THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
Q W Oi ^â7 rq j>=c Q ãt>J' & n £ • B0 GIAO DVC VA DAO T^O 'fRU’d’^G ©41HQC SINH QUdC DAN £ 53L iW trAn quang ti£n B I ua ? «J yC srar m nyc hien oy an N*h|P VA TRUYEN THONG CUON H 'ã đ*C '-? >1 TS, nAC St Sr- f HANdl-2000 A BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN —————— - ———-— NANG CAO NANG LUC THUC HIEN DU AN ■ • ciffli ■ • fill L»J1 to’ LU AN AN THAC SI KINH TE Chuyen nganh: Kinh te Ndng nghiep va Phat tri&i nong thOn Giao vi£n htfdng dan: TS PHAM VAN KHOl ptj f Khoa Kinh te'NN & PTNT rq ■ _ \fVMG ——r TAM Tt.TT -ONG L UA* AN -1 VAN V;N | HA NOI ■ 2000 CAC TUT VIET TAT BDH DA Ban dieu hanh dir an CEDAW Cong udc Chong moi hinh thuc phan biet doi xtr vdi phu nu CRC Cong udc quoc te ve Quyen tre em CSBVTE Cham soc bao ve tre em FAO To chuc ltrong thirc the gidi HLHPNVN Hoi Lien hiep Phu nu* Viet Nam KHHGD Ke hoach hoa gia dinh KHKT Khoa hoc ky thuat MRDP Chtrong trinh phat trien nong thon mien nui Viet Nam - Thuv dien NDCCSS Nhtfng dieu can cho str song NN&PTNT Nong nghiep va Phat trien Nong thon PRA Danh gia nhanh co sir tham gia SIDA To chuc Phat trien quoc te ciia Thuv dien SCF/UK Quy cuu trq nhi dong Anh TYM Quy Tinh thuong TW Trung irong TD&TK Tin dung - Tiet kiem UNICEF Quy Nhi dong Lien hiep quoc XMC Xoa mu chu XDGN Xoa doi giam ngheo it MUC LUC L0I MO DAU Ti'nh cap thiet cua luan an Muc dfch va nhiem vu nghien cuu Doi tuqng va pham vi nghien cuu Phuong phap nghien cuu Nhung dong gop khoa hoc cua luan an Ket cau cua luan an CHUONG NHUNG VAN DE LY LUAN VA THUC TlfiN vfi DU AN PHAT TRIEN NONG THON 1.1 Khai niem, dac diem va phan loai dir an phat trien nong thon 1.1.1 Khai niem va dac diem du an phat trien nong thon 1.1.2 Phan loai du an phat trien nong thon 1.2 Vai tro cua dir an phat trien nong thdn su nghiep xoa doi giam ngheo d nude ta 1.3 Nhung noi dung chu yeu cua xay dung, thuc hien dir an phat trien nong thon 13 1.3.1 Phuong phap co ban xay dung dir an phat trien nong thon 13 1.3.2 Quan ly, giam sat va danh gia du an phat trien nong thon 23 1.3.3 Quan diem ve su ben vung cac du an phat trien nong thon 28 1.4 Kinh nghiem thuc hien mot so dir an phat trien nong thon 31 1.4.1 Du an Tin dung - Tiet kiem cong dong cua to chuc Quy cuu tro nhi dong Anh (SCF/UK) 31 1.4.2 Du an Quy Tinh thuong (TYM) 35 1.4.3 Nhung ket luan rut tir nghien cuu cac du an 38 CHUONG 2: THUC TRANG XAY DUNG VA TO CHUC THUC HIEN DU AN "TANG THU NHAP VA TRUYEN THONG CUON SACH NHUNG DIEU CAN CHO SVSONG" 2.1 Co so hinh du an 41 2.1.1 Nhung yeu cau cua phat trien nong nghiep nong thon 41 2.1.2 Hoi Lien hiep phu nu Viet Nam va qua trinh truyen thong cuon sach Nhung di£u can cho sir song 42 2.1.3 Dac diem tu nhien, kinh te - xa hoi tai nhung xa diem du an .44 iii 2.2 Thuc trang xay dung, trien khai dir an 46 2.2.1 Qua trinh xay dung, hoan thien cau true du an 46 2.2.2 Cac budc trien khai du an tai co so 53 2.2.3 Danh gia thuc trang xay dung va thuc hien du an nhung nam qua 56 2.3 Nhung van de dat xay dung va to chuc thuc hien du an 85 2.3.1 Khi bat dau xay dung dir an, cac muc tieu chua duqc xac dinh 85 2.3.2 Mo hinh hoat dong cua du an chu’a thuc sir linh hoat, 86 2.3.3 Qua trinh lap va phe duyet ke hoach hoat dong 87 2.3.4 Viec lira chon doi tuqng tham gia du an o mot so noi 88 2.3.5 Con nhieu tdn tai qua trinh thuc hien co che tin dung 89 2.3.6 Chat luqng sinh hoat nhom cang giam, thieu kinh phi 90 2.3.7 Nhung van de co lien quan den can bo dir an va cong tac dao tao 91 2.3.8 Muc giam sat, danh gia dir an thap, pham vi hep 92 2.3.9 Thieu su phoi hop, long ghep vdi cac du an khac 93 CHITONG 3: CAC GIAI PHAP CHU YEU NHAM NANG CAO NANG LUC THUC HIEN DU AN “TANG THU NHAP VA TRUYEN THONG CUON SACH NHUNG DIEU CAN CHO SUSONG" 3.1 Dinh huemg hoat dong du an giai doan 2001-2005 94 3.1.1 Boi canh 94 3.1.2 Muc tieu cua UNICEF va Hoi LHPN Viet Nam 95 3.1.3 Huong phat trien cua du an 98 3.2 Cac giai phap chii yeu nang cao nang luc thuc hien du an 105 3.2.1 Nhanh chong hoan thien chien luqc, co che hoat dong 106 3.2.2 Tiep tuc cac hoat dong cung co, nang cao nang luc quan ly Ill 2.3 Doi moi noi dung hoat dong cua du an cho phii hop vdi tinh hinh 114 2.4 Tiep tuc cung cd bo may quan ly, tang cudng sir long ghep du an 115 3.3 Khuyen nghi de thuc hien cac giai phap nang cao nang luc Error! Bookmark not defined 3.3.1 Doi vdi Chinh phu 116 3.3.2 Doi vdi co quan tai trp du an (UNICEF) 1197 3.3.3 Doi vdi Hoi LHPN cac cap va cac to chuc co lien quan 118 KET LUAN PHU LUC DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO LOI MO DAU TINH CAP THIET CUA LUAN AN Ngay nay, xoa doi giam ngheo da tro van de co tinh toan cau, duqc moi quoc gia quan tarn, nhat la nhung nude dang phat trien Vdi muc tieu phat trien ndn kinh te on dinh, giam bdt su phan hoa giua cac tang ldp dan cu, giua nong thon va thi, cac quoc gia dang co gang danh nhung khoan ngan sach dang ke de dau tu cho phat trien nong nghiep, nong thon Doi vdi nude ta, xoa doi giam ngheo da trd nhiem vu cd y nghia kinh te, chfnh tri, xa hoi to ldn, duqc the hien ro cac Nghi quyet cua Dang, Chfnh phu va trd cuoc van dong ldn, thu hut nhiSu nganh, nhieu td chuc doan the va to chuc quoc te tham gia Dir an "Tang thu nhap va truyen thong cuon sach Nhilng dieu can cho su! song" la mot nhung du an ldn Hoi Lien Hiep Phu Nu (HLHPN) Viet Nam dieu hanh dudi su tai tro cua Quy nhi dong Lien hiep quoc (UNICEF) Day la du an long ghep cac muc tieu: tang thu nhap gia dinh, cai thien tinh trang dinh du’dng, sure khoe, trinh hoc van cua nhung phu nu ngheo va tre em nong thon Vdi nhung hinh thurc va noi dung hoat dong cu the, du an da dap ling duqc nhu cau buc xue cua co so Do vay, chi mot thdi gian ngdn, du an da duqc md rong tren pham vi gan 200 xa thuoc 28 tinh, pho, duqc ngudi dan nhiet tinh don nhan Nhung dong gop cua du an da gop phan vao su phat trien toan dien kinh te xa hoi nong thon, dac biet o nhung vung sau, vung xa, vung dan toe thieu so; da gop phan lam thay doi dia vi ngudi phu nu ngheo gia dinh cung nhu ngoai xa hoi Ben canh do, du an cung gap nhung kho khan, ton tai qua trinh trien khai Nhung tac dong khach quan tu ncn kinh te Viet Nam va tu thien tai da lam giam dang ke nhung qua cua du an Tuy nhien, nhung nguyen nhan chu quan, chu yeu la nang lire thuc hien du an han che la nhung nguyen nhan chfnh De cd nhung giai phap huu hieu nang cao nang lire thuc hien dir an va gop phan quan vao trien khai thirc hien giai doan (2001-2005), can co nhung nghien curu, danh gia thirc trang dir an hien Tir nhu cau tren toi chon van de: "Nang cao nang life thuc hien du an: Tang thu nhap va truyen thong cuon sach Nhung dieu can cho su song" lam de tai nghien cun luan an thac sy kinh te MUC DICH VA NHIEM VU NGHIEN CQU trien nong nghiep nong thon didu kien cua nen kinh te th i trirdng 2.2 Phan tfch tinh hinh trien khai thuc hien dir an: “Tang thu nhap va truyen thong cuon sach Nhitng dieu can cho su song" nhung nam qua, dac biet tap trung vao viec thuc hien ke hoach chien luqc dir an giai doan 1996-2000 Danh gia ket qua dat dupe cua du an, tim nhung can trd, nhtrng van de dat doi vdi dir an hien 2.3 Dua nhung giai phap nhSm nang cao nang lire thirc hien du' an, tien tdi sir ben vung va de xuat nhung kien nghi cho viec thirc hien cd hieu qua ke hoach chien luqc du an giai doan 2001-2005 DOI Til'd NG VA PHAM VI NGHIEN CLfU 3.1 Doi tuffng nghien citu Nhung van dd kinh te, to chtrc chu tiinh dir an "Tang thu nhap va truyen thong cuon sach Nhung dieu can cho su song" HLHPN Viet Nam dieu hanh dudi su tai tip cua Quy nhi dong Lien hiep quoc 3.2 Pham vi nghien cuu + Ve khong gian: Dd tai nghien curu nhung van de chfnh cua du an dang didn tren pham vi 22 tinh thuc hien dir an + Vd thdi gian: Nghien cu'u toan bo qua trinh trien khai giai doan I cua du an va budc chuan bi cho giai doan 2001 - 2005 PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU Ngoai cac phuong phap vat bien chtrng, vat lich str, luan an su' dung cac phuong phap nghien cuu cu the sau: + Phuong phap thu thap thong tin, tu lieu co san ve tinh hinh mot so du an Hoi LHPNVN va cac to churc khac thuc hien + Phuong phap tong hop, phan tfch thong ke va so sanh nho su giup cua cac chuong trinh xu ly so lieu tren may vi tinh + Phuong phap khao sat, phong van true tiep cac doi tuqng co lien quan den du an NHUNG DONG GOP KHOA HOC CUA LUAN AN • He thong hoa duqc mot so van de ve ly luan du an phat trien nong thon, phuong phap Khung Ld gic de xay dung du an, quan diem ve phat trien ben vung du an phat trien nong thon • Van dung duqc nhung van de ly luan de’ danh gia qua trinh xay dung va thuc hien du an “Tang thu nhap va truydn thong cuon sach Nhung dieu can cho su song” Trong da tap trung lam ro nhung dac diem noi bat co che du an, nhung ket qua va nhung ton tai chu yeu qua trinh thuc hien du an • Dua duqc nhung giai phap cu the de nang cao nang luc thuc hien du an boi canh chung cua dat nude va tren co so noi dung van kien chuong trinh hop tac Viet Nam - UNICEF giai doan 2001-2005 KET CAU CUA LUAN AN Ngoai Idi mo dau, ket luan va danh muc cac tai lieu tham khao, ket cau luan an gom chuong: Chuong I: Nhung van de ly luan va thuc tibn ve du an phat trien nong thon Chuong II: Thuc trang xay dung va to chuc thuc hien du an “Tang thu nhap va truyen thong cuon sach nhung dibu can cho su song” Chuong III: Cac giai phap chu yeu nhSm nang cao nang luc thuc hien du an “Tang thu nhap va truyen thong cuon sach Nhung dieu can cho su song” CHUONG1 nhung van de ly luan va thuc tien ve du an ■ ■ ■ PHAT TRIEN NONG THON 1.1 KHAI NIEM, DAC DIEM VA PHAN LOAI DU AN PHAT TRIEN NONG THON 1.1.1 Khai niem va dac diem du’ an phat trien nong thon 1.1.1.1 Khai niem dd an phat trien nong thon Nong thon la pham tru phan anh nhung dac trung khac biet vdi thi d chd: la noi song va lam viec cua cong dong ngudi chu yeu la nong dan vdi mat dan cu thap, co cau tang kem phat trien, cac dieu kien song va lam viec co nhieu kho khan, trinh tiep can thi trudng va san xuat hang hoa thap hon Vdi nhung dac trung tren, viec dau tu day nhanh su phat trien kinh te, xa hoi nong thon la viec lam vUa co ban, vua cap bach va mang tinh lau dai Dua theo tien trinh lich su co rat nhieu quan diem khac ve phat trien nong thon Quan diem cu cho rang: Phat trien nong thon la nhung thay doi can thiet d cac vung nong thon Nhung gi duoc coi la can lai khac d titng nudc, titng vung, tutng dia phuong Theo quan diem thong thudng ban chat, cua phat trien la tang trudng va hien dai hoa lam cho ngudi ngheo cang ngheo hon, rang qua cua chinh su gia tang san xuat nong nghiep thudng lai roi vao tui cua ngudi dan thi va ke kha gia nong thon va cac dich vu nong thon mang lai nhieu loi ich cho ke giau va co nhieu quyen luc hon la cho ngudi ngheo [20,10] Ngay nay, nhieu quoc gia da dat muc tieu phat trien len tren muc tieu tang trudng Theo xu hudng do, quan diem mdi ve phat trien nong thon da duqc hinh thanh: phat trien nong thon la mot chien luoc nham cai thien ddi song kinh te xa hoi cua nhung ngudi dan ngheo, phat trien nong thon bao gdm viec ma rong dien ngudi duqc hudng lai ich cua phat trien tai nhung ngudi ngheo nhat so nhung ngudi sinh song tai cac vung nong thon [20,18] Du theo quan diem nao, mot van de da duqc thuc tien chung minh la can tang cUdng dau tu cho ndng thon va phuang thuc dau tu cd hieu qua nhat la dau tu qua cac chuang trinh va du an Co the hieu du an dudi nhieu goc khac nhung ve mat hinh thuc, du an la mot tap ho sa tai lieu, trinh bay mot each chi tie't va he thong cac hoat dong se duqc thuc hien vdi cac nguon luc va chi phi, duqc bo tri theo mot ke hoach chat che nham dat duqc nhung ket qua cu the de thuc hien nhung muc tieu kinh te xa hoi nhat dinh Mot du an cu the bao gdm: Cac muc tieu cua du an: la nhung ket qua va lqi fch ma du an dem lai cho nha dau tu va cho xa hoi Ve mat ban chat, muc tieu duqc mo ta cho thay tinh hinh tuong lai mot van de neu duqc giai quyet Cac hoat dong de thuc hien nhung muc tieu du an: Co the cd nhieu hoat dong, nhieu giai phap mot du an va muon dat duqc muc tieu du an can phai hoan cac hoat dong vdi hieu qua cao nhat Cac nguon luc can thiet de thuc hien cac hoat dong cua du an, bao gdm cac nguon luc ve tai chinh, nhan luc, vat tu, thiet bi Theo logic khoa hoc, du an la su trien khai cu the cua chuong trinh Vi vay: Du an phat trien Id su cu the hod cac ke hoach cua chuang trinh phat trien ndng thon nham bo tri su dung cac nguon luc ve tai chinh, phuang tien, vat tu va cac nhan luc de dat duqc muc tieu phat trien ben vung ndng thon Du an thuc hien nham thoa man lqi ich cac ben lien quan den du an nhu dan cu ndng thon, ca quan tai trq va cac to chuc chinh phu, phi chinh phu [20,28] nghiem Chien luqc can duqc ap dung cho ca nhung xa da ket thuc hoac dang vay von dir an Tren thirc te mot so noi da lam dirpc viec nhung d nhung muc khac Phan ldn cac hoat dong vay von duoc didn dudi dang tin chap cua cac td/nhom hoac tir ca nhan thirc hien Noi dung hoat dong don gian, don thuan la phat trien kinh te gia dinh Chinh v'l vay, de co the tiep tuc mo hinh du- an, giup phu nu ngheo va tre em co dieu kien phat trien toan dien, thoi gian tdi, Hoi LHPN TW va tinh can cd cac cuoc tiep xuc vdi ngan hang NN&PTNT de di den mot thoa thuan la ngan hang se cung cap von cho cac nhom phu nu da thuc hien du an cong thong qua hinh thuc tin chap Bdng nguon von ngan hang, ket hqp vdi nguon von tir cd, cac xa vln cd the tiep tuc tri hoat dong cua minh Mot van de can liru y d day la Hoi phu nu va ngan hang can cd nhung thong nhat cu the vd trach nhiem va quyen lqi cua mdi ben dac biet la che khuyen khich cho can bo xa nhom tham gia Khung 3: Be xuat mo hinh hoat dong tai cac xa sau von du an rut di - Nguon von: quy tang trudng von (20-25 trieu) quy tiet kiem (60-80 trieu) va lien ket vdi ngan hang (tang ngudn von) - Doi tuong: nhung ngudi ngheo, uu tien nhung ngudi tham gia du an Khong co dinh sd luqng ngudi vay - Co che cho vay linh hoat ve mire vay, co che hoan tra goc - Duy tri tiet kiem, hoan tra lai va sinh hoat nhom hang thang - Lai suat: tinh toan theo hudng ben vung va hqp ly (dam bao tinh canh tranh) - Thii tuc dun gian, hap dSn ngudi vay - Tang cudng cac hoat dong nang cao hieu qua sir dung von co chi phi thap - Sir dung tdi da kinh nghiem, ky nang va he thong quan ly da co sSn - Tiep tuc cac hoat dong truyen thong, giao due cho phu nu va tre em - Duqc the che hoa va co tu each phap nhan, hoat dong khong vi muc tieu lqi nhuan 109 Tiep tuc hoan thien ca che hoat dong tin dung - tiet kiem long ghep vdi truyen thong cuon sach NDCCSS de dam bao cho cac xa thuc hien cong du an Can phai tao mot co che thong nhat nhung lai linh hoat, phu hop vdi tung dia phuong Co che phai dong vien su tham gia cua nguoi vay cung nhu cac can bo du an co so De dap Ung duoc nhung yeu cau do, can phai danh gia lai viec thuc hien du an tai tat ca cac tinh tren nhung nguyen tac, quy che du an va theo hudng ben vung cua mo hinh Trong dieu kien khong the ap dung duoc mo hinh nhu hien thi nen nghien cuu de co quyet dinh dut khoat Neu co kha nang quan ly, su cam ket cua cac cap du an cao thi co the phan cap quan ly, giao cho tinh nghien cuu ap dung mo hinh hop ly, don gian Trong trudng hop nguoc lai nen cham dut du an va chuyen von sang dia phuong khac lam tdt hon Xay dung mot co che lai sua't linh hoat, theo hudng ben vung la mot nhung nhiem vu tam cua du ' an Nen dua co che linh hoat ve lai suat cho vay va su dung tien lai Dua theo quy trinh xac dinh lai sua't va tinh hinh lai sua't thi trudng de xac dinh muc lai sua't hop ly cho du an Nen phan cap cho nhung tinh co ' du nang luc va kinh nghiem thuc hien nhiem vu Do'i vdi nhung xa co thdi gian thuc hien khac nhau, co the ap dung muc lai suat khac theo hudng dam bao tinh ben vung, giam bdt su phu thuoc vao nguon luc ben ngoai Ben canh do, de tang suc canh tranh cho cac nguon vo'n vay du an, cong tac truyen thong ve loi ich cua du an va thuc hien don gian hoa cac thu tuc hanh chinh cho ngudi vay cung can duoc thuc hien Can phai lam cho ho nhan thuc duoc tham gia vao du an co chi phi co hoi thap nhat va cho hieu qua cao nhat Sdm co quyet dinh ve viec su dung so tien von luan chuyen thu hoi duac td cac xa ket thuc du an sau da hoan muc tieu cua ke hoach nam 1996-2000 Co the khang dinh vdi viec mo rong them 18 xa du an nam 2000, muc tieu cua chuong trinh hop tac quoc gia da duoc thuc hien Sang chu ky tdi, co su thay doi can ban ve noi dung va phuong thuc 110 tac dong den cac doi tuong dir an Co che hoat ddng tai cac xa cung thay doi Vi vay so tidn thu hoi duoc nen sir dung nhu the nao? Theo chung tdi, dit an nen trao quyen cho cap tinh tiep tuc tut to chute hoat dong theo mo hinh dit an tai dia phitang Trong trudng hop dia phuong khong co nhu cau vay von (chi dat sau nam 2003) thi TW se cung tinh quyet dinh su dung so tien cho cac hoat dong phi tai chinh vi tre em va phu nu ngheo 3.2.3 Tiep tuc cac hoat dong ciing cd, nang cao nang luc quan ly thuc hien du an, nhat la nang luc quan ly tai chinh Day la hoat dong da duqc tang cudng nam grin day nhung theo chung toi van can phai tiep tuc dupc day manh thoi gian tdi, dac biet cho nhirng xa dang thuc hien du an Day se la su hd trp can thiet de cac nhom tir ciing cd kha nang quan ly trudc budc vao giai doan phat trien cao hon Trutdc mdt, can hoan thien he thong cong cu quan ly dit an va tiep tuc dao tao nghiep vu cho doi ngu can bo dit an co so He thong quan ly tai chinh can nhanh chong dupc vi tfnh hoa va dao tao cho dpi ngu can bo nhirng kien thuc va ky nang sir dung may vi tfnh cho quan ly du an Ben canh do, dpi ngu can bo cap tinh va dac biet la cap TW cdn phai dupc dao tao tuong doi bai ban ve nhung ky nang quan ly du an, nhat la kiem soat va phan tich thong tin du an Doi vdi can bo cap xa va nhom, du an can tien hanh dao tao lai ve each ghi chep so sach, lap bao cao cung nhu nhung quy dinh cu the quy che mdi cua du an De tao dupc tien dd tot cho su ben vung sau nay, dpi ngu can bo co so phai dupc dao tao ve phap luat, nguyen tic tai chinh, tu hach toan; each lap ke hoach va to chuc cac hoat dong cu the Nhm chung, dpi ngu can bo du an cac cap chua cd nhung hieu biet ro rang va day du ve Phat trien ben vitng va sit can thiet phai dp dung 111 no vao du an Chfnh vi vay can co cac hanh dong de thuc day tn tuong du an Chat luong dao tao chua dap ung duoc vdi yen cau dat la mot nhung ton tai can duoc khac phuc thdi gian tdi De lam duoc dieu do, trudc het can cai tien noi dung dao tao theo hudng dua them nhung noi dung mdi, thiet thuc va dao tao theo cap tu co ban den chuyen gau Phuong phap dao tao cung can phai thay doi de loi cuon moi ngudi cung tham gia Dong thdi can tang cudng kiem goat hoat dong dao tao tai co go, bang nhieu hinh thuc nhu truc tiep giam gat, gui phieu tham dd hoac kiem tra noi dung chuan bi giang De nang cao nang luc cho can bo dia phuong dong thdi cai tien chat luong dao tao, du an cung co the ap dung hinh thuc “dao tao cheo” Nghia la lua chon can bo du an cua tinh di dao tao cho tinh khac Ben canh do, can bo TW cung can tang cudng dao tao diem tai co go de rut kinh nghiem va dam bao chuong trinh dao tao duoc tuan thu chat che Tang cudng su kiem tra, giam sat tinh hinh thuc hien tai co so de kip thdi phat hien nhung sai sot va co bien phap giai quyet kip thdi Co the thay he thong cong cu giam gat cac hoat dong tin dung - tiet kiem da tuong do'i hoan chinh nhung viec thuc hien no lai chua thuc gu tot, nhat la che bao cao va tin cay cua thong tin Viec trao doi thong tin thudng xuyen vdi co go va tang cudng cac hoat dong di thuc dia la phuong phap tot de giam bdt nhung gai lech thuc hien va bao cao, dam bao cho thong tin duoc kip thdi va day du De giam gat tien thuc hien cac hoat dong, du an can xay dung cac bang tinh tai chfnh ve nhung noi dung gau: - Ke hoach vay, hoan tra von vay cho tung nhom xa - Bang tinh tich luy ve quy tang truong von, quy rui ro va quy tiet kiem Sau mdi chu ky vay von hoac gau nam, tren co go tinh hinh thuc te de dieu chinh bang tinh cho chu ky/nam tiep theo 112 Cai thien viec thuc hien che bao cao dinh ky cua du an de dam bao cac thong tin du an duoc cap nhat, phan tich va co quyet dinh kip thdi, dung dan Dieu chu yeu b day la phai tang cudng su giam sat, doc thuc cua TW va tang cudng trach nhiem, tinh ky luat cua co sb viec tuan thu quy che du an Ben canh nhung bien phap khuyen khich nhung noi lam tot, du an cung can phai co nhung hinh thuc phat nhung noi khong thuc hien dung cam ket Tang cudng kiem soat no qua han bang nhieu hinh thuc va giup dd ca sd giai quyet dut diem tinh trang tren Trudc het can giup cac tinh xac dinh chinh xac so' von qua han hien tdi tung vien va phan tich cu the ve nguyen nhan, thdi gian qua han Doi vdi cac trudng hop qua han do yeu to khach quan nhu thien tai, dich benh mat mua, om nang, chet (Soc Trang, Tra Vinh, Thua Thien-Hue), nhieu nam van khong tra duoc, du an can xem xet den kha nang cua tung tinh de xet rui ro hoac quyet dinh khoanh no hay xoa no mot phan (de khong lam anh hubng xau den ket qua du an) Doi vdi cac trudng hop qua han ngudi vay co' tinh khong tra, can co cac bien phap xu ly kien quyet, neu thuyet phuc, van dong khong cong thi co the dung cac bien phap hanh chinh vdi su canh thiep cua chinh quyen Nang luc quan ly tai chinh cua can bo du an co sb chua dong deu va noi chung han che', nhat la kha nang kiem soat ve nguon von tu co (quy nhom/tien tiet kiem) Nhieu ngudi cho rang khong can phai qua chat che viec cho vay, thu hoi quy vi no la cua chinh ngudi vay Dieu de dan de'n nguy co vo va khong trang trai duoc cac rui ro Vi vay can tiep tuc quan triet cho ho ve mat nguyen tac tai chinh, nghiem tuc kiem diem, xu ly ky luat nhung can bo thie'u kien quye't hoac vi pham quy che du an 113 3.2.4 Doi mdi noi dung hoat dong cua du an cho phu hop vdi tinh hinh hien va muc tieu chuong trinh hop tac quoc gia giai doan 2001- 2005 Xuat phat diem cua du an la thuc hien hoat dong chinh: HO trq tang thu nhap va truydn thong noi dung cuon sach NDCCSS Trong qua trinh hoat dong, du an da long ghep nhidu noi dung khac nhu nang cao nhan thuc ky nang phan tich gidi, giao due xoa mil chu, nghien cuu ve tinh hinh phu nu tre em Co the thay nhung noi dung tren la can thiet va nd dong gop quan vao viec thuc hien muc tieu du an Thuc te da khang dinh, su long ghep cac hoat dong khac da dem lai hieu qua cao hon la thuc hien mot hoat dong rieng le Tuy vay, can phai biet ket hqp giua nhu cau va lqi ich cua mdi ben lien quan den du an dd thuc hien cac hoat dong thiet thuc De tiep tuc thuc hien muc tieu du an, mo hinh ldng ghep tren vdn can duqc tri, tap trung vao nhung hoat dong tac dong true tiep tdi do'i tuqng thu hudng va cong ddng Trong thdi gian trudc mdt, du an can tang cudng cac hoat dong tap huan, chuyen giao khoa hoc ky thudt, hudng din san xuat nganh nghd phi ndng nghiep dd nang cao hieu qua sir dung von cho ngudi vay Trao ddi kinh nghiem san xuat va tham quan mo hinh san xuat gioi cung rat can thiet, nhat la vdi doi tuqng cd trinh van hoa thap Vd cong tac truydn thong, du an can tap trung cung cd, tri sinh hoat nhom thudng xuyen va cai tien noi dung sinh hoat nhom Nhung noi dung cuon sach vin rat can thiet, nhat la nhung vung ddng bao dan toc Kinh nghiem truyen thong hon 10 nam qua can tiep tuc duqc TW va cac dia phuong tong ket va phat trien tai lieu, cam nang cho truyen thong vien Trong chu ky tdi, nhung truyen thong vien co sd can duqc trang bi nhung kien thuc tuong ddi toan dien, nhat la vd hai cong udc CEDAW va CRC de cd the bien tinh than cua hai cOng udc tdi moi ngudi 114 cong dong Day cung la mot nhung mdi quan tarn chinh cua UNICEF chu ky 2001-2005 Trong chu ky tdi, lam nhung gi, lam nhu the nao vd bao gia lam se chu yeu cong dong lap ke hoach nham dat dupe nhung muc tieu cua chuong trinh hop tac Ddi tuong true tiep va chu yeu la tre em nhung su hd trp cho tre em se dupe thuc hien theo each tiep can hoan toan mdi, theo phuong phap lap ke hoach tir dudi len Tuy nhien, hieu qua cua du an se dupe phat huy tdi da neu biet long ghep cac noi dung cua chu ky tdi vao cac xa dang thuc hien du an Nd se cd tac dung hd trp lan nhau, tao dieu kien cho viec tri va phat trien mo hinh hien 3.2.5 Tiep tuc cung cd bo may quan ly, tang ctfdng su long ghep cac du an tren mot vung lanh tho Ke tir sau dpt danh gia cua chuyen gia nam 1997, bo may quan ly du an tir TW xuong dia phuong da dupe kien toan Vdi chuc nang, nhiem vu ro rang, dpi ngu can bo du an cac cap da tham gia nhiet tinh vao cac hoat dong du an Tuy vay, v^n cd nhung tdn tai cong tac can bo (da dd cap d chuong 2) Trong thoi gian tdi, du an can tap trung thuc hien mot so bien phap sau: - Lam viec cu the vdi timg tinh de soat lai dpi ngu can bo tir nhom len tinh va danh gia su cam ket thuc hien du an cua cac cap Tren co so dd de nghi dieu chinh cho phii hop vdi kha nang can bo va yeu cau cua du an Ddi vdi nhung can bo co sd (xa va nhom), can cd chinh sach dong vien de ho tich cue tham gia du an, ca cd sir thuyen chuyen cong tac Can dua vao quy che du an, quy dinh yeu cau nguoi can bo du an trudc nghi cong tac du an phai cd trach nhiem dao tao ngudi ke can cho den cd su dong y cua trudng ban didu hanh du an cung cap Tang cudng cac hoat dong truyen thong, van dong ngudi vay dd ho cam ket tham gia du an ca chu ky Thudng xuyen cung cap cho 115 ngudi vay nhung thong tin chung ve du an va khuyen khich ho tham gia vao cac hoat dong chung Can phai lam cho ca ngudi vay cung nhu gia dinh va cong dong hieu ro loi ich tham gia du an thi chung ta mdi co hy vong nhan duoc su cam ket lau dai Doi vdi nhung xa mdi, can thuc hien viec lua chon can than doi tuong thu huong Thong qua cac cuoc sinh hoat d thon, ban, hay khuyen khich ngudi dan dua tieu chuan cu the va tu binh bau ngudi tham gia du an Cam ket ban dau cua doi tuong cung rat quan va can phai luon luu y ho ve van de Quan diem ve long ghep cac du an, cac chuong trinh tren cung mot dia ban can duoc bien cho moi doi tuong, nhat la nhung co quan dang quan ly, thuc hien cac du an xoa doi giam ngheo, hoac du an phat trien nong thon Phuong thuc phoi hop se la cach lam chu yeu cua chu ky tdi nen th bay gid, Hoi Phu nu va cac bo nganh can thoa thuan di den mot cam ket chung dudi su ung ho cua cac co quan tai tro Doi vdi mo hinh hien tai, de thuc hien cong, Hoi phu nu can co su ket hop chat che tu cap TW den co sd Mot su dau tu tong hop tu cac nganh ngan hang, nong nghiep va phat trien nong thon, y te, KHHGD tai cac vung du an chac chan se dem lai hieu qua cao Chinh vi vay, Hoi Phu nu can chu dong lam viec va ky ket cac van ban pho'i hop hoat dong vdi cac nganh co du an dudi su chi dao truc tiep cua chinh quyen dia phuong _ x x 3.3 NHUNG KHUYEN NGHI DE THUC HIEN CAC GIAI PHAP NANG CAO NANG LUC THUC HIEN DU AN 3.3.1 Doi vdi Chinh phu Hoat dong cua du an nhung nam qua dat dudi su quan ly, giam sat cang chat che cua cac bo nganh nhu Van phong Chinh phu, Bo Ke' hoach va Dau tu, Bo Tai chinh va Bo Ngoai giao Hang nam, cac co quan tren tham gia vao cac hoat dong tham dinh, phe duyet ke hoach du an, tong 116 hop bao cao va to churc tdng ket viec su dung nguon vdn ODA cung nhu cac khoan dong gop cua nha nudc Danh gia chung cho thay, Chinh phu da co su quan tam den cac hoat dong cua du an Tuy nhien, de tao dieu kien cho du an thuc hien co hieu qua, chung tdi de nghi - Nhanh chong thiet lap mot khuon kho phap ly, quy dinh cu the ve pham vi, to chute va hoat dong cua cac nhom tin dung tiet kiem hien de dam bao mo hinh hoat dong cua dir an dirac ben vutng Tin dung- tiet kiem la mot bo phan quan cua du an, no la cong cu sic ben de thuc hien muc tieu XDGN cua Chinh phu, nd cho viec trien khai cac hoat dong long ghep tai cong ddng ngudi ngheo Thuc hien tdt cac hoat dong tin dung tiet kiem mdi cd co so phat trien mb hinh du an theo hudng bdn vung Tuy nhien, hien Chinh phu lai chua cd nhung van ban phap ly cu the quy dinh hoat dong cua cac nhom TD&TK Luat cac to chirc tin dung da cd hieu luc tir thang 10 nam 1998, ghi rd “Chinh phu quy dinh cu the ve hoat dong ngan hang cua cac to chirc khac" nhung cho den vdn chua dang d giai doan xay dung van ban dudi luat Theo chung tdi, can nhanh chong cd mot nghi dinh cua Chinh phu, cho phep cac nhom TD&TK duqc hoat dong nhung cd quy dinh cu the ve viec dang ky, cap giay phep hoat dong, noi dung hoat dong va che kiem soat, bao cao - Trong thdi gian dang thi diem mb hinh, moi nguon luc tai chinh chu yeu cac to chile quoc te tai trq nhung Chinh phu can cung cap vdn doi ung cho co quan thuc hien de hd trq cho cac hoat dong quan ly, dieu hanh du an, nhat la di giam sat co so Ben canh do, Chinh phu cung edn cai tien cac thu tuc hanh chinh, thuc day qua trinh phe duyet du an hang nam 3.3.2 Doi vdi co’ quan tai tro’ (Quy nhi ddng lien hiep quoc) - UNICEF can tiep tuc cam ket hd trq tai chinh cho cac xa dang thuc hien du an cho den nam 2003 Su hd trq la vo ciing can thiet de giup cho cac xa cung cd, nang cao nang luc thuc hien du an, hoi tu day du cac 117 dieu kien de co the tien tdi ben vung tren khfa canh tai chinh va to chuc sau da ket thuc chu ky vay von du an - Cung vdi Hoi LHPN tong ket kinh nghiem nam thuc hien chuong trinh hop tac 1996-2000 va lam ro trach nhiem tiep theo cua mdi ben Tren cd sd ket qua du an dat dupe, UNICEF can di den mot quyet dinh giao han cho Hoi LHPN Viet Nam quydn sir dung ngudn von luan chuyen vao cac muc tieu hd trp phu nu, tre em Viet Nam Dieu se giup cho Hoi chu dong tiep tuc dau tu’ cho cac xa ngheo cac hoat dong tang thu nhap, truydn thong van dong xa hoi - Tang cudng vai trd la co quan tai trp, co quan dieu phoi de nhanh chong di den thong nhat van kien chuong trinh hop tac quoc gia va chuong trinh hop tac vdi Hoi LHPN giai doan 2001-2005 Dieu dat ndn mong cho viec trien khai cac giai phap nang cao nang luc thuc hien du an da dupe de cap d tren - La co quan chu quan du’ an, Hoi LHPN cac cap can tiep tuc quan tarn, chi dao va hd trp phuong tien, van phong va cac chi phi hanh chinh cho du an Du’ an nham thuc hien nhieu muc tieu chuong trinh hanh dong cua Hoi, vi vay can xac dinh hoat dong du an cung la hoat dong chinh cua co quan de cd su dau tu dung muc - Can tang cudng cac hoat dong trao doi kinh nghiem thuc hien cac du’ an xoa ddi giam ngheo, du an phat trien nong thon de nang cao nang luc to chuc quan ly va thuc hien Quan tarn den viec long ghep cac du an khac vao cung mot dia ban vdi du an nay, nhat la tai cac xa da rut von luan chuyen - Tang cudng su phoi hop vdi cac nganh de khai thac them du an, n£m bat kinh nghiem va hd trp chuyen mon lan Quan diem phoi hop giua cac nganh se dong vai trd then chot viec thuc hien ke hoach chuong trinh hop tac quoc gia giai doan tdi 118 KET LUAN Nong thon Viet Nam chiem mot vi tri het sue quan trong co cau kinh te xa hoi cua dat nude Ngay nay, tren dudng phat trien cua mlnh, ndng thon Viet Nam dang gap phai nhung thach thuc to ldn: ngheo ddi, that nghiep, thieu thong tin, bat binh dang Giai phap de gop phan giai quyet nhung thach thirc dd la phai tang cudng dau tu cho ndng thon Khoa hoc vd kinh te xa hoi va nhung kinh nghiem hoat dong ve phat trien ndng thon da khang dinh dudng dau tu cho ndng thon cd hieu qua nhat la thuc hien cac chuong trinh, dir an phat trien kinh te xa hoi cd sir tham gia cua ngudi dan Ddi vdi cac loai hinh ddu tu khac nhau, cd nhieu phuong phap khac de xay dung va thuc hien cd hieu qua Mot nhung phuong phap xay dung dir an phat trien nong thon dupe ap dung rong rai tren the gidi la sir dung Khung logic Viet Nam, viec van dung phuong phap chua nhieu, mot phan day la phuong phap mdi dupe ap dung d Viet Nam ke tir sau chuyen doi nen kinh te Van dung phuong phap Khung Id gic vao qua trinh danh gia dir an “Tang thu nhap va truyen thong cuon sach Nhitng dieu can cho cuoc song” cho thay mot sd nhan xet sau: Vdi su hd trp cua Quy nhi ddng Lien hiep quoc, su tham gia nhiet tinh cua cac cap Hoi Phu nir, viec trien khai da thu dupe nhung ket qua to ldn va toan dien Mot mo hinh hoat dong long ghep giua tin dung nhd tang thu nhap cho ngudi ngheo vdi cac hoat dong truyen thong, van dong xa hoi da dupe lam diem va nhan rong o 22 tinh Thong qua mo hinh nay, hon 50 nghin gia dinh ngheo da dupe thu hudng du an Nhung phu nu ngheo khdng nhung cd didu kien nang cao thu nhap, cai thien cuoc song ma ho thuc sir thay doi nhan there ve cac van de: ky nang, kinh nghiem san xuat, y thirc tiet kiem va kien thuc cham soc sure khoe cho gia dinh, ban than Tham gia vao du an, nhieu phu nu cung cd sir thay doi manh me ve vai trd, dia vi cua ho gia dinh cung nhu ngoai xa hoi 119 Co the khang dinh mo hinh hoat dong cua du an co nhung uu diem khong the phu nhan Trudc het dupe the hien qua muc tieu va co che hoat dong No tac dong den doi tuong chiu nhieu thiet thdi nhat cua xa hoi, tao cho ho nhung co hoi tu lap, vuon len cuoc song Trong qua trinh thuc hien, luon co su dieu chinh, hoan thien mo hinh Nhin nhan lai toan bo qua trinh xay dung va thuc hien du an, ben canh nhung uu diem, nhung ket qua dat dupe, vSn cd nhung nhupc diem/han che nhat dinh Ddi chieu vdi phuong phap xay dung du an phat trien nong thon cd the thay du an chua dap ling day du cac nguyen tdc xay dung muc tieu, xay dung he thong giam sat, danh gia va xay dung ke hoach thuc hien Co che du an cung chua linh hoat, chua thuc sir dupe hoan thien ve tin dung, tiet kiem va truydn thong de cd the phat trien ben vung Qua trinh thuc hien du an cung boc lo nhung ton tai ve tinh tuan thu quy che du an, dao tao can bo, phoi hop thuc hien De nang cao nang luc thuc hien du an giai doan 2001-2005 va gop phdn lam cho mo hinh du an tro ben vung, giai phap ldn da dupe dua Cac giai phap nham tap trung giai quyet hudng phat trien chinh cua dir an, dd la tiep tuc thirc hien mo hinh long ghep tai nhung xa chua ket thuc chu ky 4; hd trp cac xa ket thuc dir an tri hoat dong theo mo hinh ben vung va dinh hudng cho cac dia phuong sir tham gia vao chu ky hop tac 2001-2005 Nhung giai phap se dong gop quan vao noi dung hoi nghi kiem diem nam thuc hien du an hop tac 1996-2000 Cd the noi, luan an da nghien cuu va de cap den mot pham tru rong va mdi Nhung kinh nghiem dat dupe linh vuc kha khiem ton Vi vay, ben canh nhung ket qua dat dupe, luan an khong khdi cd nhung thieu sot Rat mong nhan dupe sir dong gop cua cac thay, cac co va toan the’ cac ban quan tarn 120 PHU LUC DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Alana Albee: Huang Phat trien, danh gid dit an “Tang thu nhap vd truyen thdng Nhitng dieu can cho sit song”, 1997 thong Nhitng dieu can cuo sit song” cac nam 1996, 1997, 1998 va 1999 Hoi LHPN Viet Nam: l',ao cao dien hinh phu nu: thutc hien xoa ddi giam ngheo, tao viec lam te n quoc ldn tint nhat, thang 10 nam 1999 Hoi LHPN Viet Nam: Bao cao du an tin dung Viet - Bi nam 1999 Hoi LHPN Viet n: Bao cao danh gid 10 xa diem sau chu ky vay von dit an “Tang thu nhap vd truyen thdng Nhitng dieu can cho sit song ” nam 1999 Hoi LHPN Viet Nam: Bdo cdo danh gid 10 nam thutc hien truyen thdng Nhitng dieu can cho su:song, Ha Noi, thang 12 nam 1999 Hoi LHPN Viet Nam: Bdo cdo kiem diem hoat dong dit an hang nam Hoi LHPN Viet Nam: Bdo cdo tong ket nam hoat dong truyen thdng “Nhitng dieu can cho sit song”, ky yeu hoi nghi 1993 Bo Ndng nghiep va Phat trien Nong thon: Chien luqc Phat trien ndng thon, Ket qua du an VIE/96/008 UNDP tai trq, 1998 10 Cong hoa XHCN Viet nam - UNICEF: Chitang trinh hop tac quoc gia 1996-2000, Ha Noi thang 6-1995 xa dac biet kho khan mien niti vd vung sau, viing xa (chitang trinh 135), 1999 V2.Con dieting trddng cua nhom, Chuong trinh phat trien nong thon mien nui Viet Nam - Thuy dien (MRDP) 13 Nggn h ang Phuc vun ggoin gheo - MRRD: Didn dan traadoi tat, chinb vi mO nam 1998 - Nhom Tin dung & Tiet ktum su lien ket vdi he thong ngan hang d Viet Nam 14 Bo Lao dong ginh Xa hoi: He tbonp van ban phap hu^thihn hnnh vu Xoa dot giom ngheo, Nha xuat ban Lao dong Xh hoi, Ha Noi, 1999 15 Hoi LHHN Viet NNm: Ho so’ khao sat; taa Pou 10 xo diemddan, 1993 16 Trinh Thi Hoong: ChhCkp trinh roOhdi, yidm rpheo Ha Tinb T9991999, Quy Cuu tro Nhi dong Anh 17 Jame AAriot-e B Alip: £>dntigig tac donp ddan Quy'TyTRHoiLHHN Viet Nam, 1998 18 Nguyen Nn?c MM: Phhntich va nuan ty dd an hdu 1d, NNa xuat ban Khoa hoc va Ky thuat, Ha Noi, 1995 19 Michael P:Trdaro: Kinti tehhe cbh shegihtithdba, NNa x u
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