1 TÀI LIỆU NHÓM LUYỆN GIẢI ĐỀ 2021 BÀI TẬP TUẦN CUỐI (CHUYÊN ĐỀ ĐỌC HIỂU) Compiled by Mrs Trang Anh Facebook Mrstranganh87 READING 1 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to ind[.]
TÀI LIỆU NHÓM LUYỆN GIẢI ĐỀ 2021 BÀI TẬP TUẦN CUỐI (CHUYÊN ĐỀ ĐỌC HIỂU) Compiled by Mrs Trang Anh Facebook: Mrstranganh87 READING Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from to Men and women share the exact same view of a best friend − a person who is always there for you Your best friend is someone you can depend on to share your happiness, suffer through your worries, or lessen your sorrow As one man put it, “To me, a best friend is somebody that you call if you are on the expressway and get a flat tire at 3:00 A.M and you’ve been told it’s four hours until a tow truck can be sent Your friend says, “Tell me exactly where you are, and I’ll come and get you.” A great variety of factors play into the birth of a best friendship − the age and circumstances under which people meet, what first attracts them, why they remain close, and how they fill each other’s needs Yet I found the dominant themes that define a best friend were remarkably similar across the broadest range of experiences Safety was a word I heard over and over A best friend is a safe harbour, a guaranteed comfort zone You never have to explain yourself to best friends because they really, really know who you are With best friends, you can be who you are You can cry too hard or laugh too loud and never worry what they’ll think of you because best friends are nonjudgmental They will give you advice if you want it and a kick in the pants if you need it, but best friends will not judge you or make you ashamed of your behaviour A best friend gives you what you expect from a parent and don’t always get: unconditional love Finally, best friends are the family you choose They love you because they want to, not because they have to And for many people, a best friend becomes the brother or sister they had always wanted, but never had (“Strategic Reading 1” by Jack C Richards & Samuela Eckstut-Didier - CUP, 2003) Question 1: How can a best friend be described? A As a person who is usually embarrassing and revealing B As a person who follows the fashion most of the time C As a person who is always there to judge you D As a person who doesn’t often ask you for explanation Question 2: Which of the following is NOT true, according to the passage? A Age is one of the aspects that influence the development of a friendship B To have best friends means to have people you can trust and by whom you can be advised C Friends, even best friends, can never replace your family D Best friends depend on each other to solve their problems Question 3: What someone expects from a best friend is A attraction B experience C personal secrets D confidence Question 4: The word “nonjudgmental” in the passage nearly means A can’t be judged B not criticising C not approvable D not for judging Question 5: The underlined word “it” in the passage refers to A advice B a kick C behaviour D.unconditional love READING Glaciers consist of snow that compresses over many years into large, thickened ice masses Most of the world’s glacial ice is found in Antarctica and Greenland, but glaciers are found on nearly every continent, even Africa Presently, 10% of land area is colours but reflects blue Almost 90% of an iceberg is below water; only about 10% shows above water What makes glaciers unique is their ability to move Due to sheer mass, glaciers flow like very slow rivers Some glaciers are as small as football fields, whereas others grow to be over 100 kilometers long Within the past 750,000 years, scientists know that there have been eight Ice Age cycles, separated by warmer periods called interglacial periods Currently, the earth is nearing the end of an interglacial, meaning that another Ice Age is due in a few thousand years This is part of the normal climate variation cycle Greenhouse warming may delay the onset of another glacial era, but scientists still have many questions to answer about climate change Although glaciers change very slowly over long periods, they may provide important global climate change signals The girth of the ice combined with gravity’s influence causes glaciers to flow very slowly Once a mass compressed ice reaches a critical thickness of about 18 meters thick, it becomes so heavy that it begins to deform and move Ice may flow down mountains and valleys, or spread out to sea Movement along the underside of a glacier is slower than movement at the top due to the friction created as it slides along the ground’s surface Most glaciers are found in remote mountainous areas However, some found near cities or towns present a danger to the people living nearby On land, lakes formed on top of a glacier during the melt season may cause floods At the narrow part of a valley glacier, ice falling from the glacier presents a hazard to hikers below When ice breaks off over the ocean, an iceberg is formed Glaciers are a natural resource and contain 75% of the world’s freshwater People worldwide are trying to harness the power of these frozen streams Some towns rely on glacial melting from a nearby ice cap to provide drinking water Some farmers spread soil or ashes over snow to promote melting Scientists and engineers have worked together to tap into glacial resources, using electricity that has been generated in part by damming glacial melt water (gscsat.blogspot.com/ /reading-comprehension-home-exercise) Question 1: Where can glaciers be found, according to the passage? A Only on Antarctica B In Greenland and Alaska C Nearly every continent D In the north and south poles Question 2: Why does glacial ice often appear blue? A Because it does not absorb the colour blue B Because it absorbs all other colours but reflects blue C Because it does not absorb all other colours including blue D Because it is always blue in colour Question 3: The word “they” in the second paragraph refers to A questions B glaciers C periods D signals Question 4: What is probably a negative effect of living too close to a glacier? A The mass of the glacier reaches a critical thickness B About 10% of a glacier shows above water C Spreading dark material over snow promotes melting D Lakes formed on top of glaciers may cause floods Question 5: The underlined word “remote”, as used in paragraph 4, most nearly means A isolated B nearby C slow travelling D difficult to see Question 6: Which of the following is true, according to the passage? A There will not be another Ice Age coming B Scientists have difficulty studying glaciers C Glaciers have both negative and positive effects on human life D Scientists have minimal data on the formation of glaciers Question 7: It can be inferred from the passage that A electricity can be made by using glacial melt water B with variations in climate, glaciers shrink and expand C glaciers form where the melting rate of snow is high D glaciers are usually bordered at the sides by rock debris READING Italian adventurer Marco Polo traveled to China near the end of the Middle Ages He came back to Italy in 1295, after his exciting adventures in China After his return, he told the Italians about some really new and different things the Chinese were doing Something new that the Chinese were using was money crafted from paper Paper money had been in use in China for hundreds of years when Marco Polo returned to Italy from his voyage to China and told his countrymen about it Why had the Chinese come to use paper money? One possible explanation is related to the supply of metal Metal is needed to make coins, and the Chinese did not have a big supply of metal to make coins for all of the people in China The Chinese had already invented paper, and they had already invented a method of printing on paper When the Chinese needed something to make into money and they did not have enough metal, they used paper to make money And how you think the Chinese government got the Chinese people to accept printed paper as money? The Chinese government issued an order saying that paper money it created was to be used by everyone in China At first, people were worried that paper money would not have any value, and they did not want to use paper money However, the government of China was a very strong government, and people had to follow the order to use paper money After a while, people saw that they could use paper money to buy anything, and they began to accept paper money (Heratsischool.weebly.com/uploads/9/8/0/0/9800425/angl_2.pdf) Question 1: When did Marco Polo return to Italy from his trip to China? A At the start of the twelfth century B At the end of the twelfth century C At the start of the thirteenth century D At the end of the thirteenth century Question 2: According to paragraph 1, Marco Polo did all of the following EXCEPT A living in China throughout his life B traveling outside of Italy C paying a visit to China D returning to Italy after his travels Question 3: The underlined word “voyage” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to A flight B image C trip D dream Question 4: It is NOT mentioned in paragraph that the Chinese A created a way of printing B mined for metals C invented paper D created paper money Question 5: According to the passage, what happened in China after some time? A People began to think that paper money was all right B People could not use paper money C People refused to follow the order to use paper money D Paper money went away because people would not use it READING 1982 was the year of information technology (IT) in Great Britain But what exactly is IT? 85% of people polled recently had not a clue what is meant, although 53% of those polled said they thought it sounded pretty important They were right It is So what is it? Well, put simply, it is the “marrying-up” of products from several key industries: computers, telephones, television, satellites It means using micro- electronics, telecommunication networks, and fiber optics to help produce, store, obtain and send information by way of words, numbers, pictures and sound more quickly and efficiently than ever before The impact IT is having and is going to have on our lives and work is tremendous It is already linking the skills of the space industry with those of cable television so programmes can be beamed directly into our homes from all over the world Armies of “steel collar” workers, the robots, will soon be working in factories doing the boring, complex and unpleasant jobs which are at present still done by man Television will also be used to enable customers to shop from the comfort of their homes by simply ordering via the TV screen, payment being made by direct debit of their credit cards Home banking and the automatic booking of tickets will also be done through the television screen Cable television which in many countries now gives a choice of dozens of channels will soon be used to protect our homes by operating burglar and fire alarms linked to police and fire stations Computers will run our homes, controlling the heating, air conditioning and cooking systems while robots will cope with the housework The friendly postman will be a thing of the past as the postal service and letters disappear with the electronic mail received via view-data screens All these things are coming very fast and their effects will be as far-reaching as those of the industrial revolution InfoTech is part of the technological revolution and that is with us now (www.cet4v.com/exAm/2294.asp) Question 1: It can be inferred from the passage that the author was A satisfied with the results of the poll B unaware of the results of the poll C surprised at people’s ignorance of the meaning of IT D deeply impressed with the wiseness of the British people Question 2: The first paragraph is mainly about A the importance of modern technology B the key industries in the 1980s C the British people’s knowledge of IT D the exact meaning of IT Question 3: The main idea of the second paragraph is probably A the ways to link skills of space industry with those of cable television B the great effects IT is having and will have on our lives and work C the future uses of computers and robots in both homes and industries D the comfortable life people will live in the near future Question 4: The underlined word “beamed” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to A sent over long distances B having a big smile on the face C sold everywhere in the world D controlling everyone’s life Question 5: According to the passage, television will be used to a lot of things EXCEPT A ordering goods from shops for customers at their homes B protecting our homes against fire and burglary C running our homes and doing all kinds of housework D depositing money in a bank and withdrawing it from the bank Question 6: The underlined word “which” in the second paragraph refers to A television screen B cable television C many countries D dozens of channels Question 7: According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A The postman has become a thing of the past B View data screens are being used now to receive electronic mail C Electronic mail will disappear some day D The postal service will not be used in the future READING Two Christmas traditions have come under attack in recent years from environmentalists: Christmas cards and Christmas trees Paper cards are seen as wasteful and, for some people, going card-free is another way of going green They also argue that in a world of e-mail, Skype, Facebook and Twitter, people are in touch all the time anyway; they no longer need the yearly card that connects them with long lost friends If you want to send Christmas greetings, there are free e-cards, which get the job done with no postage or wasted paper However, especially for people who didn’t grow up with e-mail, there is something missing from a Christmas e-mail The first Christmas cards appeared in London in 1843 They rose in popularity throughout the 20th century Many people sent cards that were sold for charity The most famous of these are the ones sold for UNICEF In the UK, in the three weeks before Christmas, the post office expects to handle 100 million cards every day Environmental awareness also means that nowadays many people recycle their cards; this helps raise money to plant more trees, and recreate more paper When we think of trees at Christmas, there is one that immediately springs mind - the evergreen tree that people decorate with ornaments and place their presents under The custom dates back almost a thousand years to Germany Nowadays 33 to 36 million Christmas trees are produced in America and 50 to 60 million in Europe each year Some trees are sold live with roots and soil so people can plant them later and reuse them next year Some people prefer artificial trees as they are reusable and much cheaper than their natural alternative However, environmentalists point out that they are made from petroleum products and so raise many pollution issues (wenku.baidu.com › view) Question 1: What is the main idea of the article? A To introduce the history of two typical Christmas traditions B To explain the debate about some Christmas traditions C To analyze how two Christmas traditions grew in popularity D To point out the problems caused by celebrating Christmas Question 2: The underlined word “They” in the passage refers to A E-mails B Christmas e-mails C Christmas cards D Many people Question 3: Some people suggest getting rid of paper cards because A they cannot be recycled B they are not environmentally friendly C they are mostly sold for charity D they are not better than e-cards Question 4: Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the article? A Some people prefer to buy live trees that can be reused next year B The custom of decorating Christmas trees first appeared in Britain C There is always a wider Christmas tree market in America than in Europe D Artificial trees are better than natural ones in all aspects Question 5: What can we conclude from the article? A The first Christmas cards were designed in the 20th century B It is expected that there will be a dramatic drop in Christmas card sales C Environmentalists advise people to buy cards that are sold for charity D Growing environmental awareness is encouraging people to recycle their cards READING The atmosphere is a mixture of several gases There are about ten chemical elements which remain permanently in gaseous form in the atmosphere under natural conditions Of these permanent gases, oxygen makes up about 21% and nitrogen about 78% Several other gases, such as argon, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, neon, krypton, and xenon, comprise the remaining 1% of the volume of dry air The amount of water vapour, and its variations in amount and distribution, are of extraordinary importance in weather changes Atmospheric gases hold in suspension great quantities of dust, pollen, smoke, and other impurities which are always present in considerable, but variable amount The layer of the air next to the earth, which extends upward for about 16 km, is known as the troposphere On the whole, it makes up about 75% of all the weight of the atmosphere It is the warmest part of the atmosphere because most of the solar radiation is absorbed by the earth’s surface, which warms the air immediately surrounding it A steady decrease of temperature with increasing elevation is a most striking characteristic The upper layers are colder because of their great distance from the earth’s surface and rapid radiation of heat into space The temperatures within the troposphere decrease about 3.5° per 1,000 feet increase in altitude Within the troposphere, winds and air currents distribute heat and moisture Strong winds, called jet streams, are located at the upper levels of the troposphere These jet streams are both complex and widespread in occurrence They normally show a wave-shaped pattern and move from west to east at velocities of 240 kmph, but velocities as high as 640 kmph have also been noted The influences of changing locations and strengths of jet streams upon weather conditions and patterns are no doubt considerable Above the troposphere to a height of about 80 km is a zone called the stratosphere The stratosphere is separated from the troposphere by a zone of uniform temperatures called the tropopause Within the lower portions of the stratosphere is layer of ozone gases which filters out most of the ultraviolet rays from the sun The ozone layer varies with air pressure If this zone were not there, the full blast of the sun’s ultraviolet light would burn our skins, blind our eyes, and eventually result in our destruction Within the stratosphere, the temperature and atmosphere composition are relatively uniform The layer upward of about 80 km is the most fascinating but the least known of these three strata It is called ionosphere because it consists of electrically charged particles called ions, thrown from the sun Its effect upon weather conditions, if any, is as yet unknown (https://www.jobdaily.in › Previous Papers) Question 1: The underlined word “which” in the passage refers to A layer of air B the earth C 16 km D the troposphere Question 2: The troposphere is the warmest part of the atmosphere because it A radiates heat into space B is warmed by the earth’s heat C has air currents that distribute the heat D contains jet streams Question 3: It can be inferred from the passage that at the top of a location which is above 16,000 feet above a town, the temperature is usually A warmer than that in the town B about 56° colder than that on the ground C affected by the ionosphere D not observed and given by scientists Question 4: The underlined word “uniform” in the passage most probably means A clothing B covering C changeable D similar Question 5: Life, as we know, exists on the earth because the atmosphere A is warmest at the bottom B carries the ultraviolet rays of the sun C contains a lot of water vapours D contains a layer of ozone gases Question 6: This passage does NOT provide information about the A effect of refrigerants on ozone depletion B amount of oxygen in the atmosphere C presence of considerable impurities in the atmosphere D presence of permanent gases in the atmosphere Question 7: Which of the following questions is answered on the basis of information contained in the passage? A How does the weather change in four seasons? B What is the range of temperatures around the world? C How the troposphere and the stratosphere differ? D How does the ionosphere affect the weather? READING With the development of science and technology, most of us will comment: “Life is speeding up Everyone is getting unwell.” This may sound like something someone would say today But in fact, an unknown citizen who lived in Rome in 53 AD wrote it We all love new inventions They are exciting, amazing and can even change our lives But have all these developments really improved the quality of our lives? Picture this: you’re rushing to finish your homework on the computer Your mobile phone rings, a message from your friend appears on the screen, and the noise from the television is getting louder and louder Suddenly the computer goes blank and you lose all your work Now you have to stay up all night to get it done How calm and happy you feel? Inventions have speeded up our lives so much that they often leave us feeling stressed and tired Why you think people who live far away from noisy cities, who have no telephones, no cars, even no electricity often seem to be happier? Perhaps because they lead simpler lives One family in the UK went “back in time” to see what life was like without all the inventions we have today The grandparents, with their daughter, and grandsons Benjamin, 10, and Thomas, 7, spent nine weeks in a 1940s house They had no washing machine, no microwave, computer or mobile phones The grandmother Lynn said, “It was hard physically, but not mentally.” She believed life was less materialistic “The more things you have, the more difficult life becomes,” she said The boys said they found less to fight over, such as their computer Benjamin also noticed that his grandmother had changed from being a “trendy, beer-drinking granny to one who cooked things” Here are some simple ways to beat the stress often caused by our inventions! ● Don’t be available all the time Turn off your mobile phone at certain times of the day Don’t check your emails every day ● Make sure you spend some time talking to your family Set aside one evening a week when you don’t turn on the television Play cards and chat instead ● Get a low-tech hobby Every day, something in the old-fashioned way, such as walking to have a face-to-face meeting instead of using the email or telephone ● Don’t worry too much about life - laugh more! (pengjutech.com/qbqfs/ujnv/441023.iunm) Question 1: The writer uses the quote at the beginning of the story to A point out that you experience some big problems B tell us what life was like long time ago C make us wonder the causes of problems D share a truth about life Question 2: The underlined word “they” in the passage refers to A inventions B our lives C people D noisy cities Question 3: Why did the family choose to spend some time in a 1940s house? A Because they were curious about how people lived without modern inventions B Because they liked to live simple lives C Because they were troubled by modern inventions D Because living in a different time would be a lot of fun for them Question 4: What does the underlined word “available” in the passage probably mean? A very busy online B having nothing to C able to move 10 D found by others Question 5: The writer may support that A you ring back your boss immediately when you get home and see his message to you B you take your iphone and laptop and power them all the time while traveling C you find fun in some exercise like hiking and jogging instead of chatting on the Internet D you should check your mail account as frequently as you can Question 6: Which of the following is NOT true, according to the passage? A People who live far away from noisy cities often seem to be happier B An unknown Roman was sure that the quality of life would get better C The family had some changes when they lived in a 1940s house D With the improvement of our lives, we often feel stressed and tired Question 7: The passage is mainly about A the important roles technology plays in our life B improvements of our life with technology C some problems with technology D major changes to happen to technology READING They may have been around for hundreds of millions of years – long before trees – but today sharks are among the most threatened animals in the world, largely because of overfishing and habitat loss Climate change adds another overarching stressor to the mix So how will sharks cope as the ocean heats them? A new research looked at Port sharks to find out that individual sharks adapt in different ways, depending where they came from Port sharks from cooler waters in the Great Australian Bight found it harder to cope with rising temperatures than those living in the warmer water from New South Wales This is important because it goes against the general assumption that species in warmer, tropical waters are at the greatest risk of climate change It also illustrates that we shouldn’t assume all populations in one species respond to climate change in the same way, as it can lead to over- or underestimating their sensitivity In Australia, the impacts of climate change are visual: marine heat waves, coral bleaching events and disappearance of mangrove forests The southeast of Australia is global change hotspot, with water temperatures rising at three to four times the global average In addition to rising water temperatures, oceans are becoming more acidic and the amount of oxygen is declining 11 When it comes to dealing with rising water temperature, sharks have two options: they can change their bodies to adapt, or move towards the poles to cooler waters The researchers collected Port sharks from cold water around Adelaide and warm water in Jervis Bay After increasing temperatures by 3oC, they studied their thermal limits (how much heat the sharks could take) and concluded that with a rise in water temperature of just 3oC, the energy required to survive is more than twice that of current day temperatures for the Port sharks The massive shift in energy demand means they have to prioritize survival over growth and reproduction This means sharks in Adelaide will have slower growth when exposed to warmer waters, including Bonnethead sharks and Epaulette sharks On the other hand, a 3oC temperature rise hardly affected the energy demands of the Port sharks from Jervis Bay at all The explanation can only be that Australia’s southeastern coastline is warmed by the East Australian Current With each generation exposed to these naturally variable conditions, populations along this coastline have likely become more tolerant to heat (Adapted from theconversation.com) Question 1: Which of the following features of sharks is NOT mentioned in the passage? A They are among the most ancient creatures on earth B They are fighting the hardest against climate change C They live in both warm and cold areas of the ocean D Their population is significantly declining Question 2: Which sharks are less affected by the rising temperature? A Adelaide’s Port sharks B Bonnethead sharks C Epaulette sharks D Jervis Bay’s Port sharks Question 3: The word “their” in paragraph refers to A the researchers’ B Port sharks’ C temperatures’ D the poles’ Question 4: The word “prioritize” in paragraph is closest in meaning to A choose B exclude C refuse D decline Question 5: Why are sharks from warm water less vulnerable to climate change? A They can change their bio-features better B They are familiar with acidic ocean C They get used to the heat D Their sensitivity is overestimated Question 6: Which of the following is an implication of the research? A Animals living in warmer areas seem to be in more danger than those inhabiting in cool weather B Sharks tend to prefer moving to cooler areas like the poles to adapting their bodies C Not all individuals belonging to one species react the same way to global warming 12 D Australian oceans’ temperatures have been increased by 3oC in recent years Question 7: The most suitable title of the passage is “ ” A Climate change affects Australia greatly and severely B Port sharks are the most adaptive and smart creature on earth C What should be done to effectively tackle global warming? D How sharks respond to climate change depends on where they grew up READING In the 1940s, there were an estimated 450,000 lions across Africa, but since then numbers have decreased dramatically, to around 20,000 today Reasons include a loss of habitat as the human population has grown, and the trade in lion body parts However, another threat to the lions may soon be a thing of the past In Maasai culture, killing lions has been an important tradition among the men because it shows their physical strength and skill The Maasai also hunt lions when the lions kill their cows Unfortunately, this has brought the lion population to dangerously low levels The Maasai Olympics were born, and manyattas, or villages, from across the region were invited to join in Since 2012, they have held three Maasai Olympics Young men take part in six running, throwing, and jumping events, which all reflect Maasai culture For example, the javelin competition is similar to the traditional skill of throwing a spear, and the high jump is similar to Maasai dancing Including women in the events is very important because the women can influence the men’s behavior If the women are more aware of lion conservation, they can discourage the men from hunting A survey among Maasai men shows that attitudes have changed Although nineteen percent of the people asked haven’t even heard of the Maasai Olympics, the majority of them say that the Games have made them less interested in killing lions And even though trophy hunting still goes on, they see sports as an effective alternative As one of the athletes said, “We used to celebrate lion hunting, but this program has shown us a better celebration.” (Adapted from Daniel Barber, 2018) Question 1: Lion populations have become smaller because A the animals have less space to live in the wild B of a number of reasons C the Maasai have hunted them too much D lions are worth a lot of money Question 2: Hunting activity A is the biggest danger to the lions B is how Maasai men show how brave they are 13 C has been a part of Maasai culture for a long time D is to protect the grazing animals like cows Question 3: The word “them” in paragraph refers to A Maasai men B survey respondents C the Olympics Question 4: Women are involved in the competition A as much as the men B because they asked to compete C to help in the goal of reducing lion hunting D as they are more aware of lion conservation than men Question 5: The Maasai Olympics _ A are changing the way people think B have stopped the Maasai from hunting lions C are less interesting to the Maasai than killing lions D are not widely known by the Maasai people 14 D people’s attitudes