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AN INTRODUCTION TO ALGORITHMIC TRADING : Basic to Advanced Strategies
Contents
Acknowledgments
Mission Statement
PART I INTRODUCTION TO TRADING ALGORITHMS
Preface to Part I
1 History
2 All About Trading Algorithms You Ever Wanted to Know . . .
3 Algos Defined and Explained
4 Who Uses and Provides Algos
5 Why Have They Become Mainstream so Quickly?
6 Currently Popular Algos
7 A Perspective View From a Tier 1 Company
8 How to Use Algos for Individual Traders
9 How to Optimize Individual Trader Algos
10 The Future – Where Do We Go from Here?
PART II THE LESHIK-CRALLE TRADING METHODS
Preface to Part II
11 Our Nomenclature
12 Math Toolkit
13 Statistics Toolbox
14 Data – Symbol, Date, Timestamp, Volume, Price
15 Excel Mini Seminar
16 Excel Charts: How to Read Them and How to Build Them
17 Our Metrics – Algometrics
18 Stock Personality Clusters
19 Selecting a Cohort of Trading Stocks
20 Stock Profiling
21 Stylistic Properties of Equity Markets
22 Volatility
23 Returns – Theory
24 Benchmarks and Performance Measures
25 Our Trading Algorithms Described – The ALPHA ALGO Strategies
1. ALPHA-1 (DIFF)
1a. The ALPHA-1 Algo Expressed in Excel Function Language
2. ALPHA-2 (EMA PLUS) V1 And V2
3. ALPHA-3 (The Leshik-Cralle Oscillator)
4. ALPHA-4 (High Frequency Real-Time Matrix)
5. ALPHA-5 (Firedawn)
6. ALPHA-6 (General Pawn)
7. The LC Adaptive Capital Protection Stop
26 Parameters and How to Set Them
27 Technical Analysis (TA)
28 Heuristics, AI, Artificial Neural Networks and Other Avenues to be Explored
29 How We Design a Trading Alpha Algo
30 From the Efficient Market Hypothesis to Prospect Theory
31 The Road to Chaos (or Nonlinear Science)
32 Complexity Economics
33 Brokerages
34 Order Management Platforms and Order Execution Systems
35 Data Feed Vendors, Real-Time, Historical
36 Connectivity
37 Hardware Specification Examples
38 Brief Philosophical Digression
39 Information Sources
APPENDICES
Appendix A ‘The List’ of Algo Users and Providers
Appendix B Our Industry Classification SECTOR Definitions
Appendix C The Stock Watchlist
Appendix D Stock Details Snapshot
CD Files List
Bibliography
Index
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[...]... Owain Self, Executive Director, European AlgorithmicTrading at UBS, which we found most enlightening and which we feel puts the case of algorithmictrading extremely clearly, and comprehensively Our thanks go to Mr Self and UBS BUILDING AND MAINTAINING ANALGORITHMICTRADING TOOL Owain Self Executive Director, European Algorithmic Trading, UBS As the use of algorithmictrading tools has become more widespread,... the important considerations when developing and supporting a credible algorithmictrading tool and what it takes to maintain that credibility in a constantly changing market In the fledgling days of algorithmictrading it was possible to buy or to build a system on a very affordable basis P1: OTA/XYZ P2: ABC c07 JWBK496 /Leshik 26 January 17, 2011 8:1 Printer Name: Yet to Come Introduction to Trading. .. running’ it and generally to minimize market impact cost when we are trying to accumulate a significant position in a particular stock This is done by slicing the P1: OTA/XYZ P2: ABC c06 JWBK496 /Leshik January 28, 2011 22 15:28 Printer Name: Yet to Come Introduction toTrading Algorithms order into many smaller segments and randomizing the order placement Smaller orders hopefully improve the chance of avoiding... OTA/XYZ P2: ABC p01 JWBK496 /Leshik January 17, 2011 7:21 Printer Name: Yet to Come Part I INTRODUCTION TOTRADING ALGORITHMS P1: OTA/XYZ P2: ABC p01 JWBK496 /Leshik January 17, 2011 7:21 Printer Name: Yet to Come P1: OTA/XYZ P2: ABC p01 JWBK496 /Leshik January 17, 2011 7:21 Printer Name: Yet to Come Preface to Part I Fabrizzio hit the SNOOZE he was dreaming he hit the TRADE key and within 15 milliseconds... algorithms The major banks and brokerages have recognized quantitative algorithmictrading as one of their major competitive advantages These firms are all shifting financial and human resources toalgorithmictrading In Tier 1 companies the entire process is more complicated as they invariably have to deploy whole teams on a hierarchically P1: OTA/XYZ P2: ABC c04 JWBK496 /Leshik 14 January 17, 2011 7:35 Printer... ‘live,’ to ensure that the algo absolutely does what it is intended to do, and nothing else, under all circumstances and market conditions which it can possibly encounter It can then finally be deployed on the trading desk and carry out the many manmonths of work in a flash, over even thousands of stocks – far beyond the reaction time, concentration ability, and reach of a human trader So the prethought and... breached) The operators of these dark P1: OTA/XYZ P2: ABC c04 JWBK496 /Leshik January 17, 2011 Who Uses and Provides Algos 7:35 Printer Name: Yet to Come 15 venues will have to take rapid and decisive action to avoid the major regulators stepping in There is intense activity to develop suitable algos for the optimal routing, sizing, and order process, how to split up the order and where to allocate it On... c04 JWBK496 /Leshik January 17, 2011 7:35 Printer Name: Yet to Come P1: OTA/XYZ P2: ABC c05 JWBK496 /Leshik January 17, 2011 7:51 Printer Name: Yet to Come 5 Why Have They Become Mainstream so Quickly? Wall Street is usually very quick to latch on to any possible edge which would give them competitive advantage but the cross-industry adoption of algorithmictrading was even more rapid than the usual... recruitment and training of new algo designers is needed They have to be constantly aware of any regulatory and systemic changes that may impact their work A fairly high level of innate intellectual skill and a natural talent for solving algorithmic area problems is a ‘must have’ requirement This is changing the culture of both the Buy side and Sell side companies Many traders are replaced by ‘quants’ and... than on others? A: YES, the efficiency of an algo will also vary over time (continued) P1: OTA/XYZ P2: ABC c02 JWBK496 /Leshik 10 January 17, 2011 7:25 Printer Name: Yet to Come Introduction toTrading Algorithms Q: Can an algorithm go wrong? A: Like all software is heir to, rarely when it is well designed and tested Q: Do I need special computers to run algorithmic trading? A: Depends on the level you are . JWBK496 /Leshik January 17, 2011 7:21 Printer Name: Yet to Come 4 Introduction to Trading Algorithms Algorithmic trading offers many advantages besides the ability to ‘prethink’ a strategy. The human. Yet to Come Acknowledgments Edward Thanks go to Gerry Prosser, Rob Bruce, Ian Kaplan, Dr. Mivart Thomas, Sebastian Thomas, Jason Sharland, Dan Fultz and the late Gillian Ferguson. To dearest Diana go. JWBK496 /Leshik January 17, 2011 7:23 Printer Name: Yet to Come 8 Introduction to Trading Algorithms The origin of what was to become the very first algorithmic trade can be roughly traced back to the