of people do it Where and when it is possible to do it Why it is popular 3. EMAIL Describe an important email you received You should say: Who the email was from What it was about Why it was important How you felt about it 4. ADVERTISEMENT Describe an advertisement you have seen or read that you like. You should say: What it is Where you first saw it Why you like it Whether advertisement is necessary or not, why? 5. ENVIRONMENT Describe a natural disaster you have experienced. You should say: What the disaster was When you experienced it What you did How you felt about it Thank you. You have finished the first part of the test. Now, let’s move to the third part. Task 3: Topic Discussion (2 minutes) You have maximum TWO minutes to deliver a speech of the topic given. You are expected to include three parts of a speech: Introduction (one topic sentence) Development (three main ideas presented in three sentences with three supporting details in other three sentences) Conclusion (one concluding sentence) with the use of some linking words. 1. FOOD a. Do you think large fastfood companies should be allowed to target at children in their advertising campaigns? Why? b. How important is food as a representative of a country’s culture? c. Compare the importance of local and imported goods for the economy of a country? 2. FREE TIME ACTIVITY a. Would you agree that it is important for older or retired people to keep themselves busy? Can you suggest some suitable activities? b. In your opinion, do young people have enough or too much leisure time? Whywhy not? c. What new kinds of leisure activities would you like to see introduced in area which don’t currently exist? Why? 3. TECHNOLOGY a. Do you think technology has changed the way we communicate? Yes, I do. b. How do job opportunities differ for those who have computer skills from those who do not c. Do you think the existence of computer in schools has improved the way students learn? 4. ENVIRONMENT a. How will climate change affect where people live in the next ten years? b. Do you think governments will pay more attention to climate change in the future? c. What can we do to help reduce global warming? 5. SOCIAL ASPECTS a. How important do you consider a good salary is for job satisfaction? b. Do you think that in the future people will retire at an earlier or later than they do now? c. How, do you think, our working hours will change in the future? Present your view with clear arguments and specific, reallife examples to support your view. Thank you. You have finished the last part of the test. That’s the end of the test
SPEAKING REVISION and PRACTICE You are taking the final oral test for Speaking You will totally have minutes for the test You have NO time for preparation before speaking First, you will have ONE minute to introduce yourself using the following script - Good morning/afternoon - My full name is … –I was born on… (the candidate’s date of birth) - My student ID is … Now, let’s the first part of the test Task 1: General Interview (2 minutes) You are suggested to spend maximum 15 seconds for each question to talk about the following topic You are supposed to extend the answer with adequate information HOMETOWN Do you live in a town or a city? I live in Dalat city which is located on the Lang Biang Plateau in the southern parts of the Central Highlands Do many tourists visit your area? Yes, they Because my hometown is a famous tourist city in southern Vietnam, thus many tourists are interested in visiting here on every holiday occasion Do you think your home town/city will change much in the future? Yes, of course I think my hometown will change much in the future The proof is that my cities have changed a lot in many aspects in recent years such as infrastructure, economy, living standards, etc Besides the positive changes, negative changes also come with it, polluted environment/inˈvīrənmənt/, for example However, I think changes are essential for development CHILDHOOD What is your most vivid childhood memory? When I was a child, my mother used to take me with her whenever she went out So even though I was only two and a half years old, I remembered the road pretty well Then on the first day of kindergarten, when not seeing a school security guard, I went home by myself at lunch break As a result, both my teacher and my family had a panic shock Are you still in touch with your childhood friends? Yes, sure I am still in touch with some close friends who studied with me in elementary/ eləˈment(ə)rē/ and high school What was your favourite toy when you were a child? Dolls are my favorite toys when I was a child I'd got about 10 dolls with different hair colors My friends extremely adore them CLOTHES What kind of clothes you wear to school? When I was in school, I often wore/ wɔːr/a uniform that consists of a white shirt with the school logo on the left sleeve and navy trousers Besides, I was also required to wear the white Ao Dai for important events or ceremonies But I did not like to wear Ao Dài because it was uncomfortable for daily use Do you prefer wearing formal or casual clothes? Why? Casual and formal clothing are two of the most common dress rules, each with its own distinct style If the occasion has a formal ambiance, I will choose to dressed formal clothes, and vice versa, I prefer to wear casual /ˈkæʒuəl/ clothes, like Tee shirts, jeans, sneakers/ˈsniːkər/, etc they make me feel much more comfortable and relaxed Do you like to get clothes as a gift from your friends or family? Why/why not? Yes, of course I like to get clothes as a gift from my friends or family Compared to giving flowers and cards, I feel clothes as gifts are more practical TRANSPORT How you get to university? I used to live near the university so I often rode a bike to school, it took just minutes from my house Do you ever have any problem with your transport? Yes, of course Sometimes my bike has a flat tire, but for me, the bike's pretty light, and it was easy to carry it go home How could your journey be improved? I've got a new bike and it comes with a wheel /wiːl/ pump It is very convenient to fix this problem FITNESS Do you try to keep fit? How? Yes, I Actually, I want to gain weight, I look quite thin compared to my height So, I have made a menu with meals a day as well as exercising days a week to improve my health and weight Do you think it is important for young people to keep fit? I think it’s important for young people to keep fit because many researchers indicate that inactive children are likely to become inactive adults, which is a reason today’s young people usually have problems with heart disease and cancer/ putting young people at risk of developing life-threatening conditions such as heart disease and cancer This is why it's important to encourage exercise and keeping fit from a young age Have you ever watched a sporting event live? No, I haven’t But I wish I could experience a sporting event/ əˈvent/ live in the near future I think it will be exciting FAMILY What you like doing most with your family? I like to travel with family most We usually travel at least once time a year in summer or spring This is a great time for us to share wonderful moments together Who are you close to in your family? I think maybe my father Because we have a lot of things in common, we can share and talk about any topic or aspect of life In what way is your family important to you? Family is a priceless/ ˈprīsləs/ gift, a circle of strength and love When I struggle with many difficulties and challenges, I usually share them with my family and they will encourage me No matter how far the distance keeps us away from the family, at the end of the day we always look forward to uniting with our loved ones STUDYING Why you choose to study English? Because English is a requirement subject at my school as I was young, then when I grew up, I chose to study English because it’s a popular foreign language in Vietnam as well as over the world to be able to study and develop a career and explore the world What is the most difficult thing about your study? I have difficulty in listening skills, this makes me confused leading to bad speaking skills What course would you like to in the future? I think I will practice listening more by myself because if I want to get better I can only practice hard and frequent MUSIC What kind of music you like? I like Soft Rock Ballads - a niche genre of rock music that was mastered in the 80s, some songs are still popular today like November Rain by Guns N’ Roses, I’ll Stand By You by The Pretenders, or Wind of Change by Scorpions What you like about it? Because Soft Rock Ballads are a genre of rock music hidden intense emotions through mellow music It can alter my mood, emotions, and motivation Listening to music and experiencing emotions can help me release stress or depression Do you play or would you like to play a musical instrument? Beside Rock Ballads, I also love traditional music, so I have been learning to play Dan Tranh for months Task 2: Individual long-run (2 minutes) Use your two minutes to talk about what you are required to Pay attention to the suggestions FOOD Describe a popular dish from your region that you enjoy making (You should say: What this dish is/ Why you enjoy making it/ When you usually make it/ Why it is popular in your region) I think one of the popular dishes in my region as well as in Vietnam is rice noodle soup, Pho Pho is served in many restaurants in Vietnam, so much so that foreigners think Vietnamese food is mainly It is just the tip of the iceberg /ˈaɪsbɜːrɡ/ in Vietnamese cuisine /kwɪˈziːn/ but it’s the most iconic /aɪˈkɑːnɪk/ of them all My family loves Pho bo (rice beef noodle soup) because of its delicious taste with the stock made from the beef shank, neck, ox tail, etc The meaty toppings include thinly sliced eye-round beef steak, flank, brisket, beef balls, tendon, and tripe It's also spiced with aromatics /ˌærəˈmætɪk/ like cardamom /ˈkɑːrdəməm/, cinnamon, star anise /ˈænɪs/, coriander /ˌkɔːriˈændər/, and cloves, I usually make it twice a week LEISURE ACTIVITY Describe a common leisure activity in Vietnam (You should say: What activity is / What type of people it / Where and when it is possible to it/ Why it is popular) When it comes to a common leisure activity in Vietnam, no doubt we think about jogging which can be done by everyone, including the elderly and youngsters We can find a large number of people walking alone or with their pets in many public parks in the morning or evening Jogging has become a popular activity such an indispensable/ ˌindəˈspensəb(ə)l/ habit that many people defy/ dəˈfī/ the ban /ben/ on leaving the house during the corona epidemic/ ˌepəˈdemik/ to go jogging EMAIL Describe an important email you received (You should say: Who the email was from/ What it was about/ Why it was important/ How you felt about it) After I obtained my first bachelor's /ˈbaCH(ə)lər/ degree in major management of export and import, I applied to many companies One month later, I received that I was called to interview for the position of import and export document officer by Transimex Corporation This email brought me many special emotions, and I still remember them very well, which are emotion, excitement, enthusiasm /inthu-si-azum/, and desire to express myself ADVERTISEMENT Describe an advertisement you have seen or read that you like (You should say: What it is/ Where you first saw it/ Why you like it/ Whether advertisement is necessary or not, why?) I once watched a promotional video of a leading Thailand energy corporation The ad begins with a rich man who wants to buy a house in a prime /praɪm/ location This house is currently running a restaurant business But after he stopped by and had a meal, he discovered that this restaurant sells food at a very cheap price In addition, it also serves free snacks and drinks Many people with different situations, especially, people in the popular class – who have a low income- usually come here to enjoy the meals When watching until the end of the ad, their brand appeared with the slogan "Long-term profit is sustainable /səˈstānəb(ə)l/ value" The images/ˈɪmɪdʒig/ are integrated with a meaningful slogan which brings a unique and humane message ENVIRONMENT Describe a natural disaster you have experienced (You should say: What the disaster was/ When you experienced it/ What you did How you felt about it) Well, I would like to talk about the landslide due to heavy rain that happened in Dalat in June 2022 At that time, Da Lat entered the rainy season with heavy and continuous rainfall Meanwhile, the urbanization process of the city has caused natural flows to be filled, and the ground is weak due to being hydrated for a long time, causing a high risk of landslides I witnessed one of two particularly large landslides with thousands of cubic meters of rock falling from the high mountains, spilling onto the main road It happened while I was on the Prenn pass to enter Dalat city Although there were no casualties/ˈkæʒuəlti/, the landslide caused traffic on this road to be blocked in both directions I got scared and stuck there for 12 hours Task 3: Topic Discussion (2 minutes) FOOD a Do you think large fast-food companies should be allowed to target at children in their advertising campaigns? Why? I believe that large fast-food companies should be banned from targeting children in their advertising campaigns First of all, it is not ethical/ ˈeTHək(ə)l/ to target children with advertisements, as they are not yet able to distinguish advertising from actual programming in the way adults can This means that advertising aimed at children is misleading and unfair Second, many children are easily manipulated to want things they see in advertisements, which usually include attractive and interesting content, and this may cause conflicts between parents and children if parents deny their children of something they want Last but not least, advertising targeted at children can have negative effects /ɪ ˈfekt/on their health, as many fast food and junk food companies these days direct their marketing strategies towards children, making their products appear to be healthy and appealing Unfortunately, most children not understand the concept of advertising They are easily persuaded/pərˈsweɪd/ to purchase/ˈpərCHəs/ these unhealthy foods, and as a consequence/ ˈkänsikwəns/, they can be at risk of many serious health issues, such as obesity and diabetes /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/ To sum up, because of some negative effects mentioned above, advertising campaigns of fast-food companies should not target at children b How important is food as a representative of a country’s culture? Clearly, food is a powerful connective tool in daily life, and it also plays an important role in connecting people to their countries’ cultures or ethnic groups First of all, in religion/rɪˈlɪdʒən/, food is one of the most important parts of religious /rɪˈlɪdʒəs/ ceremonies The role of food in religious culture is an important part of showing respect among their communities and many of these religions obey /əˈbeɪ/ the religious commandments, hence food is prepared in different ways Second, food is not only seen as a means of survival, but also a multidimensional /ˌmʌltidaɪˈmenʃənl/ thing that shapes /ʃeɪp/ people, their identities, their cultures, and in the end, their society In other words, each different group of people in different areas has their own recipes or dishes that distinguish them from others For example, tomato, basil /ˈbeɪzl/, and mozzarella / ˌmätsə ˈrelə/ cheese on a pizza signify /ˈsɪɡnɪfaɪ/ a taste /teɪst/ of Italy In addition, food and food-related etiquette /ˈetɪkət/ also show the effect of a country’s culture on them People in Western societies may refer to food-related etiquette as table manners, a phrase that illustrates the cultural expectation of eating food or meals at a table Some people eat with forks and spoons; more people use fingers or chopsticks In conclusion, food tells us something about a culture’s approach /əˈprəʊtʃ/ to life; therefore, it is an important and interesting entrance to understanding the culture of a country or ethnic group c Compare the importance of local and imported goods for the economy of a country? Exporting and importing play a significant role in the growth of national economies and in expanding /ɪkˈspænd/ the global market In terms of importing, many countries purchase goods that are either not readily available domestically /dəˈmestɪkli/ or are available cheaper overseas from a foreign country to serve the local demand Imports are important for businesses and individual consumers /kənˈsuːmər/ Oftentimes, imported products provide a better price or more choices to consumers, which help increase their living standards In terms of exporting, every country is endowed with certain advantages in resources and skills For example, some countries are rich in natural resources, they will export fossil/ˈfäsəl/ fuels, minerals, timber, etc to other countries that have shortages of many of these resources The more a country exports, the more domestic economic activity is occurring If a country is a net exporter, its gross domestic product increases, which is the total value of the finished goods and services it produces in a given period of time More exports mean more production, jobs, and revenue In other words, net exports increase the wealth of a country In conclusion, countries want to be net exporters /ekˈspɔːrtər/ rather than net importers Importing is not necessarily /ˌnesəˈserəli/ a bad thing because it gives us access to important resources and products not otherwise available or at a cheaper cost However, if importing more than exporting, more money is leaving the country than is coming in through export sales 2 FREE TIME ACTIVITY a Would you agree that it is important for older or retired people to keep themselves busy? Can you suggest some suitable activities? I personally agree that older or retired people should have some activities at a certain level to stay physically /ˈfɪzɪkli/ and socially /ˈsəʊʃəli/ active The main reason is that this will help them avoid boredom and loneliness Elderly people have a large amount of free time, which was once used to develop work, career, and family care When they retire, this free time easily makes them nostalgic/nəˈstaldʒɪk/ or sad/sæd/ because of many problems related to their age and health; therefore they see themselves as a burden to their children and society The second reason is that attending activities will help them to reduce the risk of developing several health problems In other words, attending activities keeps them moving their bodies, such as walking, jogging, warm-up exercises, sitting and standing, gardening, and so on These movements maintain muscle strength, and blood flow and reduce risks of diseases The activities also give them new hobbies so that they won’t have time to think of the negative sides of being old and retired The third reason is that participating in charity activities will help them keep in touch with people of the same age, contributing themselves to society as well as regularly update social issues so as not to become obsolete /ˌɑːbsəˈliːt/ In conclusion, some activities such as sports, exercise, gardening, or attending charity clubs will be good options for the elderly to maintain their both physical and mental health b In your opinion, young people have enough or too much leisure time? Why/why not? My view on the matter is that not all young people have a lot of leisure /ˈliːʒər/ time for some reason Firstly/ To begin with, in the modern days, young people have a much wider range of choosing which activities to proceed /prəʊˈsiːd/ with during their free time because of today´s provided technology They can be easily lured /lʊr/ by attractive /əˈtraktiv/ and interesting content on TV, games, or social sites; therefore, they expand /ɪkˈspænd/ their leisure time longer than it’s supposed /səˈpəʊzd/ to However, in many cases, young people don’t have too much leisure /ˈliːʒər/ time to spend because they are living a sedentary lifestyle due to the school system or standards of society To illustrate, many Asian parents, who usually put high expectations on their children to be a doctor or businessmen to be considered truly successful, demand their children take much time to study to be good at every subject at school They think that their children should spend most of their time doing homework or assignments, otherwise they’re being lazy In addition, university competition force students to study much harder since the university just recruits /rɪˈkruːt/ or accepts students who have higher grades Consequently, young people try their best to gain the standard; they will try to something that enables them to gain their goals such as studying a lot instead of spending free time relaxing In conclusion, there are a major number of young people that have too little freetime due to study standard and parents’ expectation /ˌekspekˈteɪʃn/ c What new kinds of leisure activities would you like to see introduced in areas which don’t currently exist? Why? Leisure/ˈliːʒər/ activities are increasingly diversified /daɪˈvɜːrsɪfaɪ/ and developed to serve the increasing demand as well as the continuous innovation requirements from customers Besides extroverted /ˈekstrəvɜːrtɪd/ leisure activities, I think we should widely introduce to the community introverted /ˈɪntrəvɜːrtɪd/ leisure activities such as meditation /ˌmedɪˈteɪʃn/ It can be said that meditation is a leisure activity for the soul It benefits all ages, including children aged from 8-9 and over Meditation is not about forcing ourselves to think or not think about something, but about relaxing, and clearing our minds It helps each person focus on themselves, relax physically and mentally to live well and increase concentration as well to make more accurate and creative decisions, especially, helping themselves balance, and enjoy themselves in life I think this activity can be encouraged at community houses, residential /ˌrezɪ ˈdenʃl/ areas, or in cultural centers of wards or districts Instructional /ɪnˈstrʌkʃənl/ courses for proper meditation can be offered free of charge or with a discounted entry/ˈentri/ fee to encourage more participation, benefiting the community in those areas TECHNOLOGY a Do you think technology has changed the way we communicate? Nowadays, it’s difficult to imagine a world without technology It has changed the way we work, study, business, enjoy, etc especially, the way we communicate Firstly, technology shortens the distance between us, businesses, or countries because it can help us communicate and reach people within seconds For example, the way people connect from letter to telephone, and then is mobile phone It has become easy to connect with people immediately Secondly, technology has drastically /ˈdræstɪkli/ changed the way people communicate with each other through the internet We can talk face-to-face, and make video calls by using social applications like messenger, Zalo, Viber, etc In conclusion, technology helps to improve communication, access to information, and as well as improve work efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃnsi/ and productivity b How job opportunities differ for those who have computer skills from those who not With the penetration /ˌpenəˈtreɪʃn/ of information technology into every walk of life and business, computer skills have become an essential requirement for workers To begin with, modern businesses rely heavily on computerized /kəm ˈpjuːtəraɪz/ technology to efficiently complete vast amounts of tasks Therefore, companies need their employees to be able to operate computer programs efficiently and quickly to complete tasks, as well as improve productivity and solve complex problems As a result, people who have computer skills are in a higher position in the labor market compared to those who not have the skills First, the ability to use a variety of computer programs is an important skill to put on a CV and in further career It not only helps employees in applying for their jobs but also increases their salary as/ because they can take on more responsibility Second, if they are unemployed, they can find new jobs related to their old ones or their strengths more easily thank to the knowledge of how to access and use the Internet opens up a variety of possibilities to communicate with both coworkers and recruiters /rɪˈkruːtər/ In conclusion, computer skills are essential and required by various employers Therefore, those who have the skills can apply for jobs, increase their future salary as well as find themselves other potential opportunities more quickly than those who not c Do you think the existence of computer in schools has improved the way students learn? Well, yes Computers are beneficial in so many aspects of learning and teaching First of all, it helps students learn more and learn better Having access to computers in the classroom allows students to learn about the relevant course and research materials quickly and efficiently with a simple click through the internet For example, students hundreds of years ago used to go to libraries, spending a great amount of time to find a book they thought would have some references, they read it and then spent the same time finding another when the last one did not meet their requirement Whereas, nowadays students can easily find various research materials and other relative information on the Internet with a simple click Second, it can save money Although devices such as Chromebooks, iPads, and computers all cost quite a bit of money, in the long term, they offer so many tools and applications to replace physical ones which can cost more than a device For instance, a price of an ebook file of a book is cheaper and more practical than a physical one and they don’t need a big bookshelf to store Besides, students can carry as many “books” as they want in their backpacks without worrying about their weight, book care, and so on Last but not least, computers in schools provide handy tools and opportunities for teachers as well Teachers enjoy technology because it offers plenty of tools, which are mostly free, to enhance classroom learning, communication with parents, and their own professional development In conclusion, the existence /ɪɡˈzɪstəns/ of computers in schools has efficiently improved the way students learn ENVIRONMENT a How will climate change affect where people live in the next ten years? Although climate change is a global issue, the effects of climate change are not the same around the world In general, I believe that there are several standing out changes as follows The first issue is that local temperatures will change significantly and some regions might warm more quickly than others In recent years, the weather in big cities around the world has been becoming hotter in summer and colder in winter Melting of sea ice will increase the level of seawater, which can cause lost land for residence and agriculture Second, climate change has significant impacts on human health and food production For example, increased temperatures, drought /draʊt/ and water stress, diseases, and weather extremes /ɪkˈstriːm/ create challenges for the farmers as well as harm livestock /ˈlaɪvstɑːk/ and plants Moreover, flooding /ˈflʌdɪŋ/ can lead to disease spread, and dry conditions lead to more wildfires, which bring many health risks Finally, as ocean temperatures rises, hurricanes /ˈhəriˌkān/ are getting stronger and wetter, which can cause direct and indirect damage to infrastructure In conclusion, the impacts of climate change on different sectors of society are interrelated Most of them already exist /iɡˈzist/ and they will continuously increase in the future b Do you think governments will pay more attention to climate change in the future? Global climate change - one of the top concerns of the world today - has been threatening society for a while now We are seeing more and more dangerous weather patterns emerging/əˈmərjiNG/, it's also accompanied by many negative effects So I think governments will have to pay more attention to this issue both now and future Firstly, the role of governments is important in increasing people's understanding and awareness of the threats to climate change People in many places in the world are not directly affected /əˈfektɪd/ by climate change They cannot directly see the effects of an issue and fail to recognize the imminent/ ˈimənənt/ threat But the harsh reality /riˈæləti/ is that climate change has been threatening society for a while now Secondly, each government has a responsibility to care for its people, and the power to influence its country on environmental protection and climate change by enacting /ɪˈnækting/ regulations and laws For example, they should issue a ban on single-use plastic bags, to make the dangers that single-use plastic bags pose to the environment Each person with a small action will contribute to slowing down global warming rates and preserving the earth In conclusion, climate change is an issue for everyone, in every country Therefore, the least we can is support the good implementation /ˌɪmplɪmenˈteɪʃn/ of government policies on environmental protection and climate change reduction /rɪˈdʌkʃn/ c What can we to help reduce global warming? I believe that global warming is a serious problem that can not be solved in a short term; however, there are some ways people can to make a difference First, people should power their homes with renewable energy For example, replace household utilities/ juːˈtɪləti/ with ones that use wind or solar energy That can not only help save electricity but also help people save a great amount of money on their electric bills Second, reducing water waste is another good way to this Because it takes a lot of energy to pump, heat, and treat water, saving water reduces carbon/ ˈkärbən/ pollution To illustrate, people can take shorter showers and turn off the tap while brushing their teeth or washing things Third, people should actually eat the food they buy, and if they can not, they should compost it Growing, processing, packing and shipping food takes a great amount of energy, and the one used to burn wasted food in the landfill is even more than that Whereas, recycling food and other organic waste into compost provides a range of environmental benefits, including improving soil health, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, recycling nutrients, and mitigating the impact of droughts In conclusion, some ways people can to help slow down global warming can be named as using renewable energy, reducing water and food waste SOCIAL ASPECTS a How important you consider a good salary is for job satisfaction? Well, although I personally believe that a good salary has a significant contribution to job satisfaction, there are still many critical aspects to consider To begin with, it is true that money is almost everyone’s concern when they apply for a job Money is an important tool for people to deal with immediate /i ˈmēdēət/ essential problems such as rent, moving costs, daily expenses, savings, and so on However, if people don’t like what they do, it will be torture /ˈtɔːrtʃər/ for them, and I don’t believe that they can be persistent and productive in such a situation People become excellent and improve themselves with their fondness for their job, and clearly, no money can buy job achievements and enthusiasm In addition, the working environment contributes an important part to job satisfaction Even though workers are offered a good deal of salary, they still easily quit/ kwit/ their jobs if they are not supported by their managers and peers or if there is too much work needed to be done while their salary is limited In conclusion, apart from salary, there are still other factors that contribute to job satisfaction, such as job enthusiasm, and working environment b Do you think that in the future people will retire at an earlier or later than they now? I personally believe that, in the future, people will retire earlier than they at the present To begin with, the issue of the “retirement age” becomes a bit irrelevant as long as someone is enjoying their work or activities If 25-year-old workers spend their time wisely /ˈwaɪzli/ and efficiently, they could retire at 50 or younger to enjoy their life before starting to consider themselves as “senior” citizen at an age of 60 In addition, according to some recent surveys, a major of people of working age choose to retire at an early age Since they have good financial security, they want to spend more time with families and enjoy things when they would still remain healthy and active both mentally and physically Furthermore, many young people of Gen Z, who will surely be dominant in the future, are on the road to saving for their early retirement based on the save-forretirement drumbeat recently They want to gain different experiences before shifting to something new instead of looking to move up the corporate ladder like the previous generations To sum up, many signals are showing that people are planning to retire at early age recently, and I believe that this trend will continue to grow in the future c How, you think, our working hours will change in the future? I believe that the number of working hours will probably be significantly reduced To begin with, there is a common belief that the length of the working week does not reflect the modern lifestyle; therefore the working week should be reduced to give people more leisure time and time with their family In other words, they suggest it is necessary to go down work time to less than 40 hours per week because the remaining time after eight working hours per day, six days a week is little and this leads to a number of psychological as well as social problems In addition, governments will also increase the number of days off in a year Employees will be entitled to an increase in the number of public holidays, days off on each occasion, and vacation days during the year while still receiving the full salary Moreover, in the face of competitive pressure, enterprises will invest in technology, equipment, and machinery as well as a training method to improve the skills and techniques of employees; therefore, workers' work will be lighter and less stressful To sum up, I personally believe the number of working hours in the future will be significantly reduced to less than 40 hours per week as well as the number of days off in a year will increase