turning points - the nature of creativity - c. chen (springer, 2011) ww

[...]... of decisions made today 1.2 Into the Eye of the Storm One of the most forceful attacks of the Gathering Storm report is made by Into the Eye of the Storm (Lowell & Salzman, 2007) The authors of the paper are Lindsay Lowell of Georgetown University and Hal Salzman of the Urban Institute Their research was funded by the Alfred P Sloan Foundation and the National Science Foundation The key finding of the. .. that the corresponding article has been cited more often than an article with a smaller-sized disc The majority of the articles on the left-hand side were cited by the field at the beginning of the timeframe, i.e late 1990s The bluish colors of articles in this area indicate that the field no longer cited much of them for a long time In contrast, the right-hand side is full of recent activities The colors... figure at the end of this book) Fig 1.3 shows not only a map of the Universe but also discoveries and research interests associated with various areas in the Universe The earth is 12 Chapter 1 The Gathering Storm at the center of the map because the distance to an astronomic object is measured from the earth The blue band of galaxies and the red band of quasars were formed at the early stage of the Universe... activities The colors of the citation rings in this area are warmer and brighter, indicating more recent citations The citation tree rings of a few articles have layers of rings in red It means that these articles experienced a significant surge of citations They were at the center of the attention of the field They were the hot topics Fig 1.2 The intellectual trails of the field of nanoscience between... the early stage of the Universe As the Universe expands, they become further away from us The Hubble Ultra Deep Field, shown at the upper-right corner of the image, was one of the farthest observations made by scientists Unlike the free-form layout method used in generating the visualization shown in Figure 1.2, the map of the Universe preserves the relative positions of astronomic objects It is common... Universe, but they can be dealt with by the same theory in the knowledge space In contrast, two different theories may address the same phenomenon in the Universe Fig 1.3 A map of the Universe with overlays of discoveries and astronomical objects associated with bursts of citations The close-up view of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field is shown at the upper-right corner (circled) (see color figure at the end of this... question about the nature of science, what 8 http://www.nsf.gov/od/oia/activities/cov/cise/2009/IIS Management Response to the COV Report.pdf 9 http://www.nsf.gov/about/performance/SciencePolicyWrkshp Presentations/Tsuchitani.pdf 10 http://www.cherry.gatech.edu/crea/ 18 Chapter 1 The Gathering Storm is the relationship between the producers and consumers of scientific knowledge? The nature of the relationship... the history of science To some, the internalist-externalist debate was resolved in the 1970s with the post-Kuhnian sociology of scientific knowledge and contextual history of science A new interalism and a new externalism are mixed and evolved To others, however, the debate is not over The issue remains open 1.6 Summary The debates in the U.S over the nature and extent of the crises and priorities of. .. Chapter 1 The Gathering Storm of the U.S in science and technology? 1.1 The Gathering Storm The notion that the U.S is in the middle of a creeping crisis was most forcefully presented to the U.S House of Representatives’ Committee on Science on October 20, 20051 Norman R Augustine, the chairman of the competitiveness assessment committee, P Roy Vagelos, a member of the committee, and William A Wulf, the. .. Laboratory, and presidents of MIT, Yale University, Texas A&M, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and the University of Maryland The prestigious background of the committee and its starry members as well as the well articulated arguments have brought a considerable publicity to the notion of the creeping crisis — the gathering storm! The key points of the creeping crisis presented in the Gathering Storm committee .