Innovative Software Development in GIS www.it-ebooks.info Innovative Software Development in GIS Edited by Bénédicte Bucher Florence Le Ber www.it-ebooks.info First published 2012 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licenses issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address: ISTE Ltd John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 27-37 St George’s Road 111 River Street London SW19 4EU Hoboken, NJ 07030 UK USA www.iste.co.uk www.wiley.com © ISTE Ltd 2012 The rights of Bénédicte Bucher and Florence Le Ber to be identified as the author of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. ____________________________________________________________________________________ Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Innovative software development in GIS / edited by Florence Le Ber [and] Benedicte Bucher. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-84821-364-7 1. Geographic information systems. 2. Geography Data processing. 3. Geomatics. I. Le Ber, Florence. II. Bucher, Bénédicte. G70.212.I556 2012 910.285 dc23 2012008578 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: 978-1-84821-364-7 Printed and bound in Great Britain by CPI Group (UK) Ltd., Croydon, Surrey CR0 4YY www.it-ebooks.info Table of Contents Chapter 1. Introduction 1 Bénédicte B UCHE R and Florence L E BER 1.1. Geomatics software 2 1.1.1. Digital geographical data 2 1.1.2. GIS-tools 5 1.1.3. Software innovation and geomatics research 9 1.2. Pooling 12 1.2.1. The need for p ooling and its relevance 12 1.2.2. Reflection opportunity on geomatics pooling 13 1.2.3. Pooling within the M AGIS research group 15 1.3. Book outline 17 1.4. Bibliography 18 P ART 1. S OFTWARE PRES ENTAT ION 23 Chapter 2. O RBISGIS: Geographical Information System Designed by and for Research 25 Erwan B OCHER and Gwendall PETIT 2.1. Introduction 25 2.2. Background history 26 2.3. Major functionalities 30 www.it-ebooks.info vi Innovative Software Development in GIS 2.3.1. Language and spatial analysis 30 2.3.2. Representation: style and cartography 35 2.3.3. Other functionalities 36 2.3.3.1. Visualization 36 2.3.3.2. Editing 37 2.3.3.3. OGC flux 38 2.4. Architecture and graphical interface 39 2.4.1. Architecture and models 39 2.4.1.1. Creating a plugin 40 2.4.1.2. Manipulating data 41 2.4.2. Graphical interface 47 2.4.2.1. The GeoCatalog 47 2.4.2.2. The GeoCognition 47 2.4.2.3. The Map and the TOC 48 2.5. Examples of use 48 2.5.1. Spatial diachronic analysis of urban sprawl 48 2.5.2. Spatial hydrologic analysis 51 2.5.3. Geolocation 56 2.5.3.1. Geocoding 57 2.5.3.2. Geographical rectification 57 2.6. Community 61 2.7. Conclusion and perspectives 63 2.8. Acknowledgments 64 2.9. Bibliography 64 Chapter 3. G EOXYGENE: an Interoperable Platform for Geographical Application Development 67 Éric G ROSSO, Julien PERRET and Mickaël BRASEBIN 3.1. Introduction 67 3.2. Background history 68 3.3. Major functionalities and examples of use 69 3.3.1. Generic functionalities 70 3.3.2. Use case: building data manipulation 70 3.3.2.1. Data 70 www.it-ebooks.info Table of Contents vii 3.3.2.2. The data schema: the Building class 72 3.3.2.3. Object-relational mapping with OJB 73 3.3.2.4. A processing example: building urban areas 73 3.4. Architecture 75 3.4.1. The core 76 3.4.2. First applicative layer: the basic applications 77 3.4.3. Second applicative layer: the expert applications 78 3.4.3.1. Semiology modules 80 3.4.3.2. G EOXYG ENE 3D module 80 3.4.3.3. G EOXYG ENE spatiotemporal module 82 3.5. Communities 84 3.6. Conclusion 86 3.7. Bibliography 88 Chapter 4. Spatiotemporal Knowledge Representation in A ROM-ST 91 Bogdan M OISUC, Alina MIRON,Marlène V ILLANOVA-OLIVIER and Jérôme GENSEL 4.1. Introduction 91 4.2. From A ROM to AROM-ST 93 4.2.1. A ROM in context: a knowledge representation tool 93 4.2.2. Originalities 95 4.2.3. Why a spatiotemporal extension? 96 4.2.3.1. Existence 96 4.2.3.2. A ROM’s contribution 97 4.3. A ROM-ST 100 4.3.1. Metamodel 100 4.3.2. Objects and time relationships 102 4.3.3. Space and time types 107 4.3.4. Spatial modeling example with A ROM 108 www.it-ebooks.info viii Innovative Software Development in GIS 4.4. From AROM-OWL to ONT OAST 112 4.5. Architecture 113 4.6. Community 115 4.7. Conclusions and prospects 116 4.8. Bibliography 117 Chapter 5. G ENGHIS: an Environment for the Generation of Spatiotemporal Visualization Interfaces 121 Paule-Annick D AVOINE,BogdanMOISUC and Jérôme G ENSEL 5.1. Introduction 121 5.2. Context 122 5.2.1. The S PHERE and SIDIRA applications: two applications devoted to visualizing data linked to natural risks 123 5.2.2. G ENGHIS: a generator of geovisualization applications devoted to multi-dimensional environmental data 125 5.3. Functionalities linked to the generation of geovisualization applications 127 5.3.1. Use cases for G ENGHIS 127 5.3.2. Instancing the data model and the knowledge base 128 5.3.3. Editing the presentation model 130 5.3.4. Generating the geovisualization interface 132 5.4. Functionalities of the geovisualization application generated by G ENGHIS 133 5.4.1. Spatial frame functionalities 135 5.4.2. Temporal frame functionalities 135 5.4.3. Informational frame functionalities 137 5.4.4. Interactivity and synchronization principles 138 5.5. Architecture 140 5.6. Scope and user communities 141 www.it-ebooks.info Table of Contents ix 5.6.1. Natural risks: a privileged scope 141 5.6.1.1. The S IHREN application 142 5.6.1.2. The M OVIS S application 144 5.6.2. User community 146 5.7. Conclusion and perspectives 147 5.8. Acknowledgments 148 5.9. Bibliography 149 Chapter 6. G EOLIS: a Logical Information System to Organize a nd Search Geo-Located Data 151 Olivier B EDEL, Sébastien F ERRÉ and Olivier RIDOUX 6.1. Introduction 151 6.2. Background history 152 6.3. Main functionalities and use cases 153 6.3.1. Geographical data visualization and exploration 156 6.3.1.1. Virtual layers: queries and extensions 157 6.3.1.2. Visualizing a virtual layer: map and navigation index 158 6.3.1.3. Building and transforming virtual layers: navigation links 163 6.3.2. Representation of geographical data and spatial reasoning 168 6.3.2.1. Representing spatial properties 169 6.3.2.2. Representing spatial relations 172 6.3.3. Use cases 174 6.3.3.1. Direct search 175 6.3.3.2. Targeted search 176 6.3.3.3. Exploratory search 177 6.3.3.4. Knowledge search 180 6.4. Architecture 182 6.5. Users and developers 184 6.6. Conclusion 186 6.7. Bibliography 186 www.it-ebooks.info x Innovative Software Development in GIS Chapter 7. GENEXP-L ANDSITES:a2D Agricultural Landscape Generating Piece of Software 189 Florence L E BER and Jean-François MARI 7.1. Introduction 189 7.2. Context 190 7.3. Major functionalities 193 7.3.1. Point generation 194 7.3.2. Field pattern simulation 194 7.3.2.1. Voronoï diagrams 195 7.3.2.2. Random rectangular tesselation 196 7.3.3. Cropping pattern simulation 198 7.3.3.1. Stationary method 198 7.3.3.2. Taking into account succession changes 199 7.3.3.3. Future changes 199 7.3.4. Post-production, spatial analysis, and formats 200 7.3.4.1. Post-production 200 7.3.4.2. Spatial analysis 200 7.3.4.3. Formats, import, and export 201 7.4. Case uses 201 7.5. Architecture 204 7.5.1. The application Core 205 7.5.2. Separating graphical classes from business classes 205 7.5.3. The plugin system 206 7.5.4. Interface 206 7.6. Communities 207 7.7. Conclusion 209 7.8. Acknowledgments 209 7.9. Bibliography 210 www.it-ebooks.info Table of Contents xi Chapter 8. MDWEB: Cataloging and Locating Environmental Resources 215 Jean-Christophe D ESCONNETS and Thérèse LIBOUREL 8.1. Introduction 215 8.2. Context 216 8.2.1. Origins 216 8.2.2. Positioning 218 8.3. Major functionalities and case uses 220 8.3.1. Matching roles and functionalities 221 8.4. Cataloging functionality 224 8.4.1. Notion of metadata 225 8.4.2. Notion of metadata profile 226 8.4.3. A simplified view of cataloging 228 8.4.4. Cataloging in a multiuser context 232 8.4.5. Cataloging extensions 234 8.4.5.1. Help for metadata input 234 8.4.5.2. Metadata exchange 236 8.5. Locating functionality 238 8.5.1. Local and distant metadata querying 241 8.5.2. Monolingual or multilingual querying 241 8.6. Administration functionality 244 8.7. Architecture 247 8.8. User community 249 8.9. Conclusion 251 8.10. Bibliography 253 Chapter 9. W EBGEN: Web Services to Share Cartographic Generalization Tools 257 Moritz N EUN,NicolasRE GNAULD and Robert WEIBEL 9.1. Introduction 257 9.2. Historical background 258 9.3. Major functionalities 262 9.3.1. Uploading software tools 262 9.3.2. Requesting a service 263 9.3.3. Cataloging and discovering services 264 www.it-ebooks.info [...]... www.it-ebooks.info model 26 Innovative Software Development in GIS – representation and processing of spatial information (storage, modeling, multiscale simulation: time + 3D); – sharing geographical information O RBIS GIS was built on top of free and open source libraries It is distributed under a GPL 3 license (open source)3 O RBIS GIS s goal is to be a federating tool, gathering within the research... dissemination and progress In this book, we consider the term “pooling” as meaning the pooling of resources that come into play during the design and development of software, aiming for shared benefits These resources can be varied: abstract models, code, programming interfaces, financing, or yet experience in project management 1.2.1 The need for pooling and its relevance The relevance of pooling is... projects presented in this book Innovation can lie in the development of new analysis methods based on theories from mathematics or knowledge engineering fields It can also be by suggesting a new interface to disseminate existing functionalities on a broader level www.it-ebooks.info Introduction 11 Or yet, the innovation can be in the architecture itself The range of corresponding software solutions... research carried out in these laboratories focuses on localized services, www.it-ebooks.info 10 Innovative Software Development in GIS new map types, models and applications for sustainable development, geographical information integration, spatial analysis, simulation, and geographical information science epistemology, among others Geomatics research is often inseparable from software usage to manipulate... www.it-ebooks.info 18 Innovative Software Development in GIS – architecture: interface types for possible reuse; – associated communities: carriers, contributors, dissemination, and effectiveness of prospective use; – conclusion: feedback from experiments, perspectives, and legal considerations; – bibliography Following these detailed presentations, we will sketch an innovative GIS software development. .. www.it-ebooks.info PART 1 Software Presentation www.it-ebooks.info Chapter 2 O RBIS GIS: Geographical Information System Designed by and for Research 2.1 Introduction O RBIS GIS1 is a geographical information system (GIS) dedicated to scientific modeling and experimenting O RBIS GIS has been developed at the IRSTV, a French research institute dedicated to urban science and techniques2 since April 2007, within... participative GIS, which create new problems beyond the pooling of software components [MAR 08, TUR 08], due to www.it-ebooks.info 12 Innovative Software Development in GIS the rise of ubiquitous environments, localized services and ubiquitous cartography that also rise in importance 1.2 Pooling The term “pooling” is derived from the verb “to pool”, which can be defined as “to combine (as resources) in a common... particularly interesting standard for us is the Web Processing Services standard proposed by OGC It focuses on the online availability of geographical data processing to promote sharing and reuse Another element promoting pooling is the success of open source software projects Indeed, having access to a software s sources promotes its understanding and reuse due to the code and debugging documentation... Revue Internationale de Géomatique, vol 12, no 4, pp 461–487, 2002 [LAU 00] L AURINI R., G ORDILLO S., “Field orientation for continuous spatio-temporal phenomena”, Proceedings of the International Workshop on Emerging Technologies for Geo-Based Applications, Ascona, Switzerland, 2000 www.it-ebooks.info 20 Innovative Software Development in GIS [LIE 06] L IEBERMAN J., Geospatial semantic web interoperability... M.-A., L AURINI R., “A visual language for querying spatiotemporal databases”, Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Advances in Geographic Information Systems – ACM -GIS 1999, Kansas City, USA, pp 34–39, 1999 www.it-ebooks.info Introduction 19 [COU 92] C OUCLELIS H., “People manipulate objects (but cultivate fields): beyond the raster-vector debate in GIS , Proceedings of the International . Innovative Software Development in GIS www.it-ebooks.info Innovative Software Development in GIS Edited by Bénédicte Bucher. Published 2012 by ISTE Ltd. Innovative Software Development in GIS Edited by Bénédicte Bucher and Florence Le Ber www.it-ebooks.info 2 Innovative Software Development in GIS The rest of Chapter 1. 186 www.it-ebooks.info x Innovative Software Development in GIS Chapter 7. GENEXP-L ANDSITES:a2D Agricultural Landscape Generating Piece of Software 189 Florence L E BER and Jean-François MARI 7.1. Introduction