Luận văn thạc sĩ investigation of the wastewater treatment capacity after the mineral exploitation by using africutural wastes (sugar cane bagasse, peanut shells and coconut fibers)

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRCULTURE AND FORESTRY TRAN THI NHU INVESTIGATION OF THE WASTEWATER TREATMENT CAPACITY AFTER THE MINERAL EXPLOITATION BY USING AGRICULTURAL WASTES (SUGAR-CANE BAGASSE, PEANUT SHELLS AND COCONUT FIBERS) BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode: Full-time Major: Environmental Science and Management Faculty: International Training and Development Center Batch: 2012-2016 Thai Nguyen, 15/09/2016 i n DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environment Science and Management Student name Tran Thi Nhu Student ID DTN1253080006 Thesis Title Investigation of the wastewater treatment capacity after the mineral exploitation by using agricultural wastes (sugarcane bagasse, peanut shells and coconut fibers) Supervisor (s) Assoc.Prof Dam Xuan Van, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry ABSTRACT This research used agricultural wastes (sugar-cane bagasse, peanut shells and coconut fibers) as a low cost materials in order to remove the heavy metal in the wastewater after the mineral exploitation and in laboratory water which was mixed with a fix concentration of heavy metals (500 mg/l and 1000 mg/l) The results showed that sugar-cane bagasse, peanut shells and coconut fibers have a very well heavy metals adsorption capacity When the amount of adsorption materials increases, the adsorption capacity of Cu, Pb also increases immediatetly For example, with sugarcane bagasse, the ability to absorb heavy metals is highest when sugar-cane bagasse entered is 900g, sugar-cane bagasse can absorb about 71.452% (Treatment Pb F3Pb with the amount of sugar-cane bagasse is 900g), it increases about 1.66 times compared with the amount of Pb that it absorbed in treatment Pb ( F1Pb with the amount of sugar-cane bagasse is 300g) Similarly, the highest amount of peanut sheels ii n and coconut fibers to absorb the heavy metals is 900g and declining due to reducing the amount of peanut shells and coconut fibers The heavy metals adsorption productivity achieved 30%-80% by comparing with the initial concentration It is concluded that agricutural wastes can remove heavy metals (Pb, Cu)in the wastewater, coconut fibers showed the best heavy metals absorption capacity followed by sugar-cane bagasse and peanut shells Keywords Sugar-cane bagasse Peanut shells Coconut fibers Water pollution Heavy metals Numbers of Pages 44 Date of Submission September , 2016 Supervisor’s signature iii n ACKNOWLEDGEMENT From bottom of my heart, I would like to express my deepest appreciation to all those who provided me the opportunity to complete this research First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest gratitude and special thanks to School Leadership and teachers at International Training and Development Center Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry those imparted for me the knowledge as well as facilitating learning and help me during the learning process in schools In particularly, Iwould like to express my sincere gratitude and deep regards tomy supervisorAssoc.Prof.Dam Xuan Vanin Faculty of Management Resources - who took time out to hear, guide, support and encourage me on the correct path and allowing me to carry out my study to have successful results Especially, hispriceless advices are not a small contributein orienting my careers and future Besides my supervisors, I would like to thank Dr Tran Thi Pha in Faculty of Environment, who gave the permission to use all required equipment and the necessary materials to conduct my reseach in Laboratory of Environment Resources Especially, I would like to thanks for her advice, encouragement and guidance during my thesis Moreover, Ialso want toexpress my thanks to the Faculty of Environmentfor helping and providing me a good laboratory with modern equipment and good infrastructure that plays an important part in the success of my thesis I would also like to thanks to Do Minh Hong, Do Manh Dung, Nguyen Thi Van, Nguyen Vu Tuan Anh – my classmates, who provided their ongoing support, questions and suggestions iv n Last but not least, I would like to express my love and gratitude to my beloved parents for their support and endles love I would like to sincerely thank! Thai Nguyen, September , 2016 Sincerely, Tran Thi Nhu v n TABLE OF CONTENTS List of figures viii List of tables ix List of appreviations .x PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1.Research rationale .1 1.2.Research objectives 1.3.Research question and hypotheses 1.4 Limitations PART II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Overview of heavy metal 2.1.1 Definition and sources of heavy metals 2.1.2 Characteristics of heavy metals .5 2.2 Overview of Agricultural wastes 2.2.1 Sugar-cane bagasse 2.2.2 Peanut peels 2.2.3 Coconut fibers .8 2.3 The characteristics of heavy metal that related to the study 10 2.3.1 Characteristics of Copper (Cu) 10 2.3.2 Characteristics of Lead (Pb) 11 2.4 Researches on heavy metals adsorption capacity 13 2.4.1 Research situation in Vietnam .13 2.4.2 Research situation in the world 14 vi n PART III MATERIALS AND METHODS 16 3.1 Subjects 16 3.2 Research location and study period 16 3.3 Research Contents 16 3.4 Materials 17 3.4.1 Chemicals 17 3.4.2.Agricultural wastes 17 3.4.3.Instruments 19 3.5 Methods 20 3.5.1 Collecting secondary data 20 3.5.2 Collecting water samples, agricultural wastes samples .20 3.5.3 Experiments 21 3.5.4 Analytical method in laboratory 25 3.5.5 Data analyst 26 3.6 Target tracking 26 PART IV RESULTS 27 4.1.Assessing the heavy metal adsorption capacity of agricultural wastes in water which is mixed with a certain concentration of heavy metals (500 mg/l and 1000 mg/l) .27 4.1.1 Assessing the ability to absorb heavy metals (HM) in the wastewater of sugarcane bagasse 27 4.1.2 Assessing the ability to absorb heavy metals (HM) in the wastewater of peanut shells……………………………………………………………………………… 29 vii n 4.1.3 Assessing the ability to absorb heavy metals (HM) in the wastewater of coconut fibers 31 4.2.Assessing the Heavy metal adsorption capacity in wastewater by using agricultural waste in the mining area of Lead, Zinc in Hich Village, Tan Long commune, Thai Nguyen province 32 4.2.1.Assessing the heavymetal concentration contained in wastewater in the mining area of Lead and Zinc in Hich Village in Tan Long commune, Dong Hy district, Thai Nguyen Province 33 4.2.2.Assessing the ability to absorb heavy metals (HM) in the wastewater of agricultural wastes 33 PART V DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 37 5.1 Discussion .37 5.2.Conclusion 38 REFERENCES 40 viii n LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.1 Sugar-cane bagasse .17 Figure 3.2 Peanut shells 18 Figure 3.3 Coconut fibers .18 Figure 3.4 Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy machine 19 Figure 3.5 Electronic weight scale number Presica XT 120A 19 Figure 4.1 The ability to absorb Heavy Metal of sugar-cane bagasse with the concentration of Saline solution entered in water is 500 mg/l 28 Figure 4.2 The ability to absorb Heavy Metal ofsugar-cane bagasse with the concentration of Saline solution entered in water is 1000 mg/l 28 Figure 4.3 The ability to absorb Heavy Metal of peanut peels with the concentration of Saline solution entered in water is 500 mg/l .30 Figure 4.4 The ability to absorb Heavy Metal of peanut peels with the concentration of Saline solution entered in water is 1000 mg/l 30 Figure 4.5 The ability to absorb Heavy Metal of coconut fibers with the concentration of Saline solution entered in water is 500 mg/l .32 Figure 4.6 The ability to absorb Heavy Metal of coconut fibers with the concentration of Saline solution entered in water is 1000 mg/l 32 Figure 4.7 The ability to absorb HM of sugar-cane bagasse with different contents 35 Figure 4.8 The ability to absorb HM of peanut shells with different contents 36 Figure 4.9 The ability to absorb HM of coconut fibers with different contents 36 ix n LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1: The time for taking the water samples 20 Table 4.1: The ability for adsorbing the HM of sugar-cane bagasse 27 Table 4.2: The ability for adsorbing the HM of peanut shells 28 Table 4.3: The ability for adsorbing the HM of Coconut fibers 31 Table 4.4 The concentration (mg/l) of heavy metal in wastewater after the mineral exploitation in the mining area of Lead, Zinc in Hich Village 33 Table 4.5 The ability to absorb HM Pb in wastewater after the mineral exploitation of sugar-cane bagasse, peanut shells and coconut fibers 34 x n solution entered in water is 500 mg/l) increase to 40.45 % It is similar with other treatments 4.1.3.Assessing the ability to absorb heavy metals (HM) in the wastewater of coconut fibers Table 4.3: The ability for adsorbing the HM of Coconut fibers Test Content Test of HM Content of HM in water remained in Adsorption remained in Adsorption after water after a productivity water after a productivity mixed period of time AP (%) period of time AP (%) (mg/l) (mg/l) Content of HM Formula (mg/l) F1 Pb 235.2 ± 0.22 52.96 228.38 ± 0.35 54.34 F2 Pb 120.09 ± 0.045 75.982 116.23 ± 0.943 76.754 Coconut F3 Pb 84.38 ± 0.208 83.124 78.37 ± 0.43 84.326 fibers F1 Cu 500 267.21 ± 0.17 46.558 252.70 ± 0.09 49.46 F2 Cu mg/l 141.31 ± 0.148 71.738 139.645±0.459 72.071 F3 Cu 95.46 ± 0.199 80.908 86.75 ± 0.365 82.649 F1 Pb 497.87 ± 0.67 50.213 465.38 ± 0.35 53.462 F2 Pb 325.09 ± 0.045 67.491 316.23 ± 0.94 68.377 Coconut F3 Pb 1000 184.38 ± 0.20 81.562 409.13± 0.312 59.087 fibers F1 Cu mg/l 567.21 ± 0.17 43.279 521.70 ± 0.09 47.83 F2 Cu 413.31 ± 0.14 58.669 398.145±1.166 60.186 F3 Cu 258.46 ± 0.199 74.154 245.42 ± 0.45 75.458 31 n Figure 4.5 The ability to absorb Heavy Figure 4.6 The ability to absorb Heavy Metal of coconut fibers with the Metal of coconut fibers with the concentration of Saline solution entered in concentration of Saline solution entered water is 500 mg/l in water is 1000 mg/l The results in table 4.3, figure 4.5 and 4.6 indicated that, Coconut fibers have the adsorption capacity of input HM, the amount of of is better than because with the same amount of that contained in wastewater is lesser than the amount in both concentration of 500 mg/l, 1000 mg/l This results showed that coconut fibers have the highest adsorption productivity that is 84.326 % in F3 Pb ( with the HM concentration added is 500 mg/l in test 2) 4.2 Assessingthe Heavy metal adsorption capacity in wastewater by using agricultural wastes in the mining area of Lead, Zinc in Hich Village, Tan Long commune, Thai Nguyen province Based on the successful application in the use of sugar-cane bagasse, peanut shells and coconut fibers in the HM domestic absorption experiments with HM concentrations are given in 500 mg/l and 1000 mg/l and it provides a high efficiency, we have applied in the reality to absorb the heavy metal in the wastewater after the 32 n mineral exploitation in the mining area of lead, zinc Hich village in Tan Long commune, Dong Hy district, Thai Nguyen province The application of technology to adsorpting the heavy metal after the mineral exploitation was achievedgood results 4.2.1 Assessing the heavy metal concentration that contained in wastewater in the mining area of Lead and Zinc in Hich Village in Tan Long commune, Dong Hy district, Thai Nguyen Province The mining activities in the mining area: heavy metals and other hazardous chemicals in mining area have a directly affect to the health of those exposed and cause of the diseases related to eyes, skin, nose, throat, kidney, liver disease even cancer, destroying the central of nervous system Surface water and groundwater is also seriously polluted by this activity Toxic substances and heavy metals affected to the surrounding area such as polluting the surface water, ground water and residential areas The findings of the medical institute of labor and environmental hygiene shows that the mining exploitation activities in the mining of lead, zinc in Hich village often discharge to the environment a large number of heavy metal, the heavy metal levels exceeding the allowable limit from 2-10 times of lead, 2-15 times of Zinc Table 4.4 The concentration (mg/l) of heavy metal in wastewater after the mineral exploitation in the mining area of Lead, Zinc in Hich Village Sample’s name Pb (mg/l) Pb concentration 55.654 ISO B5945:2005 0.5 From table 4.4, we can see that the concentration of Pb that contained in waste water after the mining exploitation in this study is very high The concentration of Pb that 33 n determine in this area is 55.654 mg/l whereas the concentration of Pb in ISO is very low, just 0.5 mg/l It exceeded11.13 times compared with that in ISO These results showed that the aquatic environmental in this area was seriously pollutedby Pb concentration It has brought an enormous affect to human health and livingorganisms surrounding this area 4.2.2 Assessing the ability to absorb heavy metals (HM) in the wastewater of agricultural wastes The absorption capacity of Lead by using agricultural wastes (sugar-cane bagasse, peanut shells and coconut fibers) were examined Table 4.5 The ability to absorb HM Pb2+ in wastewater after the mineral exploitation of sugar-cane bagasse, peanut shells and coconut fibers Test Formula Test Content Content of HM of HM in remained in Adsorption remained in Adsorption water water after a productivity water after a productivity (mg/l) period of time AP (%) period of time AP (%) Content of HM (mg/l) sugar- F1 Pb cane F2 Pb bagasse F3 Pb Peanut F1 Pb shells F2 Pb (mg/l) 24.04± 0.072 56.8 22.077± 0.071 60.33 55.654 18.11± 0.113 67.45 15.847 ± 0.086 71.53 mg/l 12.41± 0.036 10.132± 0.097 30.196± 0.107 77.701 45.74 28.510± 0.395 81.79 48.77 55.654 21.085± 0.0164 62.11 19.065 ± 0.055 65.743 F3 Pb mg/l 16.148 ± 0.074 70.98 13.118 ± 0.38 76.429 Coconut F1 Pb 55.654 20.087± 0.035 63.91 18.51± 0.395 66.741 fibers F2 Pb mg/l 15.084 ± 0.016 72.90 13.065± 0.553 76.524 10.08± 0.12 81.89 9.004± 0.045 83.821 F3 Pb 34 n From table 4.5, we can see that Coconut fibers have brought the best heavy metal adsorption capacity in both test, followed by sugar-cane bagasseand Peanut shells.It is clearly that with the same amount of Agricultural by-products that entered in the water, coconut fibers have higheradsorption productivity than that in peanut shells and sugar-cane bagasse Peanut shells have the lowest absorption productivity For example, in test2 of F1 Pb with 300 g of agricultural by-products, the AP of coconut fibers is 66.741 %, whereas the AP of sugar-cane bagassepeanut shells is just 60.33% and48.77 % respectively The AP of coconut fibers is higher than 1.368 times by comparing with the AP of peanut fibers and it is higher than 1.106 times by comparing with the AP of sugar-cane bagasse It shows that the using of this agricutural byproducts play an important role in removing Pb concentration in wastewater after the mineral exploitation in the mining area of Lead, Zinc in Hich Village The particular results of each agricultural by-products showed in three following figures: Figure 4.7 The ability to absorb HM of sugar-cane bagasse with different contents 35 n Figure 4.8 The ability to absorb HM of peanut shells with different contents Figure 4.9 The ability to absorb HM of coconut fibers with different contents From this three figures, we can see that the concentration of heavy metals which extanted in the wastewater has dropped greatly Its mean that sugar-cane bagasse, peanut shells and coconut fibers absorbed a large number of heavy metal This results show that most of heavy metal extanted in water are over the standard regulation 36 n PART V.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 5.1.Discussion This review shows that the study on the wastewater treatment capacity after the mining exploitation by using the agricultural wastes (sugar-cane bagasse, peanut shells and coconut fibers) for heavy metal removal attracted the attention of many scientists A wide range of low-cost adsorbents obtained from chemical modified agricultural byproducts waste has been studied and the study was focused on the removal of heavy metal ions like and ions In addition, the results showed that the amount of Pb concentration whichaccumulates in the aquatic environment is very high Sugar-cane bagasse, peanut shells and coconut fibers have the different adsorption capacity corresponding with the different amount of waste-products The more amount of waste-products placed in water is the larger ability of waste-product to absorb heavy metal For sugar-cane bagasse, the highest ability to absorption of heavy metal is 900g, sugar-cane bagassecan absorbed about 61% (Formula 3, Pb, banana peels = 600g) 2.6 times higher compared with (Formula 1, Pb, banana peels = 200g) Similarly, the highest ability of peanut shells and coconut fibers to absorb of heavy metal is 900g and declining due to reducing the amount of peanut shells and coconut fibers The results shown that coconut fibers have the highest heavy metals adsorption capacity, followed by sugar-cane bagasse and peanut shells have the lowest adsorption productivity due to the structure of each agricultural by-products Because of the structure of peanut shells are very thin, its adsorption capacity of heavy metals is not well as sugar-cane bagasse and coconut fibers 37 n A large amount concentration of heavy metal in water such as and has been absorbed by sugar-cane bagasse and peanut shells and coconut fibers However, the concentration of heavy metal in water is still higher than ISO 40:2011/MONRE (the standard content of heavy metal in water is Pb: 0.5 mg/l and Cu: mg/l) Therefore, we need more deeply researches to study about this case in the future 5.2 Conclusion In conclusion, results shown in the thesis clearly indicate the absorption capacity of sugar-cane bagasse, peanut shells and coconut fibers The absorption of and by using agricultural wastes was examined and analyzed After conducting the experiment, the results showed that agricultural wastes have the ability to absorb the heavy metal and in wastewater and if we conduct the experiment many times repeately, we can reduce the amount of heavy metal in wastewater to allowable limit By comparing the using of agricultural wastes like sugar-cane bagasse, peanut shells and coconut fibers for removal the heavy metal ion in the wastewater, we can use F3 (with the highest amount of agricultural by-products in both HM concentration) in order to handle and in wastewater because it have showed the best results in improving the water quality This agricultural by-products is not only applied to absorb , and , but it can also apply to remove other heavy metals like , Therefore, the study and the application of the agricultural wastes will open a new direction in improving the water resources quality 38 n Need for further study about the absorption of other metal ions on the adsorption materials (sugar-cane bagasse, peanut shells and coconut fibers) in order to evaluate the absorption capacity of the absorbent materials completely and optimal 39 n REFERENCES Alkorta, I., Hernandez-Allica, J., & Garbisu, C (2004).Plants against the global epidemic of arsenic poisoning.Environmental international, 30(7), 945-951 Bishop J.L., Madejova´ J., Komadel P & Froeschl H (2002) The influence of structural Fe, Al and Mg on the 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polluted water Wastewater in The mining area of Zinc-Lead in Hich village, Tan Long commune 44 n Collecting water samples Classify samples Using AAS M6 - Thermo for measure the Heavy metal concentration 45 n