Designation D6197 − 99 (Reapproved 2017) Standard Test Method for Classifying and Counting Faults in Spun Yarns in Electronic Tests1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6197; the numb[.]
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee Designation: D6197 − 99 (Reapproved 2017) Standard Test Method for Classifying and Counting Faults in Spun Yarns in Electronic Tests1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6197; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers Scope 1.1 This test method covers the classifying and counting of faults in spun yarns using capacitance testers 1.1.1 Protruding fibers or yarn hairiness, or both, are not determined as part of this method Terminology 3.1 For terminology related to yarn test methods refer to Terminology D4849 NOTE 1—For measuring protruding fibers or hairiness, or both, refer to Guide D5647 3.2 The following terms are relevant to this standard: spun yarn; yarn fault; yarn fault count 1.2 This test method provides for grading yarns by fault level and type 3.3 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test method refer to Terminology D123 1.3 This test method is applicable to all single or plied spun yarns from natural or manufactured fibers or blends of each Summary of Test Method 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard; the values in inch-pound units are provided as information only and are not exact equivalents 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee 4.1 A specimen is passed through the sensing device of a classifying instrument at a constant speed The electronic counting instrument records the faults and classifies them according to their length and relative diameter The faults for the most part are in the form of thick places, thin places and neps in yarns spun on various spinning systems Significance and Use 5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of spun yarns by agreement between purchaser and supplier 5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogenous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing The average result from the two laboratories should be compared using statistical analysis and a probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards:2 D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing D5647 Guide for Measuring Hairiness of Yarns by the Photo-Electric Apparatus This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers Current edition approved July 1, 2017 Published July 2017 Originally approved in 1999 Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D6197–99(2011) DOI: 10.1520/D6197-99R17 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website 5.2 Yarn faults are a factor in determining yarn and fabric quality Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States D6197 − 99 (2017) 9.3.1 Verify that control unit speed selection is set to the same speed as the take-up mechanism Apparatus 6.1 Electronic Measuring Device—A capacitance or optical unit with guide alignment of the yarn in a straight path through the measuring zone 9.4 Check the package to ensure that no shipping material or other contaminant is present and that no damage is apparent on the package If contaminants or damage are detected, select another package for testing 6.2 Control Unit—A device that supplies the signal to operate the measuring device and, also in return, receives the registration signal from the measuring device, stores the information received, responds to this information according to a predetermined setup, and outputs computed data at the end of the test NOTE 3—Do not separate the length of yarn from the packages prior to testing 9.5 Mount the package on a suitable holder Thread the free end of the yarn directly from the package through the instrument 6.3 Winder—A power driven take-up device equipped with a winding drum of uniform diameter and capable of operating at constant take-up speed 9.6 Start the take-up mechanism of the tester 9.7 Test the total predetermined yarn length, that may require more than one package 6.4 Yarn Tensioning Device—A unit for the control of the yarn in the measuring zone so that the yarn travels in a straight path, free from kinks, without stretching the yarn 9.8 Follow the tester instruction manual for operational procedures not outlined in this test method 9.9 For testers not equipped with automatic data calculations, weigh the yarn tested to the nearest 0.001 kg or 0.1 oz to determine the length Sampling 7.1 Lot Sample—Unless otherwise agreed upon, as when specified in an applicable material specification, take a lot sample as directed in Practice D2258 7.1.1 For production test, take lot samples and laboratory samples in multiples of spindle positions on the tester 10 Calculation 10.1 For testers not equipped with automatic data output, calculate the yarn fault and express in terms of yarn faults per 100 000 m or yarn faults per 100 000 yd using Eq or Eq and Eq NOTE 2—An adequate specification or other agreement between the purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account variability between shipping units, between packages or ends within a shipping unit, and between specimens from a single package to provide a sampling plan with a meaningful producer’s risk, an acceptable quality level, and a limiting quality level N m kg 100 000 m oz 52.5 N e yd counter reading 100 00 Yarn faults Tested length m ~ yd! 100 000 m ~ yd! 7.2 Laboratory Sample—For acceptance testing take sufficient packages from each laboratory sample unit to obtain in excess of 100 000 m of yarn, that may consist of more than one package where: Nm = Ne = kg = oz = 7.3 Test Specimen—The test specimen is 100 000 m (100 000 yd) of yarn The number of metres per package tested is dependent upon the number of testing positions used 7.3.1 When using equipment not programmed to give individual package data, consider the lot sample as the test specimen (1) (2) (3) yarn number, metric count, yarn number, English cotton count kilograms, and ounces (pounds/16) 11 Report 11.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed in this test method Describe the material or product sampled and the method of sampling used Conditioning 11.2 Report the following information: 11.2.1 Yarn number, 11.2.2 Type and model of tester, 11.2.3 Material setting of tester, 11.2.4 Yarn travel speed, 11.2.5 Length of specimen tested, 11.2.6 Major yarn faults per 100 000 m or yd, 11.2.7 Minor yarn faults per 100 000 m or yd, 11.2.8 Total yarn faults per 100 000 m or yd 8.1 Preconditioning and conditioning are not required A temperature of 21°C (70°F) and 65 % relative humidity, maintained as constant as possible is recommended The conditions at time of testing should be recorded Procedure 9.1 Calibrate the testing instrument as prescribed by the instrument manufacturer 9.2 Make proper selections for material value, yarn number, and the coding plug, if one is used Review the tables provided by manufacturer for further details 12 Precision and Bias 12.1 Single Laboratory Test Data—A replicated study was performed in a single laboratory using one operator on a single instrument to measure four materials Each material was tested four times with no cutting The test results by percent thickness of yarn diameter are shown in Table 9.3 Set the take-up mechanism to the speed of travel recommended by the tester’s manufacturer If a nonstandard set-up is used it should be reported D6197 − 99 (2017) TABLE Results from Repeated Trials for the Conditions Noted on the Same Length of Yarn Trial +100 % to 150 % MATERIAL Polyester Avg 15 15 18 15 15.75 4 3.75 19 19 21 19 MATERIAL Cotton Avg 170 167 169 165 167.75 42 44 42 43 42.75 212 211 211 208 MATERIAL Cotton Avg 19 19 20 19 19.25 4 23 24 23 23 MATERIAL Polyester Avg 5 4.25 0.75 5 5 TABLE Values of b for Critical Differences in Entanglement Counts, a and b, for Two-Sided Tests at the 95 % Probability LevelA +150 % to +400 % TOTAL FAULTS r=a+b 11 14 16 19 22 b r=a+b 24 27 29 32 34 36 b 10 11 r=a+b 39 41 43 46 48 50 b 12 13 14 15 16 17 r=a+b 53 55 57 60 62 64 b 18 19 20 21 22 23 A If the observed value of b # the tabulated value, the two results should be considered significantly different at the 95 % probability level a = the larger of two defect counts, each of which is the total count for all specimens in a test result and each of which is based on the same number of specimens, b = the smaller of the two defect counts taken as specified for a, and r = a + b For additional values of a and b please see Table in ASTM D2906–91 12.3.1 Same Specimen (Paired Test)—Two fault totals should be considered different at the approximate 95 % probability level if the difference exceeds five faults 12.3.2 Different Specimens—Two fault totals should be considered different at the approximate 95 % probability level, if the smallest value is less than or equal to the result obtained by rounding to the lowest whole number of the tabulated value for b found in Table minus 10 % of b 12.2 Critical Differences—Same instrument 12.2.1 Same Specimen—When comparing totals obtained on the same specimen of yarn by the same operator using an instrument capable of reading each position independently, or else results obtained from one position, the difference should not exceed three faults 12.2.2 Different Specimens—Two fault totals obtained from different specimens representing the same batch of material should be considered different at the 95 % probability level, if the smallest value is less than or equal to the tabulated value for b located in Table 12.4 Bias—A systematic difference exists between machines capable of reading each position independently and those that cannot The difference becomes apparent when the number of faults occur frequent enough that more than one fault may appear simultaneously in more than one position For this reason, comparisons between different instrument manufacturers is not recommended 13 Keywords 12.3 Critical Differences—Two instruments each capable of reading each position independently 13.1 classification; yarn fault count; yarn faults; yarn spun D6197 − 99 (2017) ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this standard Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend If you feel 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